scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet Slows Down the Progression of Aging and Helps to Prevent the Onset of Frailty: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Capurso ◽  
Francesco Bellanti ◽  
Aurelio Lo Buglio ◽  
Gianluigi Vendemiale
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Mediterranean

The aging population is rapidly increasing all over the world. This results in significant implications for the planning and provision of health and social care. Aging is physiologically characterized by a decrease in lean mass, bone mineral density and, to a lesser extent, fat mass. The onset of sarcopenia leads to weakness and a further decrease in physical activity. An insufficient protein intake, which we often observe in patients of advanced age, certainly accelerates the progression of sarcopenia. In addition, many other factors (e.g., insulin resistance, impaired protein digestion and absorption of amino acids) reduce the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, even if the protein intake is adequate. Inadequate intake of foods can also cause micronutrient deficiencies that contribute to the development of frailty. We know that a healthy eating style in middle age predisposes to so-called “healthy and successful” aging, which is the condition of the absence of serious chronic diseases or of an important decline in cognitive or physical functions, or mental health. The Mediterranean diet is recognized to be a “healthy food” dietary pattern; high adherence to this dietary pattern is associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases and lower physical impairment in old age. The aim of our review was to analyze observational studies (cohort and case–control studies) that investigated the effects of following a healthy diet, and especially the effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), on the progression of aging and on onset of frailty.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet: The Need for Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5687
Author(s):  
F. Xavier Medina
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Past Half

The notion of the Mediterranean diet has progressively evolved over the past half a century, from a healthy (coronary) dietary pattern to a model of sustainable diet [...]

Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Joshua S Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

scholarly journals Inadequacy of Protein Intake in Older UK Adults

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Morris ◽  
James D. Cater ◽  
Mark A. Green ◽  
Alexandra M. Johnstone ◽  
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Older Adult Population

The current dietary recommendation for protein intake in the UK is 0.75 g/kg/day, however, this population-wide recommendation does not necessarily reflect altered requirements for older adults to maintain muscle protein synthesis, nor does it encompass the potential impact of intake timing. Optimal muscle protein synthesis in older adults requires both higher intake requirements and a distribution of protein intake above a 25 g threshold, three times across the day. This study aimed to describe the protein intake of older adults in a UK region and compare the results to recommendations. The study re-assessed two existing datasets with rich diet information for older adults in the South Yorkshire area. Data were extracted from food diaries of 256 adults aged between 65 and 89 years old (mean ± SD 72.4 ± 5.3 years). Quantity and timing of intake were coded using Nutritics software and compared to recommendations. The relationship between body mass index (BMI), age, and protein intake was explored. Fewer than 50% of the participants met current UK recommendations (0.75 g/kg/day) and fewer than 15% met the ESPEN 1.2 g/kg/day age-specific recommendation. Only one participant met the 25 g/meal recommendation across three meals. These findings suggest that the older adult population is not achieving recommendations to maintain muscle protein synthesis. Nonetheless it identifies several straightforward opportunities for improvement, notably elevation of morning intake.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mediterranean Diet’s Adherence in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Strisciuglio ◽  
Sabrina Cenni ◽  
Maria Rosaria Serra ◽  
Pasquale Dolce ◽  
Massimo Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background: Nutritional support is very important in the treatment of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The role of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been understudied in children with IBD. The aims of this study were to assess the dietary intakes of IBD children in comparison with healthy controls (HCs), their adherence to MD; and the relationship between inflammation and dietary behaviors. Methods: Paediatric IBD patients in clinical remission and HCs were enrolled. The nutritional status and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was evaluated through a 3-day food diary and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). Results: The analysis of food diaries showed a significantly higher kilocalorie intake in IBD patients compared to HCs (p = 0.012), an increase in carbohydrates (p = 0.015) and in protein intake (p = 0.024). Both IBD and HCs have an intermediate adherence to MD. The comparison between Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients showed significant difference in protein intake in CD patients (p = 0.047), as well as for vitamin D (p = 0.044) and iron intake (p = 0.023). Interestingly; in IBD patients we found a significant association between adherence to MD and a low level of fecal calprotectin (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Children with IBD in remission have a sub-optimal food intake compared to HCs. MD seems to correlate to decreased intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jones ◽  
Janet Cade ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
Darren Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Mediterranean Diet, and Bone Health in Coeliac Disease Patients: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Palmacci ◽  
Elisabetta Toti ◽  
Anna Raguzzini ◽  
Giovina Catasta ◽  
Paola Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Relationship

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a bone loss index in postmenopausal women and as a marker of inflammation in coeliac patients. The aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) on NLR retrospectively and study the relationship between NLR and Mediterranean diet adherence and selected food groups (fruits, vegetables, red meat, potatoes, and unrefined and refined cereals). Adult individuals (n=50), who had been on a strict GFD by at least 6 months, were recruited. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated with two different scores: the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS-14), assessed through the validated 14-item questionnaire of the PREDIMED study, and the MEDScore (Score-55) proposed by Panagiotakos. The latter includes the consumption of unrefined cereals (UC). High percentages of osteopenia and osteoporosis were found within the recruited subjects, who furnished the reports of bone mineral density (BMD), in particular in postmenopausal (Post-M) women. Recent NLR was higher in subjects with osteoporosis compared to osteopenia and normal BMD. However, retrospective analysis showed both increase and decrease in NLR after GFD, with no significant differences between Marsh grade, anemia, and BMD status. Moreover, premenopausal previous pregnancy (Pre-MPP) and Post-M had higher NLR at diagnosis compared to Men and premenopausal (Pre-M), but higher differences were observed in recent NLR between Pre-MPP and Men only. Chocolate consumption was associated with lower recent NLR, whereas the latter was correlated with Score-55, but not with MDS-14. Moreover, refined cereal consumption was correlated with recent NLR. Although large prospective studies are needed in order to clarify the relationship between UC and NLR in coeliac patients, in this pilot study, we have investigated for the first time the relationship between NLR, dietary habit, and osteoporosis in coeliac disease.

scholarly journals Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with weight loss maintenance: the MedWeight study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Poulimeneas ◽  
Katerina Zoupi ◽  
Eirini Mamalaki ◽  
Eirini Bathrellou ◽  
Costas Anastasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Current Weight

AbstractIntroductionAdherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with numerous health benefits in non-communicable diseases, including obesity management. However, the associations of the Mediterranean Diet with weight loss maintenance remain to be evaluated.MethodsWe analyzed data from 500 participants (61% women) of the MedWeight study. Eligible volunteers were men and women 18–65 years old, reporting an intentional weight loss of at least 10%, starting from a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Based on their current weight, participants were characterized as maintainers (current weight ≤ 90% of maximum weight), or regainers (current weight > 95% of maximum weight). Socio-demographics, lifestyle measurements and weight history were recorded. Dietary intake was assessed by 2 telephone 24-hour recalls. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was assessed with the MedDietScore (range 0–55, greater scores showing higher adherence). Physical activity levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Results are expressed as means ± SD, frequencies (%) or Odds Ratio [OR; 95%Confidence Interval].ResultsCompared to regainers (31%), maintainers were younger (31.4 ± 10.0 vs. 36.6 ± 10.8 years, p < 0.001), had lower BMI (25.7 ± 4.3 vs. 31.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and had greater initial body weight loss (25.5 ± 8.6% vs. 18.4 ± 6.9%, p < 0.001). Sex and years of formal education were not significantly different between maintainers and regainers (p > 0.05). Being in the highest MedDietScore quintile (vs. the lowest) was associated with 91% higher odds of being a maintainer [crude OR = 1.91; 1.05–3.45]. This association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, physical activity level (METŸminutes/week) and energy intake (kcal/day) [adjusted OR = 2.01; 1.05–3.83].DiscussionHigher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was independently associated with 2-fold increased likelihood of weight loss maintenance. Our results highlight the favorable effects of a prudent dietary pattern in long-term obesity management, as well as novel targets for diet planning during weight loss maintenance.

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