scholarly journals Dietary Supplements: Which Place between Food and Drugs?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Catherine Féart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Aging Societies ◽  
The Life Course

Healthy dietary habits and food choices, a part of lifestyle, are recognized as major environmental factors for the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases over the life course; their modifiable features promise a reduced socio-economic global burden load in aging societies [...]

Conscientiousness and Health across the Life Course

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Kate E. Walton ◽  
Tim Bogg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Health Process

This article provides an overview of the role conscientiousness plays in the health process over the life course. The authors describe their research on the underlying structure of conscientiousness and how conscientiousness predicts social environmental factors and health behaviors that have a known relationship to health and longevity. The authors then show that conscientiousness continues to develop in young adulthood, midlife, and even potentially in old age. Finally, they show that the life paths and health behaviors that are associated with health are also associated with changes in conscientiousness across the life course.

scholarly journals How Are Epigenetic Modifications Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9949
Author(s):  
Mojgan Gharipour ◽  
Arya Mani ◽  
Mona Amini Baghbahadorani ◽  
Camila Kellen de Souza Cardoso ◽  
Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Life Course

The rate of aging has increased globally during recent decades and has led to a rising burden of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). At the molecular level, epigenetic modifications have been shown recently to alter gene expression during the life course and impair cellular function. In this regard, several CVD risk factors, such as lifestyle and environmental factors, have emerged as key factors in epigenetic modifications within the cardiovascular system. In this study, we attempted to summarized recent evidence related to epigenetic modification, inflammation response, and CVD in older adults as well as the effect of lifestyle modification as a preventive strategy in this age group. Recent evidence showed that lifestyle and environmental factors may affect epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA expression. Several substances or nutrients such as selenium, magnesium, curcumin, and caffeine (present in coffee and some teas) could regulate epigenetics. Similarly, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, air pollutants, psychological stress, and shift working are well-known modifiers of epigenetic patterns. Understanding the exact ways that lifestyle and environmental factors could affect the expression of genes could help to influence the time of incidence and severity of aging-associated diseases. This review highlighted that a healthy lifestyle throughout the life course, such as a healthy diet rich in fibers, vitamins, and essential elements, and specific fatty acids, adequate physical activity and sleep, smoking cessation, and stress control, could be useful tools in preventing epigenetic changes that lead to impaired cardiovascular function.

scholarly journals Neurobiology and the development of violence: common assumptions and controversies

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1503) ◽  
pp. 2491-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Loeber ◽  
Dustin Pardini
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

This paper addresses four common assumptions and related controversies regarding neurobiological factors explaining violence: (i) scholars often assume stability of individual differences in neurobiological factors pertaining to violence, yet much change occurs in aggression/violence during the life course, (ii) individual differences in aggression/violence reflect one or more underlying mechanisms that are believed to have neurobiological origins, yet there is little agreement about which underlying mechanisms apply best, (iii) the development of aggression/violence to some degree can be explained by social, individual, economic and environmental factors, yet it is unclear to what extent neurobiological factors can explain the escalation to, and desistance from, violence over and above social, individual, economic and environmental factors, and (iv) violence waxes and wanes in society over time, yet the explanation of secular differences in violence by means of neurobiological and other factors is not clear. Longitudinal analyses from the Pittsburgh Youth Study are used to illustrate several of these issues.

Exploring Workforce Participation Patterns and Chronic Diseases Among Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women Over the Life Course

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Majeed ◽  
Peta M. Forder ◽  
Gita Mishra ◽  
Hal Kendig ◽  
Julie E. Byles
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspective. Method: We used data from 1,261 middle-aged participants of the Australian Life Histories and Health (LHH) Survey, aged 60 to 64 years in 2011. Latent class analysis identified dominant workforce patterns and associations between chronic diseases and these patterns were explored by multinomial regression models. Results: Diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis were less prevalent in men and women in class “mostly full-time work,” compared with other workforce patterns. The odds of “mostly full-time work” were lower for men reporting depression or arthritis, whereas among women, depression was associated with “increasing part-time work” after adjusting early and adult life factors. Discussion: The results strengthen the importance of gender focused policies aimed to promote and preserve health of young and middle-aged workers, and creating supportive environment for those with chronic health issues over the life course.

scholarly journals The Life Course: An interdisciplinary framework for broadening the scope of research on crowdwork

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 43-75
Author(s):  
Anoush Margaryan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Life Course

This paper reports outcomes of a systematic scoping review of methodological approaches and analytical lenses used in empirical research on crowdwork. Over the past decade a growing corpus of publications spanning Social Sciences and Computer Science/HCI have empirically examined the nature of work practices and tasks within crowdwork; surfaced key individual and environmental factors underpinning workers’ decisions to engage in this form of work; developed and implemented tools to improve and extend various aspects of crowdwork, such as the design and allocation of tasks and incentives or workflows within the platforms; and contributed new techniques and know-how on data collection within crowdwork, for example, how to conduct large-scale surveys and experiments in behavioural psychology, economics or education drawing on crowdworker samples. Our initial reading of the crowdwork literature suggested that research had relied on a limited set of relatively narrow methodological approaches, mostly online experiments, surveys and interviews. Importantly, crowdwork research has tended to examine workers’ experiences as snapshots in time rather than studying these longitudinally or contextualising them historically, environmentally and developmentally. This piece-meal approach has given the research community initial descriptions and interpretations of crowdwork practices and provided an important starting point in a nascent field of study. However, the depth of research in the various areas, and the missing pieces, have yet to be systematically scoped out. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the analytical-methodological approaches used in crowdwork research identifying gaps in these approaches. We argue that to take crowdwork research to the next level it is essential to examine crowdwork practices within the context of both individual and historical-environmental factors impacting it. To this end, methodological approaches that bridge sociological, psychological, individual, collective, online, offline, and temporal processes and practices of crowdwork are needed. The paper proposes the Life Course perspective as an interdisciplinary framework that can help address these gaps and advance research on crowdwork. The paper concludes by proposing a set of Life Course-inspired research questions to guide future studies of crowdwork.

Human Development in the Life Course

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Zittoun ◽  
Jaan Valsiner ◽  
Dankert Vedeler ◽  
Joao Salgado ◽  
Miguel M. Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
The Life Course
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