scholarly journals Prospective Association between Whole Grain Consumption and Hypertension: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Kashino ◽  
Masafumi Eguchi ◽  
Takako Miki ◽  
Takeshi Kochi ◽  
Akiko Nanri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Study Participants

Hypertension has become a major public health issue worldwide. Whole grains contain higher levels and a broader range of nutrients with potential health benefits and may decrease the risk of hypertension. However, no prospective studies have investigated this association in the high-income Asia Pacific region, which has the lowest whole grain intake worldwide. Thus, we examined the prospective association between whole grain consumption and the development of hypertension in Japan. Participants included 944 working Japanese adults aged 19–68 years who had no hypertension at baseline and completed a 3-year follow-up survey. Whole grain consumption was assessed via a self-administered dietary questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between whole grain consumption and hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding factors, such as sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary, and occupational characteristics. After 3 years, 9.4% (86 cases) of the study participants had developed hypertension. More frequent whole grain consumption, classified as an intake frequency of “sometimes or always”, was associated with lower odds of hypertension (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.83; p for trend = 0.04) compared with no consumption. Consuming more whole grains may decrease the risk of developing hypertension.

scholarly journals Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Grain Foods

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between the intake of total and individual whole grain foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Prospective cohort studies. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2014), Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2017), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016), United States. Participants 158 259 women and 36 525 men who did not have type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures Self-reports of incident type 2 diabetes by participants identified through follow-up questionnaires and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Results During 4 618 796 person years of follow-up, 18 629 participants with type 2 diabetes were identified. Total whole grain consumption was categorized into five equal groups of servings a day for the three cohorts. After adjusting for lifestyle and dietary risk factors for diabetes, participants in the highest category for total whole grain consumption had a 29% (95% confidence interval 26% to 33%) lower rate of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest category. For individual whole grain foods, pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for type 2 diabetes in participants consuming one or more servings a day compared with those consuming less than one serving a month were 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) for whole grain cold breakfast cereal, 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for dark bread, and 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) for popcorn. For other individual whole grains with lower average intake levels, comparing consumption of two or more servings a week with less than one serving a month, the pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for oatmeal, 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) for brown rice, 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) for added bran, and 0.88 (0.78 to 0.98) for wheat germ. Spline regression showed a non-linear dose-response association between total whole grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes where the rate reduction slightly plateaued at more than two servings a day (P<0.001 for curvature). For whole grain cold breakfast cereal and dark bread, the rate reduction plateaued at about 0.5 servings a day. For consumption of popcorn, a J shaped association was found where the rate of type 2 diabetes was not significantly raised until consumption exceeded about one serving a day. The association between higher total whole grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes was stronger in individuals who were lean than in those who were overweight or obese (P=0.003 for interaction), and the associations did not vary significantly across levels of physical activity, family history of diabetes, or smoking status. Conclusion Higher consumption of total whole grains and several commonly eaten whole grain foods, including whole grain breakfast cereal, oatmeal, dark bread, brown rice, added bran, and wheat germ, was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings provide further support for the current recommendations of increasing whole grain consumption as part of a healthy diet for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of whole grains, health benefits but do contaminants pose a major risk?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nugent ◽  
Frank Thielecke
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThere is a long history of use for whole grain cereals as part of human dietary intakes with records of dietary grain consumption from the Middle Stone Ages. Whole grains are nutrient dense and research demonstrates that the healthiest diets (those associated with reduced risk of non-communicable diseases e.g. cardiovascular disease or cancer) are characterised by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, nuts and legumes and whole grains and lower intakes of red and processed meats. Currently, grains are a main energy and carbohydrate source and as such form a cornerstone of food based dietary guidelines and dietary guidance globally. However, grains also naturally contain contaminants and as a food category can represent a significant dietary source of foodborne contaminants.Materials and MethodsThe outcomes of a narrative review on the major contaminants present in whole grains, their potential health risks and suggested strategies to mitigate any risk are described. Contaminants are limited to mycotoxins (aflatoxinB1, ochratoxin A, Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone), heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, lead) and the process contaminant acrylamide.ResultsWhole grains can contain more contaminants than refined versions e.g. whole grain rice with bran intact can have up to 80% more arsenic than white rice. However, whole grains also provide more nutrients which may mitigate against the impact of these contaminants. For example, for heavy metals, there is some evidence that dietary fibres (e.g. wheat bran) may bind to them and reduce their absorption, as can nutrients naturally found in whole grains e.g. zinc, magnesium or copper. Minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc may also impede heavy metal absorption by down-regulating or competing for attachment to transporters that facilitate intestinal absorption. Although, strict regulatory thresholds and monitoring processes by competent authorities minimise any risk to public health, the consumer may further lessen any risk through their own dietary choices and food storage and preparation practicesDiscussionThere are a number of potential health-protective properties inherent to whole grains. Given that complete elimination of contaminants from grains is unlikely to be achieved, their presence merits continued monitoring with evidence to date suggesting any such risk does not outweigh the known benefits of wholegrain consumption.

scholarly journals Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Sarkhosh-Khorasani ◽  
Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objectives: Data demonstrated a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. Inconsistent data regarding the association between adherence of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and obesity is identified. Thus, this study intends to address this relationship among a large sample of both urban and suburb areas of Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 participants of Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943) and TAghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ) which was conducted on Yazd Health Study participants, (n=6750) living in urban and suburb areas. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship of HEI-2015 with obesity.Results: No significant association was found between adherence to the HEI-2015 diet and odds of general and central obesity. Conclusions: Our findings showed adherence to HEI-2015 might have no protective effect on odds of general obesity. Also, in suburb region and whole population of both urban and suburb regions greater compliance of men to HEI-2015 diet might have a positive effect on odds of central obesity. Moreover, in suburb area participants in the highest quintile significantly were smoker and had higher level of SES. Finally, the casual effect of HEI-2015 on obesity needs to be investigated further in prospective studies and among different populations.

scholarly journals Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Obesity Among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sahar sarkhosh khorasani ◽  
Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objectives: Data demonstrated a relationship between obesity and increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity of chronic diseases. Inconsistent data regarding the association between adherence of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and obesity is identified. Thus, this study intends to address this relationship among a large sample of both urban and suburb areas of Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by 10693 participants of Shahedieh cohort study (n=3943) and TAghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMYZ) which was conducted on Yazd Health Study participants, (n=6750) living in urban and suburb areas. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In all participants, anthropometric indices including body mass index were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship of HEI-2015 with obesity.Results: No significant association was found between adherence to the HEI-2015 diet and odds of general and central obesity. Conclusions: Our findings showed adherence to HEI-2015 might have no protective effect on odds of general obesity. Also, in suburb region and whole population of both urban and suburb regions greater compliance of men to HEI-2015 diet might have a positive effect on odds of central obesity. Moreover, in suburb area participants in the highest quintile significantly were smoker and had higher level of SES. Finally, the casual effect of HEI-2015 on obesity needs to be investigated further in prospective studies and among different populations.

scholarly journals Whole grain and dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn G Hullings ◽  
Rashmi Sinha ◽  
Linda M Liao ◽  
Neal D Freedman ◽  
Barry I Graubard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Whole grains and other foods containing fiber are thought to be inversely related to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether these associations reflect fiber or fiber source remains unclear. Objectives We evaluated associations of whole grain and dietary fiber intake with CRC risk in the large NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Methods We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for whole grain and dietary fiber intake and risk of CRC among 478,994 US adults, aged 50–71 y. Diet was assessed using a self-administered FFQ at baseline in 1995–1996, and 10,200 incident CRC cases occurred over 16 y and 6,464,527 person-years of follow-up. We used 24-h dietary recall data, collected on a subset of participants, to evaluate the impact of measurement error on risk estimates. Results After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, including folate, we observed an inverse association for intake of whole grains (HRQ5 vs.Q1 : 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90; P-trend &lt; 0.001), but not dietary fiber (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.04; P-trend = 0.40), with CRC incidence. Intake of whole grains was inversely associated with all CRC cancer subsites, particularly rectal cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.87; P-trend &lt; 0.001). Fiber from grains, but not other sources, was associated with lower incidence of CRC (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P-trend &lt; 0.001), particularly distal colon (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96; P-trend = 0.005) and rectal cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.88; P-trend &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Dietary guidance for CRC prevention should focus on intake of whole grains as a source of fiber.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

scholarly journals Effects of cycling workstation to get tertiary employee moving on their overall health: study protocol for a REMOVE trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Guirado ◽  
Lore Metz ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Audrey Bergouignan ◽  
David Thivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Working Day

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviour (SB) and low levels of physical activity (PA) are predictors of morbidity and mortality. Tertiary employees spend a considerable amount of their daily time seated and new efficient strategies to both reduce sedentary time and increase physical activity are needed. In that context, the REMOVE study aims at evaluating the health effects of a 24-week cycling desk intervention among office workers. Methods A prospective, open-label, multicentre, two-arm parallel, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in office-sitting desk workers. Office workers (N = 80) who have 0.8 full time equivalent hours (FTE) and 75% of this time in a sitting position will be recruited from tertiary worksites in Clermont-Ferrand, France. Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the two following interventions: (i) PPM6: performance of two 30 min of cycling desk (using portable pedal exercise machine—PPM) per working day for 6 months or (ii) CTL_PPM3: 3 months with no intervention (control) followed by 3 months during which workers will be asked to complete two 30 min of PPM per working day. At baseline (T0), at 3 months (T1) and at 6 months (T2) after the start of the interventions, primary outcomes; 7-day PA and SB (3D-accelerometers), secondary outcomes; body composition (bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (aerobic fitness, upper and lower limb strength), metabolic outcomes (fasting blood samples), self-perceived stress, anxiety, quality of life at work and job strain (questionnaires), tertiary outcomes; resting metabolic rate and cycling energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) and eating behaviours (questionnaires) will be measured. An ergonomic approach based on observations and individual interviews will be used to identify parameters that could determine adherence. Discussion The REMOVE study will be the first RCT to assess the effects of cycling workstations on objectively measured PA and SB during working and non-working hours and on key physiological and psychological health outcomes. This study will provide important information regarding the implementation of such cycling workstations in office workers and on the associated potential health benefits. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04153214. Registered on November 2019, version 1

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

scholarly journals MCR: Open-Source Software to Automate Compilation of Health Study Report-Back

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6104
Author(s):  
Erin Polka ◽  
Ellen Childs ◽  
Alexa Friedman ◽  
Kathryn S. Tomsho ◽  
Birgit Claus Henn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Sharing individualized results with health study participants, a practice we and others refer to as “report-back,” ensures participant access to exposure and health information and may promote health equity. However, the practice of report-back and the content shared is often limited by the time-intensive process of personalizing reports. Software tools that automate creation of individualized reports have been built for specific studies, but are largely not open-source or broadly modifiable. We created an open-source and generalizable tool, called the Macro for the Compilation of Report-backs (MCR), to automate compilation of health study reports. We piloted MCR in two environmental exposure studies in Massachusetts, USA, and interviewed research team members (n = 7) about the impact of MCR on the report-back process. Researchers using MCR created more detailed reports than during manual report-back, including more individualized numerical, text, and graphical results. Using MCR, researchers saved time producing draft and final reports. Researchers also reported feeling more creative in the design process and more confident in report-back quality control. While MCR does not expedite the entire report-back process, we hope that this open-source tool reduces the barriers to personalizing health study reports, promotes more equitable access to individualized data, and advances self-determination among participants.

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