scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin II: Evidence from In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Alessandra Gabriel ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Current preventative and treatment approaches to insulin resistance and T2DM lack in efficacy, resulting in the need for new approaches to prevent and treat the disease. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects, including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, and curcuminoids have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review (II of II) summarizes the existing in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic effects of curcumin.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin I: Evidence from In Vitro Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Alessandra Gabriel ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Current preventative and treatment strategies for T2DM and insulin resistance lack in efficacy resulting in the need for new approaches to prevent and manage/treat the disease better. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, and curcuminoids have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review (I of II) summarizes the existing in vitro studies examining the antidiabetic effects of curcumin, while a second (II of II) review summarizes evidence from existing in vivo animal studies and clinical trials focusing on curcumin’s antidiabetic properties.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Naringenin: A Citrus Fruit Polyphenol

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and is associated with personal health and global economic burdens. Current strategies/approaches of insulin resistance and T2DM prevention and treatment are lacking in efficacy resulting in the need for new preventative and targeted therapies. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in vegetables and fruits are associated with health benefits including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of naringenin.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vlavcheski ◽  
Mariah Young ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Insulin resistance, a pathological condition characterized by defects in insulin action leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease which is currently on the rise that pose an enormous economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The current treatment and prevention strategies are considerably lacking in number and efficacy and therefore new targeted therapies and preventative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals such as metformin, derived from the French lilac, have been used to treat/manage insulin resistance and T2DM. Other plant-derived chemicals which are not yet discovered, may have superior properties to prevent and manage T2DM and thus research into this area is highly justifiable. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical found in olive leaves and olive oil reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The present review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic properties of hydroxytyrosol and investigating the mechanisms of its action.

scholarly journals Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto ◽  
John H. Muyonga ◽  
Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga ◽  
Anika E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Resveratrol in Kidney Disease: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer

Different diseases and disorders that affect the kidneys include, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, renal fibrosis, sepsis, and renal cell carcinoma. Kidney disease tends to develop over many years, making it difficult to identify until much later when kidney function is severely impaired and undergoing kidney failure. Although conservative care, symptom management, medication, dialysis, transplantation, and aggressive renal cancer therapy are some of the current strategies/approaches to kidney disease treatment, new preventative targeted therapies are needed. Epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with health benefits including protection against kidney disease and renal cancer. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes and berries, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies examining the nephroprotective effects of resveratrol.

scholarly journals The Cross-talk Relationship between Metformin and Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyder O. Mirghani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Current Review

Background: Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its mode of action is poorly defined. There is an increasing awareness regarding the cross talk of gut microbiota and metformin. The current review aimed to assess the bidirectional relationship between metformin and gut microbiota. Methods: Electronic search was conducted in Pub Med and the first 100 articles in Google Scholar published until November 2019. However, only randomized controlled trials on humans published in the English language were included.  The terms “gut microbiota,” “gut flora "and “ metformin” were as keywords to perform the search. Although 124 articles were retrieved, only six met the inclusion criteria of the study. Results: Of the six full texts of randomized controlled trials included in the study, two-thirds were published in Europe, one in the USA, and one in China. Six hundred-thirty five patients were included and the duration of the studies ranged from seven days to six months. The studies concluded that microbiota modulates some metformin actions on plasma glucose; while metformin enhances the abundance of microbiota that positively affect insulin resistance and plasma glucose. Conclusion: The current review showed that microbiota dysbiosis may mediate metformin antidiabetic effects. Whereas metformin shifted the gut microbiota toward the beneficial species ameliorating insulin resistance. The present study might provide insights into a novel therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: gut microbiota, metformin, type 2 diabetes

scholarly journals Intervention of Gastrodin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Ke Mo ◽  
Guirong Wang ◽  
Wanling Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Index

As a severe metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a serious threat to human health in recent years. Gastrodin, as a primary chemical constituent in Gastrodia elata Blume, has antidiabetic effects. However, the possible mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of gastrodin on the treatment of T2DM. In vivo, after treatment with gastrodin for 6 weeks, fasting blood glucose levels, blood lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity index values were remarkably reduced compared with those of the diabetic control group. The values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase also showed that gastrodin alleviates liver toxicity caused by diabetes. Moreover, gastrodin relieved pathological damage to the pancreas in T2DM rats. In vitro, gastrodin alleviated insulin resistance by increasing glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and glycogen content in dexamethasone-induced HepG2 cells. The Western blotting results showed that gastrodin upregulated the expression of insulin receptors and ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) and increased the phosphorylation of GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) and protein kinase B (AKT) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, gastrodin decreased the ubiquitin level of the insulin receptor via UPS4 and increased the binding of GATA1 to the USP4 promoter. Additionally, administration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors MK-2206 and LY294002 abolished the beneficial effects of gastrodin. Our results indicate that gastrodin promotes the phosphorylation of GATA1 via the PI3K/AKT pathway, enhances the transcriptional activity of GATA1, and then increases the expression level of USP4, thereby reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of insulin receptors and ultimately improving insulin resistance. Our study provides scientific evidence for the beneficial actions and underlying mechanism of gastrodin in the treatment of T2DM.

Correlation of HbA1c levels and diabetic neuropathy complications in diabetes mellitus patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
pp. S293-S298
Author(s):  
Anisatul Hamida ◽  
Laily Irfana ◽  
Detty Nur Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insulin Regulation ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by impairments in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and/or impaired insulin regulation by the body (insulin resistance). Inadequate management of DM can be a trigger of several complications, such as diabetic neuropathy.

Methods of Measuring Insulin Sensitivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Trout ◽  
Carol Homko ◽  
Nancy C. Tkacs
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Health Disorders

Insulin resistance is a component of several health disorders, most notably impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin-resistant individuals have an impaired biological response to the usual action of insulin; that is, they have reduced insulin sensitivity. Various methods are used to assess insulin sensitivity both in individuals and in study populations. Validity, reproducibility, cost, and degree of subject burden are important factors for both clinicians and researchers to consider when weighing the merits of a particular method. This article describes several in vivo methods used to assess insulin sensitivity and presents the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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