scholarly journals Observed Dietary Intake in Adults with Intellectual Disability Living in Group Homes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Nur Hana Hamzaid ◽  
Helen T. O’Connor ◽  
Victoria M. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Group Homes ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Dairy Foods

Background: There is limited information on the dietary intakes of people with intellectual disability (ID) living in group homes. Objective: To describe and evaluate dietary intake in people with ID. Method: Dietary intake was assessed in a convenience sample of people with ID living in group homes. Dietary assessment used three-day weighed food records and digital food photography. Intakes were compared to the Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) and dietary recommendations. Results: A sample of 33 adults, (men (M): n = 14; women (W): n = 19), mean age 51 ± 14 years, was recruited from seven group homes. Mean daily energy intake was low (M: 7.4 MJ; W: 7.0 MJ; p = 0.46), similar to levels recommended for bed rest. Many participants had intakes below the estimated average requirements (EARs) for the nutrients, magnesium (M: 86%; W: 63%), calcium (M: 43%; W: 78%), iodine (M: 43%; W: 47%) and zinc (M: 43%). Less than half of the recommended daily servings were consumed for vegetables (men and women) and dairy foods (women). Conclusion: Nutrient intake and diet quality of the participants in the group homes studied was poor. Education and policy to support healthier diets is required to improve dietary intake of people with intellectual disability, living in group homes.

scholarly journals Comparison of children's dietary intake patterns with US dietary guidelines

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Brady ◽  
Christine H. Lindquist ◽  
Sara L. Herd ◽  
Michael I. Goran
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
American Children

Monitoring dietary intake patterns among children is important in order to explore and prevent the onset of adult health problems. The aim of the present study was to compare children's dietary intakes with national recommendations and to determine whether sex or ethnic differences were evident. This was done using a methodology that allows assessment of intake from the major components of the Food Guide Pyramid developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA: ). The sample studied included 110 African-American and Caucasian males and females (mean age 9·9 years, BMI 20·1 kg/m2) from Birmingham, AL, USA, who were participating in a study investigating the development of obesity. Dietary data were based on three 24 h recalls and food group intake was determined using the USDA Pyramid Servicing Database. The results indicated that a high percentage of subjects failed to meet the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups. For example, only 5 % and 9 % met fruit and dietary group recommendations respectively. Consumption of foods from the Pyramid ‘tip’ (including discretionary fat and added sugar) contributed almost 50 % of the diet. African-Americans were more likely to meet requirements for the meat group, with a higher proportion of Caucasians meeting dietary recommendations. Males were more likely to meet the vegetable group guidelines although females consumed more energy per day from discretionary fat. In conclusion, these results suggest that implementation of nutrition education programmes may be important for promoting healthy nutrition among American children.

scholarly journals Optimizing Adult Protein Intake During Catabolic Health Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S1058-S1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M Phillips ◽  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Donald K Layman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT The DRIs define a range of acceptable dietary intakes for each nutrient. The range is defined from the minimum intake to avoid risk of inadequacy (i.e., the RDA) up to an upper limit (UL) based on a detectable risk of adverse effects. For most nutrients, the minimum RDA is based on alleviating a clear deficiency condition, whereas higher intakes are often recommended to optimize specific health outcomes. Evidence is accumulating that similar logic should be applied to dietary recommendations for protein. Although the RDA for protein of 0.8 g/kg body weight is adequate to avoid obvious inadequacies, multiple studies provide evidence that many adults may benefit from protein quantity, quality, and distribution beyond guidelines currently defined by the RDA. Further, the dietary requirement for protein is a surrogate for the constituent amino acids and, in particular, the 9 considered to be indispensable. Leucine provides an important example of an essential amino acid where the RDA of 42 mg/kg body weight is significantly less than the 100–110 mg/kg required to optimize metabolic regulation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This review will highlight the benefits of higher protein diets to optimize health during aging, inactivity, bed rest, or metabolic dysfunction such as type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Quality of food-frequency questionnaire validation studies in the dietary assessment of children aged 12 to 36 months: a systematic literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Lovell ◽  
Rhodi Bulloch ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
Cameron C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Short Term

AbstractA child's diet is an important determinant of growth and development. Because of this, the accurate assessment of dietary intake in young children remains a challenge. A systematic search of studies validating FFQ methodologies in children 12 to 36 months of age was completed. English-language articles published until March 2016 were searched using three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). Quality assessment of the identified studies was carried out using The Reduced Summary Score and EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) scoring system. Seventeen studies were included and categorised according to whether they reflected long-term (≥7 d) or short-term (<7 d) intake, or used a biomarker. A total score for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients weighted by the study quality score. At least three validation studies per micronutrient were required for inclusion. Fifteen studies (83 %) that considered validity of the FFQ in assessing nutrient intakes had quality scores from 2·5 to 6·0. Of those, ten (67 %) studies found FFQ to have good correlations in assessing dietary intake (>0·4). Of the nutrients with three or more studies available, FFQ validated using a reference method reflecting short-term intake had a good weighted correlation for Ca (0·51), and acceptable weighted correlations for vitamin C (0·31) and Fe (0·33). Semi-quantitative FFQ were shown to be valid and reproducible when estimating dietary intakes at a group level, and are an acceptable instruments for estimating intakes of Ca, vitamin C and Fe in children 12 to 36 months of age.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Intake Among South Asian Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
Nurgul Fitzgerald ◽  
Shailja Mathur
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives To examine the dietary intake patterns of South Asian adults by using three different assessment methods. Methods The participants were a convenience sample of 62 adults from South Asian descent, who lived in the United States and participated in a community-based diabetes self-management program. Dietary intake data were collected through Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24), self-administered Diet History Questionnaire III (self-DHQ), and researcher-administered DHQ III (res-DHQ) (National Cancer Institute). Thirty-seven participants completed ASA24 and self-DHQ back-to-back during in-person sessions, and 25 participants completed res-DHQ through video conferencing sessions with the researcher. Group level data were examined using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results On average, participants’ daily energy intake levels were estimated to be 805.8 ± 551.3, 1686.4 ± 985.9 and 1469.7 ± 887.5 kcal/d by self-DHQ, ASA24, and res-DHQ, respectively. Self-DHQ produced the lowest of the estimates (mean ± SD) for daily protein (28.9 ± 18.8 vs 63.1 ± 35.2, and 53.1 ± 27.9 g/d), carbohydrate (106.4 ± 68.0 vs 224.9 ± 128.4 and 199.9 ± 119.7 g/d), and total fat (31.7 ± 29.2 vs. 63.5 ± 46.5 and 56.2 ± 40.9 g/d) intakes in comparison to ASA24 and res-DHQ, respectively. Conclusions In this study, self-administered DHQ produced substantially lower estimates of daily macronutrient and energy intake levels. The ASA24 or researcher-administered DHQ were relatively more reliable methods of dietary assessment in this sample of South Asian adults. Funding Sources NJ Department of Health, Office of Minority and Multicultural Health.

scholarly journals P794 Nutritional assessment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): development of the Groningen IBD Nutritional Questionnaires (GINQ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S624-S625
Author(s):  
V Peters ◽  
B Alizadeh ◽  
J de Vries ◽  
G Dijkstra ◽  
M Campmans-Kuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Diet plays a key role in the complex aetiology and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most existing nutritional assessment tools neglect intakes of important foods consumed or omitted specifically by IBD patients or incorporate non-Western dietary habits, making development of appropriate dietary guidelines for (Western) IBD patients difficult. Hence, we developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Groningen IBD Nutritional Questionnaires (GINQ-FFQ); suitable to assess dietary intake in IBD patients. Methods To develop the GINQ-FFQ multiple steps (Figure 1) were taken; identification of IBD specific foods, literature search and evaluation of current dietary assessment methods. Expert views were collected and in collaboration with Wageningen University, division of Human Nutrition and Health, this semi-quantitative FFQ was developed using standard methods to obtain a validate questionnaire. Next, the GINQ-FFQ was digitalised into a secure web-based environment which also embeds additional nutritional and IBD-related questions. Results The GINQ-FFQ is an online self-administered FFQ evaluating dietary intake over the past month as a proxy of habitual intake of the previous six months. The GINQ-FFQ consists of 121 questions on 218 food items. It takes about 45 min to fill out the GINQ-FFQ. Conclusion This paper describes the design process of the GINQ-FFQ which is newly developed to assess dietary intakes especially (but not exclusively) in IBD patients.

Food sources of iodine in schoolchildren and relationship with 24-hour urinary iodine excretion in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
K Beckford ◽  
CA Grimes ◽  
C Margerison ◽  
LJ Riddell ◽  
SA Skeaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Iodine Excretion

ABSTRACT Dietary recalls have been used previously to identify food sources of iodine in Australian schoolchildren. Dietary assessment can provide information on the relative contributions of individual food groups which can be related to a robust objective measure of daily intake (24hr urinary iodine excretion (UIE)). In Australia, the government has mandated the use of iodised salt in breadmaking to address iodine deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary intake and food sources of iodine to assess their contribution to iodine excretion (UIE) in a sample of Australian schoolchildren. In 2011-13 UIE was assessed using a single 24-hour urine sample and dietary intake was assessed using one 24-hour dietary recall in a convenience sample of primary schoolchildren from schools in Victoria, Australia. Of the 454 children with a valid recall and urine sample 55% were male (average age 10.1) (1.3(SD) years). Mean (SD) UIE and dietary iodine intake were 108(54) and 172(74) μg/day, respectively. Dietary assessment indicated that bread and milk were the main food sources of iodine, contributing 27% and 25%, respectively, to dietary iodine. Milk but not bread intake was positively associated with UIE. Multiple regression (adjusted for school cluster, age and gender) indicated that for every 100g increase in milk consumption, there was a 3μg/day increase in UIE (β=4.0 (0.9)(SE), P<0.001). In conclusion, both bread and milk were important contributors to dietary iodine intake however consumption of bread was not associated with daily iodine excretion in this group of Australian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Omega-3 Status and Intake in Canadian Elite Rugby 7s Players

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3777
Author(s):  
Ashley Armstrong ◽  
Anthony J. Anzalone ◽  
Wendy Pethick ◽  
Holly Murray ◽  
Dylan T. Dahlquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Concussion Recovery

Background: EPA and DHA n-3 FA play crucial roles in both neurological and cardiovascular health and high dietary intakes along with supplementation suggest potential neuroprotection and concussion recovery support. Rugby athletes have a high risk of repetitive sub-concussive head impacts which may lead to long-term neurological deficits, but there is a lack of research looking into n-3 FA status in rugby players. We examined the dietary n-3 FA intake through a FFQ and n-3 FA status by measuring the percentage of n-3 FA and O3I in elite Canadian Rugby 7s players to show distribution across O3I risk zones; high risk, <4%; intermediate risk, 4 to 8%; and low risk, >8%. Methods: n-3 FA profile and dietary intake as per FFQ were collected at the beginning of the 2017–2018 Rugby 7s season in male (n = 19; 24.84 ± 2.32 years; 95.23 ± 6.93 kg) and female (n = 15; 23.45 ± 3.10 years; 71.21 ± 5.79 kg) athletes. Results: O3I averaged 4.54% ± 1.77, with female athlete scores slightly higher, and higher O3I scores in supplemented athletes (4.82% vs. 3.94%, p = 0.183), with a greater proportion of non-supplemented athletes in the high-risk category (45.5% vs. 39.1%). Dietary intake in non-supplemented athletes did not meet daily dietary recommendations for ALA or EPA + DHA compared to supplemented athletes. Conclusions: Overall, despite supplementation, O3I score remained in the high-risk category in a proportion of athletes who met recommended n-3 FA dietary intakes, and non-supplemented athletes had a higher proportion of O3I scores in the high-risk category, suggesting that dietary intake alone may not be enough and athletes may require additional dietary and n-3 FA supplementation to reduce neurological and cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Dairy food supplementation may reduce malnutrition risk in institutionalised elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Iuliano ◽  
Shirley Poon ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
Minh Bui ◽  
Ego Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Dairy Foods

AbstractMalnutrition in institutionalised elderly increases morbidity and care costs. Meat and dairy foods are high-quality protein sources so adequate intakes may reduce malnutrition risk. We aimed to determine whether inadequate intakes of meat and dairy foods contribute to malnutrition in institutionalised elderly. This cross-sectional study involved 215 elderly residents (70·2 % females, mean age 85·8 years) from twenty-one aged-care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Dietary intake was assessed using observed plate waste. Food groups and serving sizes were based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Nutrient content was analysed using a computerised nutrient analysis software (Xyris). Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) tool; a score between 24 and 30 indicates normal nutritional status. Data were analysed using robust regression. Mean MNA score was 21·6 (sd 2·7). In total, 68 % of residents were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (MNA score≤23·5). Protein intake was 87 (sd 28) % of the Australian recommended dietary intake (RDI). Consumption averaged 1 serving each of dairy foods and meat daily. Number of dairy and meat servings related to proportion of protein RDI (both P<0·001), with the former contributing 13 % and the latter 12 % to protein RDI. Number of dairy servings (P<0·001), but not meat servings increased MNA score; each dairy serving was associated with a 1 point increase in MNA score so based on current intakes, on average if residents consumed the recommend four dairy servings (addition of 3 points to MNA score) they would achieve normal nutrition status (>24 points). Provision of meat and dairy foods did not meet recommended levels. On the basis of current dietary intakes in aged-care residents, increasing consumption of dairy foods to the recommended four servings daily ensures protein adequacy and may reduce malnutrition risk in institutionalised elderly, and so reduce risk of comorbidities and costs associated with malnutrition.

scholarly journals European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1125-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Slimani ◽  
R Kaaks ◽  
P Ferrari ◽  
C Casagrande ◽  
F Clavel-Chapelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million men and women from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessment methods across participating countries. In order to adjust for possible systematic over- or underestimation in dietary intake measurements and correct for attenuation bias in relative risk estimates, a calibration approach was developed. This approach involved an additional dietary assessment common across study populations to re-express individual dietary intakes according to the same reference scale. A single 24-hour diet recall was therefore collected, as the EPIC reference calibration method, from a stratified random sample of 36 900 subjects from the entire EPIC cohort, using a software program (EPIC-SOFT) specifically designed to standardise the dietary measurements across study populations. This paper describes the design and populations of the calibration sub-studies set up in the EPIC centres. In addition, to assess whether the calibration sub-samples were representative of the entire group of EPIC cohorts, a series of subjects’ characteristics known possibly to influence dietary intakes was compared in both population groups. This was the first time that calibration sub-studies had been set up in a large multi-centre European study. These studies showed that, despite certain inherent methodological and logistic constraints, a study design such as this one works relatively well in practice. The average response in the calibration study was 78.3% and ranged from 46.5% to 92.5%. The calibration population differed slightly from the overall cohort but the differences were small for most characteristics and centres. The overall results suggest that, after adjustment for age, dietary intakes estimated from calibration samples can reasonably be interpreted as representative of the main cohorts in most of the EPIC centres.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Its Determinants Among Adults Living in the Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattei ◽  
Tamez ◽  
Bigornia ◽  
Noel ◽  
Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sugary Beverages

There is scarce information regarding the dietary intake of adults living in Puerto Rico (PR). We aimed to assess intake of nutrients and foods, adherence to recommended intake of nutrients and diet quality, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors correlated with diet quality among adults in the San Juan metropolitan area of PR. Data were obtained from participants of the cross-sectional convenience-sample Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases (n = 248; ages 30–75 years). Diet quality was defined using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI; range 0–110 indicating lower–higher quality). Linear regression models were used to relate AHEI to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Most participants met the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for iron, folate, and vitamins B12 and B6; 61% met the EAR for magnesium and 56% for calcium. Only 4% met the EAR for vitamin D, and 7% met the adequate intake for potassium. The main contributors to total energy intake were sugary beverages (11.8%), sweets/desserts (10.2%), dairy (8.5%), mixed dishes (7.6%), starches (6.3%), fast foods (5.5%), and rice (4.9%). The mean (SD) AHEI score was 59.8 (11.0). The lowest AHEI components for which recommended servings were met were red/processed meats, fruit, sodium, sugary beverages, and polyunsaturated fats, and the highest were nuts/legumes, omega-3 fats, and whole grains. Significantly higher AHEI scores were noted for older adults, other ethnicities (vs. Puerto Rican), being single, having some college or higher education, and never/formerly smoking. Adults living in PR report healthy and unhealthy dietary intakes, providing an opportunity to improve diet at the population level.

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