scholarly journals Plant-Based Diets in the Reduction of Body Fat: Physiological Effects and Biochemical Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najjar ◽  
Feresin
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Obesity affects over one-third of Americans and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Interventional trials have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant-based diets reduces body fat in overweight and obese subjects, even when controlling for energy intake. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been well-defined. This review discusses six major dietary mechanisms that may lead to reduced body fat. These include (1) reduced caloric density, (2) improved gut microbiota symbiosis, (3) increased insulin sensitivity, (4) reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), (5) activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and (6) over-expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Collectively, these factors improve satiety and increase energy expenditure leading to reduced body weight.

scholarly journals The plant-based-diet and obesity : The process and literature survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Sanghvi ◽  
Anna Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

There are an increasingly rising number of people who adopt a plant-based diet. The desire for weightcontrol and other health benefits are driving factors behind this dietary preference. The aim of this studywas twofold: first, it reviews intervention studies evaluating the impact on body mass index and weight byvarious plant-based diets. Most of them were randomized controlled trials of overweight, type 2 diabetesmellitus and/or cardiovascular disease participants compared a low-fat vegan diet to an omnivore diet.Second, this study reviews two major dietary process that may lead to reduced-body fat. Interventionaltrials have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant-based diets reduces body fat in overweightand obese subjects, even when controlling for energy intake. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying thiseffect have not been well-defined. Our review indicates that in some patient groups, plant-based diets canenhance weight condition. In certain studies, due to fat consumption limits accompanied by decreasedenergy intake, the results of the various treatments vary depending on the particular plant-based dietsstudied. Future research should seek to include a representative population of the sample and apply dietswithout dietary limitations to the study.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Diet as a Strategy for Weight Control

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Stanislava Ivanova ◽  
Cédric Delattre ◽  
Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska ◽  
Niko Benbasat ◽  
Vanya Nalbantova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, obesity has nearly tripled since the 1970s. Obesity and overweight are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammatory-mediated diseases, and other serious medical conditions. Moreover, recent data suggest that obesity, overweight, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality. Different strategies for weight control have been introduced over the last two decades. Unfortunately, these strategies have shown little effect. At the same time, many studies show that plants might be the key to a successful strategy for weight control. Following the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase using the following keywords: obesity, globesity, vegan, plant-based diet, etc. Our results show that vegan diets are associated with improved gut microbiota symbiosis, increased insulin sensitivity, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and over-expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. The key features of this diet are reduced calorie density and reduced cholesterol intake. The combination of these two factors is the essence of the efficiency of this approach to weight control. Our data suggest that plant-based/vegan diets might play a significant role in future strategies for reducing body weight.

New trends in the pharmacological intervention of PPARs in obesity: Role of natural and synthetic compounds_

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Kasi Pandima Devi ◽  
Sethuraman Sathya ◽  
Ana Sanches-Silva ◽  
Listos Joanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, with the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders not being fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue, leads to the pathogenesis of obesity related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors, among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. In the whole, the collected data show that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that show beneficial promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas ◽  
Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandra Meza-Rios ◽  
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez ◽  
Marina Galicia-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
White Adipocyte ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

scholarly journals Two antibacterial and PPARα/γ-agonistic unsaturated keto fatty acids from a coral-associated actinomycete of the genus Micrococcus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Raj Sharma ◽  
Enjuro Harunari ◽  
Naoya Oku ◽  
Nobuyasu Matsuura ◽  
Agus Trianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Isoform Specificity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

A pair of geometrically isomeric unsaturated keto fatty acids, (6E,8Z)- and (6E,8E)-5-oxo-6,8-tetradecadienoic acids (1 and 2), were isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete of the genus Micrococcus, which was associated with a stony coral, Catalaphyllia sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS, with special assistance of spin system simulation studies for the assignment of an E geometry at C8 in 2. As metabolites of microbes, compounds 1 and 2 are unprecedented in terms of bearing a 2,4-dienone system. Both 1 and 2 showed antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter and the fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum, with a contrasting preference that 1 is more effective to the former strain while 2 is so to the latter. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 displayed agonistic activity against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) with an isoform specificity towards PPARα and PPARγ.

scholarly journals Molecular Recognition of Fatty Acids by Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Eric Xu ◽  
Millard H Lambert ◽  
Valerie G Montana ◽  
Derek J Parks ◽  
Steven G Blanchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors
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