scholarly journals Effects of Stevia Extract on Postprandial Glucose Response, Satiety and Energy Intake: A Three-Arm Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Farhat ◽  
Victoria Berset ◽  
Lauren Moore
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Increase Food Intake ◽  
Diet Diary ◽  
Ad Libitum

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suggested to lower energy intake in the diet, but they have been paradoxically involved in the epidemic of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Stevia is the least studied sweetener. This study aims to investigate the effect of stevia on postprandial glucose levels, appetite and food intake. Methods: 30 participants (20 females/10 males; 26.1 (10.56) years; body mass index (BMI) 23.44 (3.42) Kg/m2) took part in a three-arm crossover trial where they received preloads of water, sugar (60 g) and stevia (1 g) on three different days, followed by an ad libitum pizza lunch. Breakfast was standardised. A one-day diet diary was collected on each test day. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess subjective feelings of appetite. Blood glucose samples were collected at 30-min intervals until 120 min post lunch. Results: Energy intake did not significantly differ between preloads for ad libitum meals (p = 0.78) and overall day (p = 0.33). VAS scores for hunger and desire to eat (DTE) were lower following stevia preload compared to water (p < 0.05). After adjusting for the sugar preload and calorie content, postprandial glucose levels did not significantly differ between interventions. Conclusion: Stevia lowers appetite sensation and does not further increase food intake and postprandial glucose levels. It could be a useful strategy in obesity and diabetes prevention and management.

The effect of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake is lost in male truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (12) ◽  
pp. G1117-G1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Plamboeck ◽  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
Carolyn F. Deacon ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
André Wettergren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin And Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 suggests that endogenous GLP-1 may act locally before being degraded. Signaling via the vagus nerve was investigated in 20 truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty and 10 matched healthy controls. Subjects received GLP-1 (7-36 amide) or saline infusions during and after a standardized liquid mixed meal and a subsequent ad libitum meal. Despite no effect on appetite sensations, GLP-1 significantly reduced ad libitum food intake in the control group but had no effect in the vagotomized group. Gastric emptying was accelerated in vagotomized subjects and was decreased by GLP-1 in controls but not in vagotomized subjects. Postprandial glucose levels were reduced by the same percentage by GLP-1 in both groups. Peak postprandial GLP-1 levels were approximately fivefold higher in the vagotomized subjects. Insulin secretion was unaffected by exogenous GLP-1 in vagotomized subjects but was suppressed in controls. GLP-1 significantly reduced glucagon secretion in both groups, but levels were approximately twofold higher and were nonsuppressible in the early phase of the meal in vagotomized subjects. Our results demonstrate that vagotomy with pyloroplasty impairs the effects of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake, gastric emptying, and insulin and glucagon secretion, suggesting that intact vagal innervation may be important for GLP-1's actions.

scholarly journals The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose, appetite and energy intake in lean men

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebely Pal ◽  
Vanessa Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum

Different dietary proteins vary in their ability to influence satiety and reduce food intake. The present study compared the effects of four protein meals, whey, tuna, turkey and egg albumin, on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations as well as on appetite measures and energy intake in twenty-two lean, healthy men. This was a randomised, cross-over design study where participants consumed four liquid test meals on separate occasions followed by the collection of regular blood samples (fasting, +30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min). They were then offered a buffet meal 4 h later. The blood glucose response after the consumption of the test meal, as an incremental area under the curve (AUC), was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the turkey (P < 0·023) and egg (P < 0·001) meals, but it was not lower than with the tuna meal (P < 0·34). The AUC blood insulin after the consumption of the test meal was significantly higher with the whey meal than with the tuna, turkey and egg meals (all P < 0·001). The AUC rating of hunger was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the tuna (P < 0·033), turkey (P < 0·001) and egg (P < 0·001) meals. Mean energy intake at the ad libitum meal was significantly lower (P < 0·001) with the whey meal than with the tuna, egg and turkey meals. There was a strong relationship between self-rated appetite, postprandial insulin response and energy intake at lunch. Whey protein meal produced a greater insulin response, reduced appetite and decreased ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent meal compared with the other protein meals, indicating a potential for appetite suppression and weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.

scholarly journals The Hypoglycaemic Potential of Antioxidant-Rich Food Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
Hayder Al-Aubaidy ◽  
Rachel Page
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Rooibos Tea ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background: Obesity and diabetes are highly prevalent in Western countries, and both conditions can be associated with impaired glucose control and hyperglycemia. Antioxidants have been identified as having the ability to regulate blood glucose levels, however, the effects of specific high-antioxidant food extracts on blood glucose levels have not been well characterized. This study aimed to measure the hypoglycemic effects of selected antioxidant food extracts in healthy individuals.Methods: Ten healthy individuals were recruited into a randomized, single-blinded study. Participants consumed five different high-antioxidant food extracts (one per session, each >48 hours apart) that were matched for total antioxidant content 10 mins prior to ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrate from either glucose load or white bread (with ham) after an overnight fast. Blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 mins for two hours, and the incremental area under the glucose curve (IAUC) measured. The IAUC values for the test foods were compared to the glucose-only and bread-only controls.Results: Amla berry-, Grape seed- Rooibos tea- and Green tea- extracts as well as Propolis tincture were all strong glycemic modulators, significantly decreasing the IAUC by 25-40% compared to the glucose-only or white bread controls (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Antioxidants are able to modulate postprandial glucose response in healthy subjects. These results suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether these antioxidant-rich foods are of benefit to people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Antioxidants, glycemic response, blood glucose levels

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Effects of Stevia on food intake, satiety and blood glucose levels in adults: a small-scale study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Farhat ◽  
Lauren Moore ◽  
Inaki Moya ◽  
Lindsay Hall ◽  
Victoria Berset
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

AbstractNon-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suggested to reduce sugar and energy content of diet, but there is growing evidence that they can exacerbate obesity and diabetes through increasing appetite and energy intake. Stevia (stevioside extract), a natural sweetener, is being increasingly consumed, yet limited studies have looked at their effects on satiety and energy intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of preloads of stevia on food intake, satiety and postprandial blood glucose levels when compared to water and sugar. Thirty participants (10 males/20 females; 26 ± 10.5 years; BMI: 23.44 ± 3.42 Kg/m2) took part in a three-arm single-blinded crossover trial. On separate test days, they received three different preloads (300 ml) containing water, sugar (60g) and stevia (1g) followed by an ad-libitum pizza lunch after 30 minutes. Breakfast was standardized. Blood glucose samples were collected before preload and lunch, and then at 30-minute intervals until 120 min post lunch. Volunteers recorded their feelings of satiety and hunger on visual analogue scales (VAS) before preload and after meal intake. A one-day diet diary was collected for each test day. Data was analysed using repeated measures ANOVA (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Despite the difference in energy content between preloads, there were no significant differences in energy intake at lunch between the three interventions (F (2, 56) = 0.25, p = 0.78). Furthermore, participants did not compensate by consuming more energy during the day after the stevia preload (1660 ± 584 Kcal) compared to sugar preload (1770 ± 763 Kcal, p = 0.82). There were no significant differences in VAS scores between stevia and sugar preloads, but participants scored significantly higher rates of hunger (before and after lunch) and desire to eat (before lunch) following water preload (p < 0.05). No significant differences between water, sugar and stevia were noted for postprandial glucose levels (120 min post lunch) when adjusted from baseline (F (2, 58) = 2.56, p = 0.09). Area under the curve (AUC) for glucose did not differ between water and stevia (p = 0.2). Results are in line with several clinical trials showing that the consumption of sweeteners does not lead to an increase in hunger and energy intake, and could therefore present a useful strategy to assist with weight loss. Further studies looking at long-term effects of stevia on weight regulation are needed to support these findings.

scholarly journals Vertical sleeve gastrectomy improves liver and hypothalamic functions in obese mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixin Li ◽  
Zhijian Rao ◽  
Brenton Thomas Laing ◽  
Wyatt Bunner ◽  
Taylor Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Neuron Population ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is an effective surgery to treat obesity and diabetes. However, the direct effect of VSG on metabolic functions is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate if alterations in hypothalamic neurons were linked with perturbations in liver metabolism after VSG in an energy intake-controlled obese mouse model. C57BL/6 and hrNPY-GFP reporter mice received HFD for 12 weeks and were then divided into three groups: Sham (ad lib), Sham (pair-fed) with VSG and VSG. Food intake was measured daily, and blood glucose levels were measured before and after the study. Energy expenditure and body composition were determined. Serum parameters, liver lipid and glycogen contents were measured and gene/protein expression were analyzed. Hypothalamic POMC, AgRP/NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons were counted. The following results were obtained. VSG reduced body weight gain and adiposity induced by HFD, increased energy expenditure independent of energy intake. Fed and fasted blood glucose levels were reduced in the VSG group. While serum active GLP-1 level was increased, the active ghrelin and triglycerides levels were decreased along with improved insulin resistance in VSG group. Liver lipid accumulation, glycogen content and gluconeogenic gene expression were reduced in the VSG group. In the hypothalamus, TH-expressing neuron population was decreased, and the POMC-expressing neuron population was increased in the VSG group. In conclusion, our data suggest that VSG improves metabolic symptoms by increasing energy expenditure and lowering lipid and glycogen contents in the liver. These physiological alterations are possibly related to changes in hypothalamic neuron populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Effects of the fructose analog, 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, on food intake and estrous cyclicity in Syrian hamsters

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. R935-R939
Author(s):  
J. E. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Increase Food Intake ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Hyperphagia and anovulation are both triggered by prior food deprivation or other treatments that decrease intracellular availability of metabolic fuels in most species studied. Syrian hamsters fail to show compensatory hyperphagia, but do show anestrus in response to these energetic challenges. In the present experiments, we examined food intake, plasma glucose levels, and estrous cyclicity in Syrian hamsters in response to 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM), a fructose analog that is thought to trigger eating in rats by depleting intracellular levels of ATP. In experiment 1, female estrous cycling hamsters were treated with 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg 2,5-AM or the vehicle by intraperitoneal injection. Food intake was measured 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after treatment. There were no statistically significant increases in food intake in response to any dose of 2,5-AM. In experiment 2, blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 25 h after hamsters were treated with 0 or 400 mg/kg 2,5-AM. 2,5-AM treatment resulted in a mild but significant decrease in plasma glucose levels similar to those seen in 2,5-AM-treated rats, suggesting that 2,5-AM has similar effects on fuel metabolism in rats and hamsters. In experiment 3, hamsters received 2,5-AM, 2,5-AM plus the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor methyl palmoxirate, or vehicle every 6 h over the first 48 h of the estrous cycle and were tested for indexes of estrous cyclicity at the end of the cycle. All hamsters showed normal estrous cycles, regardless of treatment. If 2,5-AM has similar metabolic consequences in rats and hamsters, the present results suggest that decreased intracellular levels of ATP and mild hypoglycemia do not increase food intake or inhibit estrous cyclicity in Syrian hamsters.

scholarly journals Altering the temporal distribution of energy intake with isoenergetically dense foods given as snacks does not affect total daily energy intake in normal-weight men

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnstone ◽  
E. Shannon ◽  
S. Whybrow ◽  
C. A. Reid ◽  
R. J. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Fixed Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of (1) ingesting mandatory snacks v. no snacks and (2) the composition of isoenergetically-dense snacks high in protein, fat or carbohydrate, on food intake and energy intake (EI) in eight men with ad libitum access to a diet of fixed composition. Subjects were each studied four times in a 9 d protocol per treatment. On days 1–2, subjects were given a medium-fat maintenance diet estimated at 1·6 × resting metabolic rate (RMR). On days 3–9, subjects consumed three mandatory isoenergetic, isoenergetically dense (380 kJ/100 g) snacks at fixed time intervals (11.30, 15.30 and 19.30 hours). Total snack intake comprised 30 % of the subjects' estimated daily energy requirements. The treatments were high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF) and no snack (NS). The order was randomized across subjects in a counterbalanced, Latin-square design. During the remainder of the day, subjects had ad libitum (meal size and frequency) access to a covertly manipulated medium-fat diet of fixed composition (fat: carbohydrate: protein, 40:47:13 by energy), energy density 550 kJ/100 g. All foods eaten were investigator-weighed before ingestion and left-overs were weighed after ingestion. Subjective hunger and satiety feelings were tracked hourly during waking hours using visual analogue scales. Ad libitum EI amounted to 13·9 MJ/d on the NS treatment compared with 11·7, 11·7 and 12·2 MJ/d on the HP, HC and HF diets respectively (F(3,21) 5·35; P = 0·007, sed 0·66). Total EI values were not significantly different at 14·6, 14·5, 15·0 and 14·2 MJ/d respectively. Snack composition did not differentially affect total daily food intake or EI. Average daily hunger was unaffected by the composition of the snacks. Only at 12.00 hours did subjects feel significantly more hungry during the NS condition, relative to the other dietary treatments (F(3,18) 4·42; P = 0·017). Body weight was unaffected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, snacking per se led to compensatory adjustments in feeding behaviour in lean men. Snack composition (with energy density controlled) did not affect the amount eaten of a diet of fixed composition. Results may differ in real life where subjects can alter both composition and amount of food they eat and energy density is not controlled.

scholarly journals The acute effect of D-tagatose on food intake in human subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Buemann ◽  
Søren Toubro ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
John Blundell ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Osmotic Effects ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

A double-blind randomized crossover study was performed with nineteen normal-weight men to investigate the effect on subsequent ad libitum food intake of replacing 29 g sucrose with 29 g D-TAGATOSE AS SWEETENER TO A BREAKFAST MEAL. d-Tagatose is a malabsorbed stereoisomer of fructose with potential application as a bulk sweetener. Food intake was measured at lunch offered 4 h after the breakfast meal, during the afternoon with access to abundant snacks, and finally at a supper buffet 9 h after the breakfast. Energy intake at lunch and during the snacking period was similar after ingesting the two sugars, while it was 15 % lower after ingesting d-tagatose than with sucrose at supper (P < 0·05). Gastrointestinal factors such as the osmotic effects of unabsorbed d-tagatose causing distension of the gut might have mediated the acute appetite-suppressing effect. The present paper also refers to data from a preceding study in which we observed an increased self-reported energy intake after ingestion of d-tagatose compared with sucrose which, in fact, suggests a relative hyperphagic effect of d-tagatose. However, self-reported food intake may be biased by selective under-reporting and this subsequent study with a more controlled assessment of food intake was therefore conducted. This present study did not support any hyperphagic effect of d-tagatose, but rather suggests that d-tagatose may contribute to a reduced energy intake.

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