scholarly journals Effects of Sucralose Ingestion versus Sucralose Taste on Metabolic Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Participants with Normal Weight and Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Nichol ◽  
Clara Salame ◽  
Kristina I. Rother ◽  
M. Yanina Pepino
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Weight Groups

Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucralose differentially affects metabolic responses to labeled oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in participants with normal weight and obesity. Participants (10 with normal weight and 11 with obesity) without diabetes underwent three dual-tracer OGTTs preceded, in a randomized order, by consuming sucralose or water, or by tasting and expectorating sucralose (e.g., sham-fed; sweetness control). Indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (SI) were estimated using oral minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. Compared with water, sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) resulted in a 30 ± 10% increased glucose area under the curve in both weight groups. In contrast, the insulin response to sucralose ingestion differed depending on the presence of obesity: decreased within 20–40 min of the OGTT in normal-weight participants but increased within 90–120 min in participants with obesity. Sham-fed sucralose similarly decreased insulin concentrations within 60 min of the OGTT in both weight groups. Sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) increased SI in normal-weight participants by 52 ± 20% but did not affect SI in participants with obesity. Sucralose did not affect glucose rates of appearance or β-cell function in either weight group. Our data underscore a physiological role for taste perception in postprandial glucose responses, suggesting sweeteners should be consumed in moderation.

Detection of Glycemic Abnormalities in Young Adult Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2158-2158
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Yassin ◽  
Ahmed M Elawa ◽  
Ashraf T Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Abstract 2158 Introduction: Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are reported in patients with β thalassemia major (BTM). The use of continuous blood glucose monitoring system (CGMS) among the different methods for early detection of glycaemic abnormalities has not been studied thoroughly in these patients. Aims: The aims of this study were: 1. to detect glycaemic abnormalities, if any, in young adults with BTM using fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 72-h continuous glucose concentration by CGMS system, and serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations 2. To compare the results of these two methods in detecting glycaemic abnormalities in these patients and 3. To calculate homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in these patients. In order to evaluate whether glycaemic abnormalities are due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance. Materials and methods: Randomly selected young adults (n = 14) with BTM were the subjects of this study. All patients were investigated using a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (using 75 gram of glucose) and 72-h continuous glucose concentration by CGM system (Medtronic system). Fasting serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured and HOMA-B, HOMA-IR were calculated accordingly. Results: Using OGTT, 5 patients had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (Fasting BG from 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L). Two of them had impaired glucose tolerance IGT (BG from 7.8 and < 11.1 mmol/L) and one had BG = 16.2 mmol/L after 2-hrs (diabetic). Using CGMS in addition to the glucose data measured by glucometer (3–5 times/ day), 6 patients had IFG. The maximum (postprandial) BG recorded exceeded 11.1 mmol/L in 4 patients (28.5%) (Diabetics) and was > 7.8 but < 11.1 mmol/L in 8 patients (57%) (IGT). The mean values of HOMA and QUICKI in patients with BTM were < 2.6 (1.6± 0.8) and > 0.33 (0.36±0.03) respectively ruling out significant insulin resistance in these adolescents. There was a significant negative correlation between the β-cell function (B %) on the one hand and the fasting and the 2-h BG (r= −0.6, and − 0.48, P< 0.01 respectively) on the other hand. Serum insulin concentrations were not correlated with fasting BG or ferritin levels. The average and maximum BG levels recorded by CGMS were significantly correlated with the fasting BG (r= 0.69 and 0.6 respectively with P < 0.01) and with the BG at 2-hour after oral glucose intake (r= 0.87and 0.86 respectively with P < 0.01). Ferritin concentrations were positively correlated with the fasting BG and the 2-h BG levels in the OGTT (r= 0.69, 0.43 respectively, P < 0.001) as well as with the average and the maximum BG recorded by CGM (r =0.75, and 0.64 respectively with P < 0.01). Ferritin concentrations were negatively correlated with the β-cell function (r= −0.41, P< 0.01). Conclusion: CGMS has proved to be superior to OGTT for the diagnosis of glycaemic abnormalities in young adult patients with BTM. In our patients, defective β-cell function rather than insulin resistance appeared to be the cause for these abnormalities. The significant correlations between serum ferritin concentrations and the beta cell functions suggested the importance of adequate chelation to prevent β-cell dysfunction Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fasting State-/Oral Glucose Tolerance Test-Derived Measures of Insulin Release for the Detection of Genetically Impaired β-Cell Function

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e14194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke A. Herzberg-Schäfer ◽  
Harald Staiger ◽  
Martin Heni ◽  
Caroline Ketterer ◽  
Martina Guthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Shape of glucose, insulin, C-peptide curves during a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test: any relationship with the degree of glucose tolerance?

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. R941-R948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tura ◽  
Umberto Morbiducci ◽  
Stefano Sbrignadello ◽  
Yvonne Winhofer ◽  
Giovanni Pacini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function

We aimed to analyze the shape of the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide curves during a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Another aim was defining an index of shape taking into account the whole OGTT pattern. Five-hundred ninety-two OGTT curves were analyzed, mainly from women with former gestational diabetes, with glycemic concentrations characterized by normal glucose tolerance ( n = 411), impaired glucose metabolism ( n = 134), and Type 2 diabetes ( n = 47). Glucose curves were classified according to their shape (monophasic, biphasic, triphasic, and 4/5-phases), and the metabolic condition of the subjects, divided according to the glucose shape stratification, was analyzed. Indices of shape based on the discrete second-order derivative of the curve patterns were also defined. We found that the majority of the glucose curves were monophasic ( n = 262). Complex shapes were less frequent but not rare ( n = 37 for the 4/5-phases shape, i.e., three peaks). There was a tendency toward the amelioration of the metabolic condition for increasing complexity of the shape, as indicated by lower glucose concentrations, improved insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. The shape index computed on C-peptide, WHOSHCP (WHole-Ogtt-SHape-index–C-peptide), showed a progressive increase [monophasic: 0.93 ± 0.04 (dimensionless); 4/5-phases: 1.35 ± 0.14], and it showed properties typical of β-cell function indices. We also found that the type of glucose shape is often associated to similar insulin and C-peptide shape. In conclusion, OGTT curves can be characterized by high variability, and complex OGTT shape is associated with better glucose tolerance. WHOSHCP (WHole-Ogtt-SHape-index) may be a powerful index of β-cell function much simpler than model-based indices.

Identifying glucose thresholds for incident diabetes by physiological analysis: a mathematical solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (7) ◽  
pp. R590-R596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ele Ferrannini ◽  
Maria Laura Manca
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function

Plasma glucose thresholds for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes are currently based on outcome data (risk of retinopathy), an inherently ill-conditioned approach. A radically different approach is to consider the mechanisms that control plasma glucose, rather than its relation to an outcome. We developed a constraint optimization algorithm to find the minimal glucose levels associated with the maximized combination of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, the two main mechanisms of glucose homeostasis. We used a training cohort of 1,474 subjects (22% prediabetic, 7.7% diabetic) in whom insulin sensitivity was measured by the clamp technique and β-cell function was determined by mathematical modeling of an oral glucose tolerance test. Optimized fasting glucose levels were ≤87 and ≤89 mg/dl in ≤45-yr-old women and men, respectively, and ≤92 and ≤95 mg/dl in >45-yr-old women and men, respectively; the corresponding optimized 2-h glucose levels were ≤96, ≤98, ≤103, and ≤105 mg/dl. These thresholds were validated in three prospective cohorts of nondiabetic subjects (Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease Study, Botnia Study, and Mexico City Diabetes Study) with baseline and follow-up oral glucose tolerance tests. Of 5,593 participants, 452 progressed to diabetes. Similarly, in the three cohorts, subjects with glucose levels above the estimated thresholds had an odds ratio of 3.74 (95% confidence interval = 2.64–5.48) of progressing, substantially higher than the risk carried by baseline conventionally defined prediabetes [odds ratio = 2.32 (95% confidence interval = 1.91–2.81)]. The concept that optimization of glucose concentrations by direct measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function identifies gender- and age-specific thresholds that bear on disease progression is proven in a physiologically sound, quantifiable manner.

A low glycaemic diet improves oral glucose tolerance but has no effect on β-cell function in C57BL/6J mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Andersson ◽  
L. Rosén ◽  
N. Wierup ◽  
E. Östman ◽  
I. Björck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function
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