scholarly journals Early Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Changes Following Western Diet in Middle Aged Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Mazzoli ◽  
Raffaella Crescenzo ◽  
Luisa Cigliano ◽  
Maria Stefania Spagnuolo ◽  
Rosa Cancelliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

To assess the effect of 4 weeks of high fat-high fructose feeding on whole body composition, energy balance, specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in the liver of middle-aged rats, rats (1 year) were fed a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and fructose (HFF rats), mimicking the “Western diet”, and compared with rats of the same age that were fed a low fat diet (LF rats). HFF rats exhibited a significant increase in the gain of body weight, energy, and lipids compared to LF rats. HFF rats also showed hepatic insulin resistance, together with an increase in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Hepatic lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in HFF rats, while a significant decrease in Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was found in this tissue. A marked increase in the protein amount of complex I, concomitant to a decrease in its contribution to mitochondrial respiration, was found in HFF rats. Lipid peroxidation and Nitro-Tyrosine content, taken as markers of oxidative stress, as well as NADPH oxidase activity, were significantly higher in HFF rats, while the antioxidant enzyme catalase decreased in these rats. Myeloperoxidase activity and lipocalin content increased, while peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma decreased in HFF rats. The present results provide evidence that middle-aged rats show susceptibility to a short-term “Western diet”, exhibiting altered redox homeostasis, insulin resistance, and early mitochondrial alterations in the liver. Therefore, this type of dietary habits should be drastically limited to pursue a “healthy aging”.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction Reverses Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Rats with Low Aerobic Capacity

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (11) ◽  
pp. 5157-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bowman ◽  
Sadeesh K. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Meenakshi Kaw ◽  
Sang Jun Lee ◽  
Payal R. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

Rats selectively bred for low aerobic running capacity exhibit the metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemia. They also exhibit features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, including chicken-wire fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hyperinsulinemia in these rats is associated with impaired hepatic insulin clearance. The current studies aimed to determine whether these metabolic abnormalities could be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). CR by 30% over a period of 2–3 months improved insulin clearance in parallel to inducing the protein content and activation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, a main player in hepatic insulin extraction. It also reduced glucose and insulin intolerance and serum and tissue (liver and muscle) triglyceride levels. Additionally, CR reversed inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in liver. The data support a significant role of CR in the normalization of insulin and lipid metabolism in liver.

scholarly journals Diet-induced insulin resistance impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognition in middle-aged rats

Hippocampus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Stranahan ◽  
Eric D. Norman ◽  
Kim Lee ◽  
Roy G. Cutler ◽  
Richard S. Telljohann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

scholarly journals FABP4-Cre Mediated Expression of Constitutively Active ChREBP Protects Against Obesity, Fatty Liver, and Insulin Resistance

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 4020-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alli M. Nuotio-Antar ◽  
Naravat Poungvarin ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Michael Schupp ◽  
Mahmoud Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Constitutively Active

Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) regulates cellular glucose and lipid homeostasis. Although ChREBP is highly expressed in many key metabolic tissues, the role of ChREBP in most of those tissues and the consequent effects on whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism are not well understood. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse that overexpresses a constitutively active ChREBP isoform under the control of the fatty acid binding protein 4-Cre-driven promoter (FaChOX). Weight gain was blunted in male, but not female, FaChOX mice when placed on either a normal chow diet or an obesogenic Western diet. Respiratory exchange ratios were increased in Western diet-fed FaChOX mice, indicating a shift in whole-body substrate use favoring carbohydrate metabolism. Western diet-fed FaChOX mice showed improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in comparison with controls. Hepatic triglyceride content was reduced in Western diet-fed FaChOX mice in comparison with controls, suggesting protection from fatty liver. Epididymal adipose tissue exhibited differential expression of genes involved in differentiation, browning, metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and inflammation between Western diet-fed FaChOX mice and controls. Our findings support a role for ChREBP in modulating adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation as well as consequent risks for obesity and insulin resistance.

Moderate swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines without causing oxidative stress in tissues of middle-aged rats

Amino Acids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Cechella ◽  
Marlon R. Leite ◽  
Fernando Dobrachinski ◽  
Juliana T. da Rocha ◽  
Nelson R. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged

Abrogation of oxidative stress improves insulin sensitivity in the Ren-2 rat model of tissue angiotensin II overexpression

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. E353-E359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela C. Blendea ◽  
David Jacobs ◽  
Craig S. Stump ◽  
Samy I. McFarlane ◽  
Cristina Ogrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production

To evaluate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-mediated oxidative stress in insulin resistance (IR), we compared the effects of the angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan and a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, on whole body glucose tolerance and soleus muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in transgenic hypertensive TG(mREN-2)27 (Ren-2) rats. Ren-2 rats and Sprague-Dawley (SD) controls were given valsartan (30 mg/kg) or tempol (1 mmol/l) in their drinking water for 21 days. IR was measured by glucose tolerance testing (1 g/kg glucose ip). IR index (AUCglucose × AUCinsulin) was significantly higher in the Ren-2 animals compared with SD controls (30.5 ± 7.0 × 106 arbitrary units in Ren-2 vs. 10.2 ± 2.4 × 106 in SD, P < 0.01). Both valsartan and tempol treatment normalized Ren-2 IR index. Compared with SD controls (100%), there was a significant increase in superoxide anion production (measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) in soleus muscles of Ren-2 rats (133 ± 15%). However, superoxide production was reduced in both valsartan- and tempol-treated (85 ± 22% and 59 ± 12%, respectively) Ren-2 rats. Insulin (INS)-mediated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake (%SD basal levels) was substantially lower in Ren-2 rat soleus muscle compared with SD (Ren-2 + INS = 110 ± 3% vs. SD + INS = 206 ± 12%, P < 0.05). However, Ren-2 rats treated with valsartan or tempol exhibited a significant increase in insulin-mediated 2-DG uptake compared with untreated transgenic animals. Improvements in skeletal muscle insulin-dependent glucose uptake and whole body IR in rats overexpressing ANG II by ARB or SOD mimetic indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in ANG II-mediated insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Preceded by Single Whole-Body Cryotherapy on the Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Blood of Volleyball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Alicja Jurecka ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
Michał Szpinda ◽  
Beata Augustyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Oxidative Status ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Control Exercise

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of single whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session applied prior to submaximal exercise on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, total oxidative status, and the level of cytokines in blood of volleyball players. The study group consisted of 18 male professional volleyball players, who were subjected to extremely cold air (−130∘C) prior to exercise performed on cycloergometer. Blood samples were taken five times: before WBC, after WBC procedure, after exercise preceded by cryotherapy (WBC exercise), and before and after exercise without WBC (control exercise). The activity of catalase statistically significantly increased after control exercise. Moreover, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was lower after WBC exercise than after control exercise (P<0.001). After WBC exercise, the level of IL-6 and IL-1βwas also lower (P<0.001) than after control exercise. The obtained results may suggest that cryotherapy prior to exercise may have some antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The relations between the level of studied oxidative stress and inflammatory markers may testify to the contribution of reactive oxygen species in cytokines release into the blood system in response to exercise and WBC.

scholarly journals Effects of free fatty acid elevation on hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Yan Lu ◽  
Ping Han ◽  
Sheng Zhao ◽  
Yong-Yan Zhang ◽  
Bing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Adipokines and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Daoud Abdelkader ◽  
Jing Shang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue is now considered to be an active endocrine organ that secretes various adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Recent studies have shown that these factors might provide a molecular link between increased adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Since hepatic insulin resistance plays the key role in the whole body insulin resistance, clarification of the regulatory processes about hepatic insulin resistance by adipokines in rodents and human would seem essential in order to understand the mechanism of type 2 diabetes and for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat it.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Treatment in Adolescent Males with Idiopathic Short Stature: Changes in Body Composition, Protein, Fat, and Glucose Metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 3033-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Hannon ◽  
Kapriel Danadian ◽  
Chittiwat Suprasongsin ◽  
Silva A. Arslanian
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Insulin Levels

Abstract Context: Cross-sectional observations show an inverse relationship between pubertal increase in GH and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that pubertal insulin resistance may be mediated by GH. Objective: Our objective was to assess longitudinally the effects of short-term GH supplementation in adolescent males with non-GH-deficient idiopathic short stature (ISS) on body composition, substrate metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Children with ISS were studied to simulate the pubertal increase in GH secretion. Participants and Setting: Eight males with ISS (10.8–16.5 yr) were recruited from pediatric endocrinology clinics at an academic medical center. Study Design: Participants were evaluated in the General Clinical Research Center before and after 4 months of GH supplementation (0.3 mg/kg·wk). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Whole-body glucose, protein, and fat turnover were measured using stable isotopes. In vivo insulin action was assessed during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU/m2·min) euglycemic clamp. Results: GH supplementation led to 1) increase in hepatic glucose production and fasting insulin levels, 2) increase in lean body mass and decrease in fat mass, and 3) improvement in cardiovascular lipid risk profile. Plasma IGF-I levels correlated positively with insulin levels. Conclusions: Four months of GH supplementation in adolescent males with ISS is associated with significant body composition changes and hepatic insulin resistance.

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