scholarly journals Nutrients Intake in Individuals with Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes: An Italian Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Guastadisegni ◽  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Sara Grioni ◽  
Vittorio Krogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nutrients Intake ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nutrients intake in an Italian adult population receiving pharmacological treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are within the recommended values proposed by dietary guidelines. Cross-sectional data from the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Observatory/Health Examination Survey in 8462 individuals 35–79 years were used. Food consumption was assessed with a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary sodium and potassium intakes were measured in 24-hour urine collection. Recommendations from WHO were used for salt and potassium intakes, those from the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group for diabetes, and those from the European Society of Cardiology for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Salt intake in urine collection of participants receiving treatment for hypertension was 11.1 ± 4.0 g/day for men and 8.6 ± 3.3 g/day for women, higher than recommended. In participants treated for dyslipidemia, mean saturated fat intake was 11.4% and 11.6% total Kcal in men and women respectively, higher than recommended, while cholesterol intake was higher only in men (365.9 ± 149.6 mg/day). In both men and women receiving treatment for diabetes, mean intake of saturated fats (12.3% and 12.2% of total Kcal), simple carbohydrates (17.5% and 19.8% of total Kcal) and cholesterol (411.0 ± 150.4 and 322.7 ± 111.1 mg/day) were above the recommendations, while fiber intake was below (19.5 ± 6.3 and 17.5 ± 6.2 mg/day). Overall, 70% to 80% of participants treated for these conditions received advice from family doctors on dietary management; however, nutrition is far from being optimal.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake from Food and Iodized Salt as Related to Dietary Salt Consumption in the Italian Adult General Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3486
Author(s):  
Roberto Iacone ◽  
Paola Iaccarino Idelson ◽  
Ornella Russo ◽  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Vittorio Krogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Italian Regions

Since the Italian iodoprophylaxis strategy is based on the use of iodized salt, we assessed the relationship between dietary salt consumption and iodine intake in the Italian adult population. We estimated the relative contribution given by the use of iodized salt and by the iodine introduced by foods to the total iodine intake. The study population included 2219 adults aged 25–79 years (1138 men and 1081 women) from all Italian regions, participating to the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008–2012 (OEC/HES), and examined for sodium and iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary sodium and total iodine intake were assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary excretion, while the EPIC questionnaire was used to evaluate the iodine intake from food. Sodium and iodine intake were significantly and directly associated, upon accounting for age, sex, and BMI (Spearman rho = 0.298; p < 0.001). The iodine intake increased gradually across quintiles of salt consumption in both men and women (p < 0.001). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adequacy level for iodine intake was met by men, but not women, only in the highest quintile of salt consumption. We estimated that approximately 57% of the iodine intake is derived from food and 43% from salt. Iodized salt contributed 24% of the total salt intake, including both discretionary and non-discretionary salt consumption. In conclusion, in this random sample of the Italian general adult population examined in 2008–2012, the total iodine intake secured by iodized salt and the iodine provision by food was insufficient to meet the EFSA adequate iodine intake.

Abstract P359: Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Diseases in the Italian Adult Population: The National Health Examination Surveys 2008-2012

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
Francesco Dima ◽  
Amalia De Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Italian Regions

Background: From 2008 to 2012 an Health Examination Survey (HES)-Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare (OEC) has been implemented in Italy with the aim of assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, prevalence of risk conditions and CV diseases for the Italian adult population. Methods: Random samples of general population stratified by age and sex were examined in all Italian regions (participation rate 56%). Risk factor were collected using standardized procedures and methods; biochemical tests were assayed in a central laboratory; a questionnaire investigates behaviours and CVD history; a ECG read in Minnesota code was used to define previous myocardial infarction. Comparisons between men and women were assessed using t-test for means and chi-squared test for prevalence. Results: Data of 4371 men and 4339 women ages 35-79 years were analysed. Majority of risk factors mean levels resulted higher in men than in women: systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 134 mmHg and 129 mmHg (p<0.0001), diastolic (DBP) was 84 mmHg and 79 mmHg (p<0.0001), fasting plasma glucose was 103 mg/dl and 95 mg/dl (p<0.0001), triglycerides was 135 mg/dl and 108 mg/dl (p<0.0001), respectively; as well as many CV risk conditions: smoking habit was 21% in men and 18% in women (p<0.0001), diabetes was 14% in men and 9% in women (p<0.0001) (28% of diabetic unaware both in men and women), 56% of men and 43% of women have SBP>=140 mmHg or DBP>=90 mmHg or in treatment (p<0.0001), 65% of men and 70% of women have total cholesterol (TC) >=200 mg/dl or in treatment for (p<0.0001), 48% of men and 33% of women are in overweight (BMI 25-29 kg/m 2 ) (p<0.0001). TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol resulted lower in men than in women: 209 mg/dl and 218 (44) (p<0.0001), 131 (38) mg/dl and 134 mg/dl (p<0.0001), 51 mg/dl and 62 mg/dl (p<0.0001), respectively. As well as prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time: 31% in men and 43% in women (p<0.0001). Prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30 kg/m 2 ) resulted similar in men and women: 25% and 27% respectively (p=0.0818). Prevalence of myocardial infarction was 2.1% in men and 0.7% in women (p<0.0001), prevalence of by-pass or angioplasty surgery was 5.1% and 1.0% (p<0.0001), prevalence of angina pectoris was 3.2% and in 4.8% (p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: At present obesity and smoking are still a priority in public health. In combination with other information sources, the OEC can contribute greatly to plan community actions and health services at national and regional level.

scholarly journals The association between socio-economic position and diet quality in Australian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Backholer ◽  
Elizabeth Spencer ◽  
Emma Gearon ◽  
Dianna J Magliano ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Guideline ◽  
Economic Position

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between multiple measures of socio-economic position (SEP) and diet quality, using a diet quality index representing current national dietary guidelines, in the Australian adult population.DesignCross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between indicators of SEP (educational attainment, level of income and area-level disadvantage) and diet quality (measured using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI)) in the total sample and stratified by sex and age (≤55 years and >55 years).SettingA large randomly selected sample of the Australian adult population.SubjectsAustralian adults (n 9296; aged ≥25 years) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study.ResultsA higher level of educational attainment and income and a lower level of area-level disadvantage were significantly associated with a higher DGI score, across the gradient of SEP. The association between indicators of SEP and DGI score was consistently stronger among those aged ≤55 years compared with their older counterparts. The most disadvantaged group had a DGI score between 2 and 5 units lower (depending on the marker of SEP) compared with the group with the least disadvantage.ConclusionsA higher level of SEP was consistently associated with a higher level of diet quality for all indicators of SEP examined. In order to reduce socio-economic inequalities in diet quality, healthy eating initiatives need to act across the gradient of socio-economic disadvantage with a proportionate focus on those with greater socio-economic disadvantage.

scholarly journals Low Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated With Sarcopenia Among US Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Galya Bigman ◽  
Alice Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), which is designed to reflect the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), and its association with muscle function decline (i.e., sarcopenia) is less known in the U.S. Our study aim was to examine the associations between HEI-2015 component and total scores with sarcopenia in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011–2014. Sarcopenia was assessed by handgrip strength measure using an average score of six trails (&lt;35.5kg for males, &lt;20.0kg for females). HEI-2015 was computed from data of two 24-hour dietary recalls and comprised 13 components (e.g., vegetables, greens and beans, fruits, dairy, protein foods, whole grains, fatty acid ratio, refined grains, sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars). Each component was scored on density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quintiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, comorbidity, medication use, smoking status, and alcohol use. Results The sample included 9006 eligible participants aged 20–80 years, of those, 14.4% had sarcopenia, where males had higher sarcopenia prevalence than females (18.4 vs. 10.7%, P &lt; 0.001), and participants with sarcopenia were older (p &lt; 0.001). Scores for HEI-2015 were total: 54.2 ± 13.6 (mean ± SD), and in the lowest and highest quintiles: 35.9 ± 4.8 and 73.9 ± 5.95, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest HEI-2015 quintile had 28% lower odds of having sarcopenia (Odds Ratio(OR) = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.55–0.94) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Among the HEI-2015 components; consuming adequate amount of protein foods, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits reduced the odd of having sarcopenia by 18–23%. Conclusions The findings suggest that higher compliance to the 2015–2020 DGA might reduce sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of protein foods, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits. Funding Sources Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Advanced Special Fellowship in Geriatrics, Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center.

scholarly journals Sodium and Potassium Intake, Knowledge Attitudes and Behaviour Towards Salt Consumption, Amongst Adults in Podgorica, Montenegro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfranco D'Elia ◽  
Mina Brajovic ◽  
Aleksandra Klisic ◽  
Joao Breda ◽  
Jo Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Excess salt and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Montenegro, CVD is the leading cause of death and disability. There is no survey that has directly measured salt and potassium consumption in Montenegro. The aim is to estimate population salt and potassium intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB), amongst the adult population of Podgorica. Random samples of adults were obtained from primary care centres. Participants attended a screening including demographic, anthropometric and physical measurements. Dietary salt and potassium intakes were assessed by 24h urinary sodium (UNa) and potassium (UK) excretions. Creatinine was measured. KAB was collected by questionnaire. Six hundred and thirty-nine (285 men, 25-65 years) were included in the analysis (response rate 63%). Mean UNa was 186.5 (SD 90.3) mmol/day, equivalent to 11.6g of salt/day, and potassium excretion 62.5 (26.2) mmol/day, equivalent to 3.2g/day. Only 7% of them had a salt intake below the WHO recommended target of 5g/day, and 13% ate enough potassium (&gt;90 mmol/day). The majority (86%) knew that high salt causes ill-health. However, only 44% thought it would be useful to reduce consumption. Salt consumption is high, and potassium consumption is low, in men and women living in Podgorica.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Evstifeeva ◽  
A. E. Imaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated with Grip Strength among the US Adult Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3358
Author(s):  
Galya Bigman ◽  
Alice S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Nationally Representative

The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was designed to reflect adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The study aims to examine the association between HEI-2015 and grip strength in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011–2014. Low grip strength was defined as <35.5 kg for men and <20 kg for women. HEI-2015 was computed from two days of 24-h dietary recalls and comprised 13 components. Each component was scored on the density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quartiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates. The sample included 9006 eligible participants, of those, 14.4% (aged 20+ years), and 24.8% (aged ≥50 years) had low grip strength. Mean (±SD) HEI-2015 total score was 54.2 ± 13.6 and in the lowest and highest quartiles 37.3 ± 5.1 and 72.0 ± 6.5, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 quartile had 24% lower odds of having low grip strength (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60–0.96). Specifically, participants who met the DGA for protein intakes, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, or whole fruits had 20–35% lower odds of having low grip strength than those who did not. Higher compliance to the DGA might reduce the risk for low grip strength as a proxy measure for sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of proteins, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits.

scholarly journals Trend of salt intake measured by 24-h urine collection in the Italian adult population between the 2008 and 2018 CUORE Project surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
Ornella Russo ◽  
Daniela Minutoli ◽  
Anna Di Lonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urine Collection

Projections for obesity, smoking and hypertension based on multiple imputation

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110610
Author(s):  
Jaakko Reinikainen ◽  
Tommi Härkänen ◽  
Hanna Tolonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Aims: Information on the future development of prevalences of risk factors and health indicators is needed to prepare for the forthcoming burden of disease in the population and to allocate resources properly for prevention. We aim to present how multiple imputation can be used flexibly to project future prevalences. Methods: The proposed approach uses data on repeated cross-sectional surveys from different years. We create future samples with age and sex distributions corresponding to the official national population forecasts. Then, the risk factors are simulated using multiple imputation by chained equations. Finally, the imputations are pooled to obtain the prevalences of interest. Covariates, such as sociodemographic variables as well as their possible interactions and non-linear terms, can be included in the modelling. The future development of these covariates is also projected simultaneously. We apply the procedure to data from five Finnish health examination surveys conducted between 1997 and 2017, and project the prevalences of obesity, smoking and hypertension to 2020 and 2025. Results: The prevalence of obesity is projected to increase to 24% for both men and women in 2025. The prevalences of hypertension and smoking are expected to continue decreasing, and the differences between men and women are projected to remain so that men will have higher prevalences. Conclusions: Simulation of future observations by multiple imputation can be used as a flexible yet relatively easy-to-use projection method.

Abstract P306: Italian National Health Examination Surveys 2008-2012: Differences in Measured and Self-reported Anthropometric Data

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
Francesco Dima ◽  
Lidia Gargiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Reported Data

Background: Health Interview Survey (HIS) collects only self-reported height and weight to estimate obesity prevalence. Because of self-reporting, estimated obesity prevalence could be too low. From 2008 to 2012 an Health Examination Survey/Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare (HES/OEC) has been implemented in Italy with the aim of assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, prevalence of risk conditions and CV diseases for the Italian adult population. Differences in measured and self-reported main anthropometric measures are described. Methods: Random samples of general population stratified by age and sex were examined in all Italian regions (participation rate 56%). Self-reported height and weight were requested to participants just after the welcome at the screening center. Height and weight were then measured using standardized procedures and methods. BMI was categorized in 3 groups: normal (BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight (25<=BMI<30 kg/m2), obesity (BMI>=30 kg/m2). Comparisons between measured and reported height, weight, and calculated BMI in men and women were assessed using t-test for means and chi-squared test for prevalence for paired samples. Results: Data from 2,583 men and 2,575 women aged 35-79 years were analysed. In men, measured height was lower than self-reported (-2.1 cm.), measured weight resulted higher than self-reported (+0.3 kg.); as a consequence BMI calculated on measured data resulted higher than that based on self-reported data (+0.8 kg/m2). Prevalence of obesity was higher for measured data than for self-reported (+7.1%). In men, difference between measured and self-reported height resulted higher in obese category than in the overweight or normal groups (-2.6 cm.), as well as for weight (+1.6 kg.). Similar results were registered in women: measured height was lower than self-reported (-3.6 cm.), measured weight resulted higher than self-reported (+0.8 kg.); as a consequence BMI calculated on measured data resulted higher than that based on self-reported data (+1.6 kg/m2). Prevalence of obesity was higher for measured data than for self-reported (+9.2%). Difference between measured and self-reported height resulted higher in obese category than in the overweight or normal groups (-5.0 cm.), as well as for weight (1.8 kg.). Both in men and women differences increased by age-group. Conclusions: Our results confirm how important is to produce standardised measures, also to adjust and correct self-reported height and weight, in order to have a reliable picture of obesity in the population. At present obesity is still a priority in public health and is one of the main indicator to plan community actions for cardiovascular disease prevention in the population.

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