scholarly journals Participatory Methods to Identify Perceived Healthy and Sustainable Traditional Culinary Preparations across Three Generations of Adults: Results from Chile’s Metropolitan Region and Region of La Araucanía

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kanter ◽  
Mariana León Villagra
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Pile Sort ◽  
Cultural Domain ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Community Workshops ◽  
Traditional Diets

Traditional diets reflect different cultures and geographical locations, and may provide healthy diet options. In Chile, it is unknown whether traditional culinary preparations are still remembered, let alone consumed. Therefore, we adapted methods to identify traditional culinary preparations for healthy and sustainable dietary interventions. In Chile’s Metropolitan Region and the Region of La Araucanía, we collected data on the variety of traditional diets through cultural domain analyses: direct participant observation (n = 5); free listing in community workshops (n = 10); and pile sort activities within semi-structured individual interviews (n = 40). Each method was stratified by age (25–45 year, 46–65 year and ≥ 65 year) and ethnic group (first nations or not). About 600 preparations and single-ingredient foods were identified that differed both in frequency and variety by region. The foods most consumed and liked (n = 24–27) were ranked in terms of sustainability for public nutrition purposes. Methods originally designed to collect information about plants of indigenous peoples can be extended to collect data on the variety of existing traditional culinary preparations, globally. Context, both geographical and cultural, matters for understanding food variety, and its subsequent use in the design of healthy and sustainable diet interventions.

English Vocabulary in the Mind of Student

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Suharyanto H Soro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
English Class ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

Lecturer plays an important role in teaching Englishas a foreign language, in spite of the success of teaching English itself depends on the many factors, one of them is students’ participation in the English class. In the other words, the teaching of English becomes useful and more systematically when the lecturer is fully aware of the aims and values of teaching of English subject since the core principle of any teaching  is “know what you do and only do what you know”. Hence it is essential to understand the aims and values of teaching English. In linguistics study,performance and competence are different, competence is study about language rules in the abstract form or one’s capacity to use a language, while performance is the application of one’s ability in the concrete form, or the actual application of this competence in speaking or listening. Chomsky (1965:18) said that  performance is the effect or the application of competence. Further he said that clearly, the actual data of linguistic performance will provide much evidence for determining the correctness of hypotheses about underlining linguistic structure. Notice the following figure. The data collection procedures in the present study are based on classroom participant observation, student interviews, and questionnaire  are the primary sources of data collection. As a point of departure, unstructured interviews conducted with English and students to gain initial understanding of the learning English as a foreign language. This also serves as a pilot study, paving the way for designing the guidelines for the semi structured individual interviews. Notes taken in these unstructured interviews were included in the data analysis. Taking lecture involves the lecturer and the students in formal setting. Lecturer is one who transfers special knowledge (English teaching materials) to his students in form of academic setting. They are engaged in academic norms, for example lecturer has qualified education (magister or doctorate degree) and the students  have already registered their status as a university student. The lecturer’s function is threefold. In the presentation stage of the material, the lecturer serves as a model, setting up situations in which the need for the target structure is created and modeling the new structure for students to repeat. The lecturer was required to be skillful manipulator, using questions, commands, and other cues to elicit correct sentences from the students. The students wanted the lecturer to give more opportunities for English practice. They can learn from mistakes and develop in real situation. Role play is one of methods can be applied in teaching English. The students like this methods (96%) because they can imitate and practice their English pronunciation.

scholarly journals Social Tourism 'In Practice': The Tourist Experience of Homeless People in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1038
Author(s):  
Jordania de Oliveira Eugenio ◽  
◽  
Bernardo Lazary Cheibub ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Extension Program

When they are disregarded as citizens, people on the street seem to be invisible with regard to their rights, while in their daily lives their presence causes discomfort, generating the inverse of invisibility. This work, when undertaking tourism as a social right, describes how the tourist experiences of a group of homeless people - assisted by a public social assistance agency, in partnership with a UFF extension program - took place, which they visited tourist attractions in the metropolitan region of Rio. In addition to contact with authors / research that dealt with the reality of people living on the streets, the theoretical basis intertwined the themes of the Right to Leisure and the City, the Tourist Experience and Social Tourism. The analyzes carried out from ethnographic bases, including participant observation and interviews with a semi-structured script, indicated that tourist experiences seem to have aroused affective memories that work for this group as a means of resistance to the condition in which they find themselves. Even so, some experiences were crossed by serious situations of prejudice and discrimination, directed by conventional visitors to the group.

LESSON STUDY AS A PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING THE PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY TEACHERS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Conceição ◽  
◽  
Mónica Baptista ◽  
, João Pedro da Ponte ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Teachers Professional Development

This research aimed to understand what physics and chemistry pre-service teachers learn within pedagogical content knowledge in a lesson study with the topic speed of sound, 8th grade. Participants were three pre-service teachers. This was a qualitative and interpretative study. Data were collected from participant observation, individual interviews and individual written reflections. Results showed that the participants developed their pedagogical content knowledge, when they identified the students’ prior knowledge and when they discussed strategies to help students overcome their difficulties. Keywords: initial teacher education, lesson study, pre-service teachers, professional development, science education.

scholarly journals Tourism, Representation and Compensation among the Dukha Reindeer Herders of Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 608-615
Author(s):  
Jean Hatcherson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Pile Sort ◽  
Northern Mongolia

AbstractIncreasingly, tourists come to northern Mongolia to visit the camps of the Dukha reindeer herders, a small group often characterized as primitive and disappearing. The year-round entry of tourists to Dukha camps is unregulated; the timing and context of these encounters, including compensation and accommodation, unpredictable. Some herders leverage dominant cultural and social capital, gaining more visitors and more opportunities to earn cash. However, while visits bolster the local economy, these cross-cultural contacts may disrupt traditional socio-cultural identities, migration patterns and egalitarian norms. This qualitative, interpretive study used guided, open-ended interviews (N=30), a modified pile sort and participant observation to examine reindeer herders’ perceptions of tourist visits and gift giving. Results show Dukha most involved with tourists have a positive attitude toward their visits. As tourists generally stay only two to four days, negative outcomes vis-a-vis gifts, cultural misrepresentations and economic compensation currently appear minimized. However, as visits increase, taiga tourism would further benefit from Dukha owned and controlled economic and ethnographic initiatives.

The intimate-mobility entanglement: Subaltern trajectories in the Haitian-Dominican borderlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442093072
Author(s):  
Masaya Llavaneras Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Intimate Violence ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Spatial Trajectories ◽  
The Way

This article argues that intimacy and human (im)mobilities are interrelated, and that this relationship is integral to the way borders function and are experienced. I propose the concept of intimate-mobility entanglement to describe this relationship of interdependence. Based on primary research conducted with Haitian domestic workers that work in the Dominican Republic (DR), the article illustrates how intimate labour functions as a driver and a strategy for human (im)mobility. The article characterizes the interactions between (im)mobility and intimacy as a relationship of entanglement that is observable in domestic work, childrearing, intimate violence, border crossing and access to the right to nationality. The article centers on the spatial trajectory of Marie, a Haitian woman who works as a domestic worker in a Dominican border town after having lived and worked in several towns in the DR for twenty years. Marie’s spatial trajectories illuminate how the intimate-mobility entanglement is integral to the Dominican border regime. Through individual interviews, participant observation and mapping Marie’s journeys through Haitian and Dominican territories, the article revisits her spatial trajectories and sheds light on the dual relationship between the intimate-mobility entanglement and the border regime. On the one hand, the entanglement intervenes in the way the border is reinforced in the actual border strip while it also stretches out into Dominican territory. On the other, the border regime conditions Marie’s labour, how she moves and settles down, and influences how intimate labours are carried out and experienced. Building on a tradition of feminist and subaltern geographies, as well as on mobilities literature, the article presents a contextualized analysis of the politics of subaltern mobilities and explains how intimacy and intimate labours are critical aspects of how borders work.

scholarly journals From Farm to Fork: Assessing the Sustainability of Traditional Culinary Preparations to Promote Healthy and Sustainable Diets in Chile's Metropolitan Region (P03-005-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kanter ◽  
Viviana Azúa ◽  
Mariana León Villagra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Sustainable Diet

Abstract Objectives The high prevalences of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Chile, with increasing climate change, signal an urgent need for novel analyses to characterize sustainable diets. Therefore, the study objective was to describe the sustainability of 24 highly consumed and liked traditional Chilean culinary preparations (dishes) as perceived by those in the Metropolitan Region (RM). Methods Pre-existing methods on documenting traditional food systems were adapted, and combined with the FAO's 5 criteria for sustainable diets (culture, nutrition, environment, physical, and economic access). In 2018, 40 individual semi-structured interviews were done by an ethnographer/anthropologist, 8 per age (25–45 y, 45–64 y, > 65 y) or ethnic (first nations or not) group. Each interview involved tasks about 24 traditional dishes (card sort exercises per sustainable diet criteria; and brief surveys to assess diet and taste preferences), was recorded, and transcribed. Based on the positive associations between a dish and the 5 sustainable diet criteria, an average sustainability score (0–100%) was calculated by dish. ATLAS.ti v. 8.3.1 was used to conduct the study analyses. Results The traditional dishes identified as the most sustainable were: fruits (91%); salads (90%); scrambled eggs with tomato/onion (82%); vegetable soup (78%), and legumes (78%). With fish soup (52%), shredded beef (48%) and empanadas (39%) as the least sustainable. Of the 5 sustainable diet criteria, the environment dimension was the most difficult for participants to think about in relation to diet, and thus, verbally expound upon. Two-thirds of participants thought that no dish produced any environmental impact. Others erroneously confused environmental impact with health problems or with household contamination from cooking fried foods. The livestock and fishing industries were often cited as having negative environmental impacts. Conclusions Chileans in the RM can identify traditional dishes, largely based on primary agricultural products that are both healthy and sustainable. The finding that many lacked an understanding of how diet may be linked to the concept of sustainability; and more specifically, to environmental impacts signals an important need for more education and awareness regarding how sustainability relates to diet. Funding Sources CONICYT-FONDECYT Initiation Project.

scholarly journals Understanding Socio-Ecological Vulnerability to Climatic Change through a Trajectories of Change Approach: A Case Study from an Indigenous Community in Panama

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Li ◽  
James Ford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Community Workshops

Abstract This paper identifies and characterizes vulnerability to climatic change in the Ngöbe-Buglé Indigenous community of Playitas, Panama, using a “trajectories of change” approach. Playitas is a community composed of swidden forest farmers that is undergoing rapid rates of change as a result of demographic shifts, regional development, and climate change. Working in collaboration with a community organization, various methods were used to identify and characterize livelihoods, social-ecological dynamics, environmental change, and behavioral responses to change, with the aim of informing future planning in the community. Qualitative methods included semistructured interviews (n = 26), community workshops, and participant observation. Causal-loop diagrams based on field data and the perceptions of community members were created to model trajectories of change. The research reveals that change is driven by both internal and external factors and that the responses of community members create both reinforcing and balancing feedback loops that overall generate increased stress in agricultural systems, social structures, and environmental components. Although community members historically relied on social relationships, Indigenous knowledge, and remoteness as sources of resilience to external disturbances, climate change is acting as a “multiplier” of their existing vulnerabilities and is undermining their capacity to adapt to current and future climatic changes.

Well-Being in Dinka Refugee Women of Southern Sudan

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha B. Baird ◽  
Joyceen S. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Health And Well Being

The purpose of this study was to understand the health and well-being of Sudanese refugee women who were resettled with their children to the United States. The design was an interpretive ethnography using individual interviews and participant observation with extensive field notes. The findings describe personal factors as well as community and social conditions that influenced the health and well-being of the refugee women and their families. These influences are captured in the three themes that emerged from the study: (1) liminality—living between two cultures, (2) self-support—standing on our own two legs, and (3) hope for the future. These themes describe a process of how refugee women achieve well-being in the transition to a new country and culture. The study contributes to our theoretical understanding of how to develop culturally congruent interventions for resettled refugees.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants Used in Mapuche Traditional Medicine in Araucanía, Chile: Linking Sociocultural and Religious Values with Local Heath Practices

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Costanza Torri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Individual Interviews

The vast majority of the medicinal plants in Chile have been studied from a pharmacological point of view. These studies, although giving important insights into the understanding of the Mapuche’s traditional medicine in terms of the therapeutical value of the plants, fail, however, to portray the numerous sociocultural and symbolic aspects of this form of medicine. This article aims to overcome this shortcoming by analyzing the sociocultural and religious values of medicinal plants among the Mapuche’s rural communities in Araucanía, Chile, as well as their role in traditional medicine. The methods utilized combined participant observation with individual interviews with local shamans (machi) and villagers. Data from free-list interviews and conversations with research participants were used to develop a series of semi-structured interview questions on knowledge of herbal medicines and plants. Data show that the therapeutic efficacy of Mapuche medicine is not only based on ‘‘active agents’’ but is also related to the symbolic and religious meaning attributed to the treatments by healers and patients. The article concludes that in order to fully understand the therapeutic efficacy of the plants, it is thus necessary to comprehend the sociocultural context in which they are used.

scholarly journals “Don’t Be a Son of a Bitch, Stand Up and Get What You Need”: Understanding Italian Young Adults’ Identity through Insults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Eleonora Colzani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Ethnography Of Communication ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Communicative Practice

This qualitative study, grounded in the ethnography of communication, aims to describe how Italian young adults construct their individual and group identity through the use of insults. The existing literature has extensively investigated the communicative practice of insults, but no research has been done so far on insults in relation to the construction of identity in Italy. Therefore, this study enriches the literature, taking a linguistic, communicative, and pragmatic approach to the topic. In order to collect data, I conducted participant observation, one focus group, and three individual interviews. I applied thematic analysis to analyze the data. By interpreting members’ meanings, I identified four main functions of insults: construction of identity through gender; construction of identity depending on social context; construction of identity through the light use of insults; and construction of identity through the offensive use of insults.

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