scholarly journals Why Do Children in Slums Suffer from Anemia, Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A Deficiency? Results from a Birth Cohort Study in Dhaka

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mahfuz ◽  
Laura E. Murray-Kolb ◽  
S. M. Tafsir Hasan ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Shah Mohammad Fahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Considering the high burden of micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladeshi children, this analysis aimed to identify the factors associated with micronutrient deficiencies and association of plasma micronutrient concentration trajectories from 7 to 24 months with the concentrations at 60 months of age. Plasma samples were collected at 7, 15, 24, and 60 months of age, and hemoglobin, ferritin, zinc, and retinol concentrations of 155, 153, 154, and 155 children were measured, respectively. A generalized estimating equation was used to identify the factors associated with micronutrient deficiencies, while latent class growth modeling identified the trajectories of plasma micronutrients from 7 to 24 months and its association with the concentrations of micronutrients at 60 months was examined using multiple linear regression modeling. Early (AOR = 2.21, p < 0.05) and late convalescence (AOR = 1.65, p < 0.05) stage of an infection, low ferritin (AOR = 3.04, p < 0.05), and low retinol (AOR = 2.07, p < 0.05) were associated with increased anemia prevalence. Wasting at enrollment was associated with zinc deficiency (AOR = 1.8, p < 0.05) and birth weight was associated with ferritin deficiency (AOR = 0.58, p < 0.05). Treatment of drinking water was found protective against vitamin A deficiency (AOR = 0.57, p < 0.05). Higher trajectories for ferritin and retinol during 7–24 months were positively associated with plasma ferritin (β = 13.72, p < 0.05) and plasma retinol (β = 3.99, p < 0.05) at 60 months.

Mitral Valve Replacement in an Adult with Left Pulmonary Agenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Huseyin Saskin ◽  
Mustafa Idiz ◽  
Cagri Duzyol ◽  
Huseyin Macika ◽  
Rezan Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Pulmonary Agenesis ◽  
Pulmonary Vessels ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Predominance

Pulmonary agenesis is associated with the absence of pulmonary vessels, bronchi, or parenchyma. This condition usually occurs between the 4th and 5th week of gestation during the embryonic phase. Etiopathogenic factors associated with pulmonary agenesis are not fully understood. In the literature, genetic and teratogenic factors, viral infections, and vitamin-A deficiency are shown to be associated with pulmonary agenesis [Malcon 2012]. This condition may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Although the precise rate of incidence is unknown, it is estimated to occur in one of every 10,000 to 12,000 live births [Yetim 2011]. There is a 1.3:1 female predominance with unilateral agenesis [Halilbasic 2013]

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

scholarly journals Vitamin A deficiency and other factors associated with severe tuberculosis in Timor and Rote Islands, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Pakasi ◽  
E Karyadi ◽  
Y Wibowo ◽  
Y Simanjuntak ◽  
N M D Suratih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mane Hélène Faye ◽  
Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽  
Abdou Badiane ◽  
Anta Agne-Djigo ◽  
Papa Mamadou DD Sylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.

scholarly journals Production of chickens with marginal vitamin A deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. West ◽  
S. Reinder Sijtsma ◽  
Harry P. F. Peters ◽  
Jan H. W. M. Rombout ◽  
Akke J. Van Der Zijpp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
General Health ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
High Level

Marginally vitamin A-deficient 1-d-old chickens capable of remaining healthy for at least 6 weeks were produced using a two-generation model. In this model, hens fed on diets with a limited vitamin A content were used to obtain 1-d-old chickens which were marginally deficient in vitamin A. Only hens with a narrow range of plasma retinol values (0.60–0.85 μmol/l) were satisfactory for this purpose. Above this range the 1-d-old chickens were not marginally vitamin A deficient. Below this range egg production and hatchability were affected to some extent depending on the degree of vitamin A deficiency. Even when egg production and hatchability remained at a high level in such birds, the 1-d-old chickens produced were not sufficiently strong to survive the first weeks of life. The advantages of the two-generation model for producing marginally vitamin A-deficient chickens are the increased uniformity and predictability of the chickens with respect to body-weight, general health and vitamin A status. However, it does take about 3 months to produce such chickens.

scholarly journals High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation to Bangladeshi Infants Increases the Percentage of CCR9-Positive Treg Cells in Infants with Lower Birthweight in Early Infancy, and Decreases Plasma sCD14 Concentration and the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency at Two Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3005-3012
Author(s):  
Shaikh M Ahmad ◽  
M Nazmul Huda ◽  
Rubhana Raqib ◽  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Plasma Retinol

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A (VA) stores are low in early infancy and may impair development of the immune system. Objective This study determined if neonatal VA supplementation (VAS) affects the following: 1) development of regulatory T (Treg) cells; 2) chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression, which directs mucosal targeting of immune cells; and 3) systemic endotoxin exposure as indicated by changed plasma concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14). Secondarily, VA status, growth, and systemic inflammation were investigated. Methods In total, 306 Bangladeshi infants were randomly assigned to receive 50,000 IU VA or placebo (PL) within 48 h of birth, and immune function was assessed at 6 wk, 15 wk, and 2 y. Primary outcomes included the following: 1) peripheral blood Treg cells; 2) percentage of Treg, T, and B cells expressing CCR9; and 3) plasma sCD14. Secondary outcomes included the following: 4) VA status measured using the modified relative dose-response (MRDR) test and plasma retinol; 5) infant growth; and 6) plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis identified group differences and interactions with sex and birthweight. Results VAS increased (P = 0.004) the percentage of CCR9+ Treg cells (13.2 ± 1.37%) relative to PL (9.17 ± 1.15%) in children below the median birthweight but had the opposite effect (P = 0.04) in those with higher birthweight (VA, 9.13 ± 0.89; PL, 12.1 ± 1.31%) at 6 and 15 wk (values are combined mean ± SE). VAS decreased (P = 0.003) plasma sCD14 (1.56 ± 0.025 mg/L) relative to PL (1.67 ± 0.032 mg/L) and decreased (P = 0.034) the prevalence of VA deficiency (2.3%) relative to PL (9.2%) at 2 y. Conclusions Neonatal VAS enhanced mucosal targeting of Treg cells in low-birthweight infants. The decreased systemic exposure to endotoxin and improved VA status at 2 y may have been due to VA-mediated improvements in gut development resulting in improved barrier function and nutrient absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01583972 and NCT02027610.

scholarly journals Use of the retinol-binding protein : transthyretin ratio for assessment of vitamin A status during the acute-phase response

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Filteau ◽  
Juana F. Willumsen ◽  
Keith Sullivan ◽  
Karin Simmank ◽  
Mary Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol

The ratio plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) : transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as a means to improve the assessment of vitamin A status of individuals with concurrent infection or inflammation. We have measured RBP and TTR in stored sera from South African children who had accidentally ingested kerosene. Samples were collected from these children in hospital when suffering acute inflammation and respiratory distress, and from them and neighbourhood control children 3 months later. Vitamin A status was defined by modified relative dose response (MRDR) tests of liver retinol stores at 3 months and by serum retinol concentration both when children were ill and when they were well. Illness was defined as either being in hospital or, at follow-up, as having a raised plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level. The RBP : TTR value was significantly decreased by both illness and low liver retinol stores. When the effects on RBP : TTR of illness and vitamin A stores were considered together for the 3-month follow-up samples, only vitamin A status significantly decreased the value. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the RBP : TTR ratio against established measures of vitamin A status using a cut-off value of 0·3 for RBP : TTR and standard cut-off values for MRDR (0·06) and plasma retinol (0·7 μmol/l). Compared with MRDR, RBP : TTR had sensitivities of 76 % and 43 % and specificities of 22 % and 81 % to detect vitamin A deficiency in hospitalized and well children respectively. Compared with plasma retinol, sensitivities were 88 % and 44 % and specificities were 55 % and 64 % in hospitalized and well children respectively. Only for the case of clinically well children with biochemical evidence of subclinical inflammation did sensitivity (62 % and 100 % against MRDR and plasma retinol respectively) and specificity (100 % and 60 % against MRDR and retinol) approach useful levels for an assessment tool. Overall, although a trend supporting the theory behind the use of the RBP : TTR for assessment of vitamin A status in infection was observed in the current study, the ratio did not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to be a useful assessment tool.

scholarly journals Isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in preschool children 12-72 months for the government of Paraíba

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixis Figueroa Pedraza ◽  
Márcia Cristina Sales
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in pre-school children, as well as the distribution of isolated deficiencies according to gender, age and prior supplementation with vitamin A. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with pre-school children in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Analysis of the average concentrations of hemoglobin, serum retinol and serum zinc, according to gender, age and previous vitamin A supplementation of children were carried out as well as the risk of simultaneous occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies in the presence of these deficiencies. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency were 15.4%, 23.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The anemia was significantly associated with age (p<0.01). Children previously supplemented by vitamin A had higher serum retinol concentrations than children without supplements, an effect that was not observed for concentrations of hemoglobin or serum zinc. The prevalence of anemia associated with vitamin A deficiency was 5.8%, with the chance of vitamin A deficiency and anemia coexist 2.21 times (95%CI=1.03-4.84) higher in the case of vitamin A deficiency or anemia rather than in the absence of these conditions. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies which are important in child growth, as well as the coexistence of nutritional deficiencies, point out the need to strengthen nutrition intervention strategies that consider this issue.

scholarly journals Improving the Dietary Vitamin A Content of Rural Communities in South Africa by Replacing Non-Biofortified White Maize and Sweet Potato with Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato in Traditional Dishes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurencia Govender ◽  
Kirthee Pillay ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Lower Protein

Biofortification of staple crops has a potential for addressing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which are prevalent in South Africa. The poor acceptability of provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified foods could be improved by combining them with other food items to produce modified traditional dishes. The nutritional composition of the dishes could also be improved by the modification. The study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP)] with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) on the nutritional composition of South African traditional dishes. The protein, fibre, total mineral (ash), lysine, and iron concentrations of the PVA maize phutu (traditional porridge) composite dishes (control), were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of white maize phutu composite dishes. However, the PVA concentration of PVA maize phutu composite dishes was higher than that of the white phutu composite dishes (P > 0.05). The OFSP had a significantly lower protein concentration, but a significantly higher (P > 0.05) fibre, ash, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and PVA concentration, relative to the CFSP. The findings indicate that composite dishes in which white maize is replaced with PVA-biofortified maize, and switching over from CFSP to OFSP, would contribute to combating VAD in South Africa, and in other developing counties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Robert Hovenier ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In order to induce a range of vitamin A-deficient states in young growing rats and to study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on Fe status, we designed the following two-generation experiment. Dams were fed on diets with one of five vitamin A levels from 2 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups received the same diets as their mothers both before and after weaning. The five dietary levels of vitamin A were 1200, 450, 150, 75 and 0 retinol equivalents/kg feed. Vitamin A intake did not affect reproduction outcome, nor were body and liver weights of the pups affected when they were 3·5 weeks old. Male pups with normal vitamin A status had higher plasma retinol levels than female pups. Vitamin A status of the offspring was affected from 3·5 weeks onwards. Body and liver weights were decreased in the male pups given the lowest dietary vitamin A levels from week 6·5 onwards but not in the female pups. Fe status was marginally affected. Haemoglobin levels were increased and total Fe-binding capacity was decreased in the groups given no dietary vitamin A at week 9·5. Splenic Fe was increased only in the male pups given the lowest levels of dietary vitamin A. However, as a whole, Fe status was only mildly affected and subject to considerable variation. We conclude that the two-generation rat model described here is not suitable for studying effects of vitamin A deficiency on Fe metabolism.

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