scholarly journals Meal Patterns and Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Favorable Change ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Beta Coefficient

We examined whether energy and macronutrient intake from different meals was associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in children. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. We included 5517 children aged 6–13 years from six major cities in China. Five meal patterns were identified according to energy intake: balanced, breakfast dominant, lunch dominant, dinner dominant, and snack dominant patterns. These patterns were not significantly associated with changes in CMR factors. Carbohydrate intake (% energy) at lunch was positively associated with the change in CMRS (beta coefficient (95% CI): (0.777 (0.509, 1.046) in quintile 5 versus quintile 1). A positive association between carbohydrate intake at dinner and change in CMRS was observed. High protein intake at both lunch and dinner was associated with a favorable change in CMRS. Moderate fat intake at lunch was associated with a lower increase in CMRS. Meal patterns driven by energy were not significantly associated with CMR factors; however, a low carbohydrate-high protein-moderate fat lunch and low carbohydrate-high protein dinner were associated with favorable changes in CMRS in children.

scholarly journals The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Z Scores

The clustering of diet quality, physical activity, and sleep and its association with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains to be explored. We included 5315 children aged 6–13 years in the analysis. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. Low diet quality and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were more likely to be seen in a pair, but low diet quality was less likely to be clustered with unhealthy sleep patterns. Low diet quality, low CRF, and unhealthy sleep pattern was associated with a 0.63, 0.53, and 0.25 standard deviation (SD) higher increase in CMRS, respectively. Compared to children with no unhealthy factor (−0.79 SD), those with ≥1 unhealthy factor had a higher increase (−0.20 to 0.59 SD) in CMRS. A low diet quality-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in CMRS, blood pressure, and triglycerides. A low diet quality–low CRF-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in fatness and fasting glucose. Unhealthy factor cluster patterns are complex; however, their positive associations with changes in CMR factors are consistently significant in children. Some specific patterns are more harmful than others for cardiometabolic health.

Validation of a continuous measure of cardiometabolic risk among adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaigang Li ◽  
Denise L. Haynie ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Leah M. Lipsky ◽  
Tonja Nansel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Standardized Residuals ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Objectives We validated a continuous cardiometabolic risk (CMR) measure among adolescents. Methods Five metabolic syndrome (MetS) components including waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and mean arterial pressure were assessed in a national cohort of U.S. adolescents (n=560; 16.5 ± 0.5 y/o at baseline) in 10th grade (2010, Wave 1 (W1)), and follow-up assessments four (W4) and seven (W7) years later. Separately by wave, linear regressions were fitted to each MetS component controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and yielded standardized residuals (Z-scores). Wave-specific component Z-scores were summed to obtain composite CMR Z-scores. Four- and seven-year CMR change (CMR-diff W1–W4 and W1–W7). and average CMR risk (CMR-avg; (W1 + W4)/2 and (W1 + W7)/2) were calculated using the CMR Z-scores. W7 MetS was determined using adult criteria. Student’s t-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted. Results Participants meeting the adult criteria for MetS at W7 (74 of 416, 17.8%) had statistically significant (p<0.01) higher values for W1 CMR Z-scores (0.92 vs. −0.21), W4 CMR Z-scores (1.69 vs. −0.28), W7 CMR Z-scores (2.21 vs. −0.55), W1–W4 CMR-avg (1.53 vs. −0.27), W1–W7 CMR-diff (1.29 vs. −0.21), and W1–W7 CMR-avg (1.46 vs. −0.48) than those not meeting MetS criteria. Most results were similar for males and females in the sex-stratified analyses. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.61, 0.71, and 0.75 for W1, W4 and W7 Z-scores. Conclusions Findings support the validity of the continuous CMR Z-scores calculated using linear regression in evaluating and monitoring CMR profiles from adolescence to early adulthood.

scholarly journals Handgrip Strength and Current Smoking Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Korean Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5021
Author(s):  
Sae Yun Kim ◽  
Jung Soo Lee ◽  
Yeo Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Independent Association

This study aimed to identify the independent association of handgrip strength and current smoking with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. Data of 1806 adolescents (12–18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression analyses. Handgrip strength was normalized by body weight into relative handgrip strength. A cardiometabolic risk index score was calculated from the z-scores of the following components: waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure. Relative handgrip strength showed an inverse association with high cardiometabolic risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7–19.3) for boys and 5.7 (95% CI, 2.9–11.2) for girls on comparing the lowest and the highest age-and sex-specific quartiles of relative handgrip strength. The adjusted odds ratios for high cardiometabolic risk on comparing the second quartile and the highest quartile of relative handgrip strength were 3.9 (95% CI, 1.7–8.9) in boys and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3–5.3) in girls. Current smoking was independently associated with high cardiometabolic risk in boys aged 15–18 years. These findings suggest the need to increase muscle strength in adolescents and reduce smoking in older boys to promote cardiometabolic health.

Abstract P041: Relations of Three Types of Low Carbohydrate Diet to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and C-Reactive Protein: The INTERLIPID Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima ◽  
Nagako Okuda ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Yoshikuni Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Introduction: Sizable numbers of people have tried low carbohydrate diets (LCD) of varied types; data are sparse on effects on cardiometabolic risk factors with different types of LCD. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that relationships of LCD score to cardiometabolic risk factors and an inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), are different among usual, animal-based, and plant-based LCD. Methods: We assessed serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and nutrient intakes by standardized methods in men and women ages 40 to 59 years from four population samples of Japanese in Japan (553 men and 544 women, combined). For people consuming usual, animal-based, and plant-based LCDs, we calculated LCD scores, based on relative level of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, by modifying the methods of Halton, et al. Instead of calculating scores based on animal or vegetable fat, we used saturated fatty acids (SFA) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) +polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine relations of LCD scores to log-CRP and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: In multivariate regression analyses with adjustment for site, age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, years of education, and Keys dietary lipid score, all three LCD scores were significantly directly related to HDLc (all Ps<0.001), but not to LDLc. The plant-based LCD score was significantly inversely related to log-CRP (coefficient=-0.011, P=0.017). Conclusions: All three LCD scores were significantly directly related to HDLc, but not to LDLc. The plant-based LCD score, associated with higher PUFA and lower SFA and dietary cholesterol in comparison with the other two LCD scores, was significantly inversely related to log-CRP.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of an innovative gluten-free, low-carbohydrate and high protein-bread enriched with pea protein powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wójcik ◽  
Renata Różyło ◽  
Regine Schönlechner ◽  
Mary Violet Berger
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Index Value

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effect of pea protein powder on the pasting behavior and physico-chemical properties including the composition of amino and fatty acids of gluten-free bread with low-carbohydrate content. The control bread recipe was based on buckwheat flour (50 g) and flaxseed flour (50 g) as main flours. Additionally, the improving additives for this control bread such as psyllium husk (4 g), potato fiber (2 g), and guar gum (2 g) were used. The mixture of base flour was supplemented with the addition of pea protein powder (PPP) in the amount ranging from 5 to 25%. The results of Visco analyzes measured by RVA apparatus showed that the addition of 10% PPP to the control bread did not significantly differentiate peak viscosity and pasting temperature which was at the level 3115 cP and 3149 cP and 50 °C, respectively. Supplementation of low-carbohydrate bread with 10% of PPP was acceptable and significantly increased the content of all analyzed amino acids, as well as the amount of α-linolenic acid concerning the control bread. The lowest value of chemical score was observed for leucine. The EAAI (essential amino acid index) value increased from 34 to 40 when the optimal protein supplement was added. The developed gluten-free, low-carbohydrate, and high protein bread was characterized by contents of carbohydrate of 16.9%, protein of 17.1%, fiber of 13.7%, fat of 3.3% and its calorific value was 194 kcal/100 g.

scholarly journals Low Serum Uric Acid Predicts Risk of a Composite Disease Endpoint

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz ◽  
Yusuf Karadeniz ◽  
Adnan Kaya ◽  
Servet Altay ◽  
Günay Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Serum

Background and objectives: Mortality may increase in hypouricemia as well as inhyperuricemia. We assessed the predictive value of low serum uric acid (SUA) levels on the risk of overall mortality or a composite endpoint of death and nonfatal events. Materials and Methods: In 1013 community-based middle-aged adults, free of uncontrolled diabetes and coronary heart disease at baseline, the association of sex-specific SUA tertiles with defined outcomes was evaluated prospectively by logistic regression, stratified to gender and presence of type-2 diabetes, using recent criteria. Results: Totally, 43 deaths and additional incident nonfatal events in 157 cases were recorded at a median 3.4 years’ follow-up. Multivariable linear regression disclosed SUA to be significantly associated among non-diabetic individuals positively with creatinine, triglycerides, and body mass index in women further with fasted glucose. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, sex-specifically dichotomized baseline uric acid (<5.1 and <4.1 mg/dL vs. higher values) significantly predicted the non-fatal events in the whole sample (relative risk (RR) 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02; 2.26]), as well as in men, while composite endpoint in the whole sample tended to rise (RR 1.38). Compared with the intermediate one, the top and bottom SUA tertiles combined tended to confer mortality risk (RR 2.40 [95% CI 0.89; 6.51]). Adverse outcomes in diabetic women were predicted by tertiles 2 and 3. Conclusions: Inverse association of SUA with adverse outcomes, especially in men, is consistent with the involvement of uric acid mass in autoimmune activation. The positive association of uric acid with adverse outcomes in diabetic women is likely mediated by concomitant high-density lipoprotein dysfunction.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results of CitraVes™ Effects on Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Waist Circumference in Healthy Subjects after 12 Weeks: A Pilot Open-Label Study

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Stefania Raimondo ◽  
Dragana Nikolic ◽  
Alice Conigliaro ◽  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
Bruna Lo Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study

Appropriate monitoring and control of modifiable risk factors, such as the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other types of dyslipidemia, have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, various nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering effects have gained attention. In addition to the plant-derived bioactive compounds, recent studies suggested that plant cells are able to release small lipoproteic structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). The interaction between EVs and mammalian cells could lead to beneficial effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to assess the safety of the new patented plant-based product citraVes™, containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck juice, and to investigate its ability to modulate different CV risk factors in healthy subjects. A cohort of 20 healthy volunteers was recruited in a prospective open-label study. All participants received the supplement in a spray-dried formulation at a stable dose of 1000 mg/day for 3 months. Anthropometric and hematobiochemical parameters were analyzed at the baseline and after the follow-up period of 1 and 3 months. We observed that the supplement has an effect on two key factors of cardiometabolic risk in healthy subjects. A significant change in waist circumference was found in women after 4 (85.4 [79.9, 91.0] cm, p < 0.005) and 12 (85.0 [80.0, 90.0] cm, p < 0.0005) weeks, when compared to the baseline value (87.6 [81.7, 93.6] cm). No difference was found in men (baseline: 100.3 [95.4, 105.2] cm; 4 weeks: 102.0 [95.7, 108.3] cm; 12 weeks: 100.0 [95.3, 104.7] cm). The level of LDL-C was significantly lower at 12 weeks versus 4 weeks (p = 0.0064). Our study evaluated, for the first time, the effects of a natural product containing plant-derived EVs on modifiable risk factors in healthy volunteers. The results support the use of EV extracts to manage cardiometabolic risk factors successfully.

scholarly journals Effects of Palm Stearin versus Butter in the Context of Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diets on Circulating Lipids in a Controlled Feeding Study in Healthy Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Parker N. Hyde ◽  
Teryn N. Sapper ◽  
Richard A. LaFountain ◽  
Madison L. Kackley ◽  
Alex Buga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background. Foods rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been discouraged by virtue of their cholesterol-raising potential, but this effect is modulated by the food source and background level of carbohydrate. Objective. We aimed to compare the consumption of palm stearin (PS) versus butter on circulating cholesterol responses in the setting of both a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LC/HF) and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy subjects. We also explored effects on plasma lipoprotein particle distribution and fatty acid composition. Methods. We performed a randomized, controlled-feeding, cross-over study that compared a PS- versus a Butter-based diet in a group of normocholesterolemic, non-obese adults. A controlled canola oil-based ‘Run-In’ diet preceded the experimental PS and Butter diets. All diets were eucaloric, provided for 3-weeks, and had the same macronutrient distribution but varied in primary fat source (40% of the total fat). The same Run-In and cross-over experiments were done in two separate groups who self-selected to either a LC/HF (n = 12) or a HC/LF (n = 12) diet track. The primary outcomes were low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, triglycerides, and LDL particle distribution. Results. Compared to PS, Butter resulted in higher LDL-C in both the LC/HF (13.4%, p = 0.003) and HC/LF (10.8%, p = 0.002) groups, which was primarily attributed to large LDL I and LDL IIa particles. There were no differences between PS and Butter in HDL-C, triglycerides, or small LDL particles. Oxidized LDL was lower after PS than Butter in LC/HF (p = 0.011), but not the HC/LF group. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that Butter raises LDL-C relative to PS in healthy normocholesterolemic adults regardless of background variations in carbohydrate and fat, an effect primarily attributed to larger cholesterol-rich LDL particles.

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