scholarly journals Honey and Its Phenolic Compounds as an Effective Natural Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases in Humans?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Honey is a sweet, viscous syrup produced by the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It is probably the first natural sweetener ever discovered, and is currently used as a nutritious food supplement and medicinal agent. The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize and update the current knowledge regarding the role of honey in CVDs based on various experimental models. It also describes the role of its phenolic compounds in treating CVDs. Many such phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and caffeic acid, have antioxidant and anti-platelet potential, and hence may ameliorate cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through various mechanisms, such as by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting blood platelet activation. However, as the phenolic content of a particular type of honey is not always known, it can be difficult to determine whether any observed effects on the human cardiovascular system may be associated with the consumption of honey or its constituents. Therefore, further experiments in this area are needed.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome in Chemotherapy-Induced Neurocognitive Disorders and Cardiovascular Toxicity

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Sona Ciernikova ◽  
Michal Mego ◽  
Michal Chovanec
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity

Chemotherapy, targeting not only malignant but also healthy cells, causes many undesirable side effects in cancer patients. Due to this fact, long-term cancer survivors often suffer from late effects, including cognitive impairment and cardiovascular toxicity. Chemotherapy damages the intestinal mucosa and heavily disrupts the gut ecosystem, leading to gastrointestinal toxicity. Animal models and clinical studies have revealed the associations between intestinal dysbiosis and depression, anxiety, pain, impaired cognitive functions, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a possible link between chemotherapy-induced gut microbiota disruption and late effects in cancer survivors has been proposed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of preclinical and clinical findings regarding the emerging role of the microbiome and the microbiota–gut–brain axis in chemotherapy-related late effects affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and heart functions. Importantly, we provide an overview of clinical trials evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer survivorship. Moreover, the beneficial effects of probiotics in experimental models and non-cancer patients with neurocognitive disorders and cardiovascular diseases as well as several studies on microbiota modulations via probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation in cancer patients are discussed.

scholarly journals Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson Daba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Global Marketplace

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. 2020. Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 70-77. As a traditional medicine, Cordyceps has long been used in Asian nations for maintaining vivacity and boosting immunity. Numerous publications on various bioactivities of Cordyceps have been investigated in both in-vitro as well as in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the role of Cordyceps is still arguable whether it acts as food supplement for health benefits or a real healing drug that can be prescribed in medicine. The Cordyceps industry has developed greatly and offers thousands of products, commonly available in a global marketplace. In this review, focus will be on introducing the ecology of Cordyceps and their classification. Moreover, elucidation of the richness of extracts originated from this mushroom in nutritional components was presented, with description of the chemical compounds of Cordyceps and its well-known compounds such as cordycepin, and cordycepic acid. Furthermore, highlights on natural growth and artificial cultivation of famous Cordyceps species were presented. The health benefits and reported bioactivities of Cordyceps species as promising antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, organ protective agent, and enhancer for organ function were presented.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Rationale for Targeting IL-17 in Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Farah Rahmawati ◽  
Maurice te Velde ◽  
Huib A. M. Kerstjens ◽  
Alexander S. S. Dömling ◽  
Matthew Robert Groves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Bronchial Biopsies

Asthma is a respiratory disease that currently affects around 300 million people worldwide and is defined by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, mucus overproduction, chest tightness, and expiratory airflow limitation. Increased levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) have been observed in sputum, nasal and bronchial biopsies, and serum of patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. Patients with higher levels of IL-17 have a more severe asthma phenotype. Biologics are available for T helper 2 (Th2)-high asthmatics, but the Th17-high subpopulation has a relatively low response to these treatments, rendering it a rather severe asthma phenotype to treat. Several experimental models suggest that targeting the IL-17 pathway may be beneficial in asthma. Moreover, as increased activation of the Th17/IL-17 axis is correlated with reduced inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) sensitivity, targeting the IL-17 pathway might reverse ICS unresponsiveness. In this review, we present and discuss the current knowledge on the role of IL-17 in asthma and its interaction with the Th2 pathway, focusing on the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the IL-17 pathway.

scholarly journals Evolving Role of Microparticles in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fina Lovren ◽  
Subodh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Wide Range

BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the development and progression of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Various human studies have identified that measures of endothelial dysfunction may offer prognostic information with respect to vascular events. Microparticles (MPs) are a heterogeneous population of small membrane fragments shed from various cell types. The endothelium is one of the primary targets of circulating MPs, and MPs isolated from blood have been considered biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation. CONTENT This review summarizes current knowledge of the potential functional role of circulating MPs in promoting endothelial dysfunction. Cells exposed to different stimuli such as shear stress, physiological agonists, proapoptotic stimulation, or damage release MPs, which contribute to endothelial dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies indicate that MPs may trigger endothelial dysfunction by disrupting production of nitric oxide release from vascular endothelial cells and subsequently modifying vascular tone. Circulating MPs affect both proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic processes in endothelial cells. In addition, MPs can promote coagulation and inflammation or alter angiogenesis and apoptosis in endothelial cells. SUMMARY MPs play an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction and may prove to be true biomarkers of disease state and progression.

scholarly journals Squalene: More than a Step toward Sterols

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Micera ◽  
Alfonso Botto ◽  
Federica Geddo ◽  
Susanna Antoniotti ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Cellular Models

Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention lines focused on its features. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about endogenous and exogenous sources of SQ and to point out the controversial role of SQ in cardiovascular physiology.

scholarly journals Circular RNA-Centered Regulatory Networks in the Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
André F. Gabriel ◽  
Marina C. Costa ◽  
Francisco J. Enguita
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Rnas ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Non-coding regulatory RNAs are generated as a core output of the eukaryotic genomes, being essential players in cell biology. At the organism level, they are key functional actors in those tissues and organs with limited proliferation capabilities such as the heart. The role of regulatory networks mediated by non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular conditions is starting to be unveiled. However, a deeper knowledge of the functional interactions among the diverse non-coding RNA families and their phenotypic consequences is required. This review presents the current knowledge about the functional crosstalk between circRNAs and other biomolecules in the framework of the cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Irisin: A New Code Uncover the Relationship of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Health During Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlian Ma ◽  
Haichao Ding ◽  
Yuting Deng ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Exercise not only produces beneficial effects on muscle itself via various molecular pathways, but also mediates the interaction between muscles and other organs in an autocrine/paracrine manner through myokines, which plays a positive role in maintaining overall health. Irisin, an exercise-derived myokine, has been found involved in the regulation of some cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between irisin and cardiovascular health is not fully elucidated and there are some divergences on the regulation of irisin by exercise. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the origin and physiology of irisin, describe the regulation of irisin by acute and chronic exercises, and discuss the divergences of the related research results. Importantly, we discuss the role of irisin as a biomarker in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and describe its treatment and molecular mechanism in some cardiovascular diseases. It is expected that irisin will be used as a therapeutic agent to combat cardiovascular diseases or other disorders caused by inactivity in the near future.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Scenario and Future Prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravirajsinh Jadeja ◽  
Ranjitsinh V. Devkar ◽  
Srinivas Nammi
Keyword(s):  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Current Scenario

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multifactorial disease and has close correlations with other metabolic disorders. This makes its treatment difficult using a single pharmacological drug. Use of plant extract/decoction or polyherbal formulation to treat various liver diseases is very well mentioned in various traditional systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Japanese or traditional Chinese Medicine, and Kampo medicine). Medicinal herbs are known for their multifaceted implications and thus can form an effective treatment schedule against NASH. Till date, several plant extracts, polyherbal formulations, and phytochemicals have been evaluated for their possible therapeutic potential in preventing onset and progression of NASH in experimental models, but clinical studies using the same are sparse. Herbal extracts with antioxidants, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties have been shown to ameliorate symptoms of NASH. This review article is a meticulous compilation of our current knowledge on the role of natural products in alleviating NASH and possible lacunae in research that needs to be addressed.

scholarly journals Role of miRNA in the Regulatory Mechanisms of Estrogens in Cardiovascular Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pérez-Cremades ◽  
Ana Mompeón ◽  
Xavier Vidal-Gómez ◽  
Carlos Hermenegildo ◽  
Susana Novella
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Protein Coding

Cardiovascular diseases are a worldwide health problem and are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Together with experimental data, the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in women than in men of reproductive age points to the influence of sex hormones at the cardiovascular level and suggests that estrogens play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and that this role is also modified by ageing. Estrogens affect cardiovascular function via their specific estrogen receptors to trigger gene expression changes at the transcriptional level. In addition, emerging studies have proposed a role for microRNAs in the vascular effects mediated by estrogens. miRNAs regulate gene expression by repressing translational processes and have been estimated to be involved in the regulation of approximately 30% of all protein-coding genes in mammals. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of the role of estrogen-sensitive miRNAs, and their influence in regulating vascular ageing.

scholarly journals Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne F. L. van den Broek ◽  
Ilke De Boeck ◽  
Filip Kiekens ◽  
An Boudewyns ◽  
Olivier M. Vanderveken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Clinical Potential

SUMMARYThe microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) protects the host from bacterial pathogenic colonization by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by immune response regulation that includes the activation of antimicrobial and (anti-)inflammatory components. However, environmental or host factors can modify the microbiota to an unstable community that predisposes the host to infection or inflammation. One of the URT diseases most often encountered in children is otitis media (OM). The role of pathogenic bacteria likeStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalisin the pathogenesis of OM is well documented. Results from next-generation-sequencing (NGS) studies reveal other bacterial taxa involved in OM, such asTuricellaandAlloiococcus. Such studies can also identify bacterial taxa that are potentially protective against URT infections, whose beneficial action needs to be substantiated in relevant experimental models and clinical trials. Of note, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are members of the URT microbiota and associated with a URT ecosystem that is deemed healthy, based on NGS and some experimental and clinical studies. These observations have formed the basis of this review, in which we describe the current knowledge of the molecular and clinical potential of LAB in the URT, which is currently underexplored in microbiome and probiotic research.

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