scholarly journals The Effect of Sheep and Cow Milk Supplementation of a Low Calcium Diet on the Distribution of Macro and Trace Minerals in the Organs of Weanling Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan Burrow ◽  
Wayne Young ◽  
Michelle McConnell ◽  
Alan Carne ◽  
David Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow Milk ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Lower Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of either sheep or cow milk supplementation to a low calcium and phosphorus diet on growth and organ mineral distribution in weanling rats. Rats were fed diets consisting of either a control chow, a 50% reduced calcium and phosphorous chow (low Ca/P), low Ca/P and sheep milk, or low Ca/P and cow milk diet for 28 days. Food intake of the rats, the growth rate of the rats, and the concentrations of minerals in the soft organs and serum were determined. Rats fed the low Ca/P diet alone had lower weight gain than rats consuming either of the milk-supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Both sheep milk and cow milk supplementation overcame the effects of consuming a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorus but the sheep milk was effective at a significantly lower level of milk intake (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in essential and trace mineral concentrations due to milk type were observed in the kidney, spleen, and liver. For non-essential minerals, significant differences (p < 0.05), related to diet, were observed in all organs for arsenic, cesium, rubidium, and strontium concentrations.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Supplementation of a Diet Low in Calcium and Phosphorus with Either Sheep Milk or Cow Milk on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Bone using A Rat Model

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Keegan Burrow ◽  
Wayne Young ◽  
Niels Hammer ◽  
Sarah Safavi ◽  
Mario Scholze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

This study assessed the effect of cow milk (CM) and sheep milk (SM) consumption on the micro-structure, mechanical function, and mineral composition of rat femora in a male weanling rat model. Male weanling rats were fed a basal diet with a 50% reduction in calcium and phosphorus content (low Ca/P-diet) supplemented with either SM or CM. Rats were fed for 28 days, after which the femora were harvested and stored. The femora were analyzed by μ-CT, three-point bending, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The addition of either milk to the low Ca/P-diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surface density, trabecular number, cortical bone volume, and maximum force, when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The consumption of either milk resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in trabecular pattern factor, and cortical bone surface to volume ratio when compared to rats that consumed only the low Ca/P-diet. The results were achieved with a lower consumption of SM compared to that of CM (p < 0.05). This work indicates that SM and CM can help overcome the effects on bone of a restriction in calcium and phosphorus intake.

scholarly journals Icariin protects against cage layer osteoporosis by intervening in steroid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwang Yu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Zhongxin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium

AbstractCage layer osteoporosis (CLO) is a common bone metabolism disease in the breeding industry of China. However, effective prevention for CLO has not been developed. Icariin (ICA), the main bioactive component of the Chinese herb Epimedium, has been shown to have good therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases. In this study, the effects of ICA were further evaluated in a low-calcium diet-induced CLO, and a serum metabolomics assay was performed to understand the underlying mechanisms. A total of 144 31-wk-old Lohmann pink-shell laying hens were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 6 hens per replicate. The 4 dietary treatment groups consisted of a basal diet (3.5% calcium), a low-calcium diet (2.0% calcium), and a low-calcium diet supplemented with 0.5 or 2.0 g/kg ICA. The results showed that ICA exerted good osteoprotective effects on low-calcium diet-induced CLO. ICA significantly increased femur bone mineral density, improved bone microstructure, decreased bone metabolic level, and upregulated mRNA expression of bone formation genes in femoral bone tissue. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that 8 metabolite levels were significantly changed after ICA treatment, including increased contents of 7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-oxocholesterol, desmosterol, PC (18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)), PS (18:0/18:1(9Z)), N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid and decreased N2,N2-dimethylguanosine. Metabolic pathway analysis based on the above 8 metabolites indicated that ICA mainly perturbed steroid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These findings suggest that ICA can effectively prevent bone loss in low-calcium diet-induced CLO by mediating steroid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism and provide new information for the regulation of bone metabolic diseases.

Lower weight gain and higher expression and blood levels of adiponectin in rats fed medium-chain TAG compared with long-chain TAG

Lipids ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takeuchi ◽  
Osamu Noguchi ◽  
Seiji Sekine ◽  
Aiko Kobayashi ◽  
Toshiaki Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Lower Weight Gain ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Growth and enterotoxin production of Bacillus cereus in cow, goat, and sheep milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S3-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Necidová ◽  
Šárka Bursová ◽  
Alena Skočková ◽  
Bohdana Janštová ◽  
Pavla Prachařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Enterotoxin Production

The aim of this study was to compare Bacillus cereus growth rates and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production in raw and pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk in terms of storage conditions. Milk samples were inoculated with B. cereus (CCM 2010), which produces diarrhoeal enterotoxins. Enterotoxin production was tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and the count of B. cereus was determined by the plate method. With raw cow milk, B. cereus growth and enterotoxin production can be completely suppressed; in raw goat and sheep milk, enterotoxin was produced at 22 °C. In pasteurized cow, goat, and sheep milk, the B. cereus count increased under all storage conditions, with more rapid growth being observed at 15 °C (sheep milk) and 22 °C (cow and goat milk). Enterotoxin presence was detected at 15 °C and 22 °C, and with pasteurized cow milk also at 8 °C. Our model experiments have determined that B. cereus multiplication and subsequent enterotoxin production depend on storage temperature and milk type.

Calcium and Phosphorus Retention on Low-Calcium Diets

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Frances A. Johnston ◽  
Rebecca A. Folsom
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

scholarly journals Influence of tail biting on weight gain, lesions and condemnations at slaughter of finishing pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Maria F.P.P. Marques ◽  
Mari L. Bernardi ◽  
Carolini F. Coelho ◽  
Mirian Almeida ◽  
Oscar E. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Condemnation Rate ◽  
Lower Weight Gain ◽  
Degree Of Severity ◽  
Lesion Severity

The present study assessed the association of tail-biting lesions in finishing pigs with weight gain, occurrence of locomotion or respiratory disorders and abscesses during finishing period, and carcass condemnation at slaughter. The study was carried out on 4 different farms. For each animal with a tail biting lesion, two control pigs were selected. The total number of animals in the study was 312, with 104 of them being tail-bitten. Tail lesions were classified according to the degree of severity into four scores: score 0 -normal tail withou lesion; score 1-3 - increasing lesion severity, and score 4 - healed lesions. Overall, the occurrence of severe tail lesions (score 3) varied from 55 to 73% of tail-bitten pigs among farms. On all farms, healing of tail lesions was observed in 95% to 100% of the animals at the evaluation performed within 41-43 days after the commencement of the study. In two out of the four evaluated farms, pigs with score of 3 showed lower weight gain (P<0.05) compared with score 0 pigs. Before slaughter, the occurrence of locomotion problems and nodules/abscesses was associated (P<0.05) with the presence of tail-biting lesions. At slaughter, tail-biting lesions were associated (P<0.05) with the presence of abscesses, lung lesions (pleuritis and embolic pneumonia) or arthritis in carcasses. Carcass condemnation was associated with the presence of tail-biting lesions (P<0.05). Overall, carcass condemnation rate was 21.4%, of which animals with tail-biting lesions accounted for 66.7% of condemnations. Among the animals diagnosed with cannibalism at farm level, only two had not healed their lesions at slaughter. The fact that there were a lot of carcass condemnations, despite the fact that tail-bitten animals had no more active lesions, suggests that different situations may be observed between the field and slaughter, reinforcing the need to analyze pigs both at farm and slaughter to allow proper assessment of losses related to tail biting. Collectively, the observations of the present study show that complications associated with tail-biting found in slaughterhouses are probably underestimating field prevalence.

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