scholarly journals Diabetes Prevention: Vitamin D Supplementation May Not Provide Any Protection If There Is No Evidence of Deficiency!

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Gröber ◽  
Michael F. Holick
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Supplement Group ◽  
Increased Risk

The results of epidemiological and several interventional studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of developing insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Various studies have indicated that a lack of vitamin D must be regarded as a pathogenic factor for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, since a vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) increases insulin resistance and reduces insulin secretion from beta cells in the pancreas. A recent study by Pittas et al. did not show a clear preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation with respect to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In terms of this study, it must be remembered that more than 70% of the participants in both the vitamin D supplement group and the placebo group did not have a vitamin D deficiency. In medical and pharmaceutical practice, more attention should be paid to vitamin D deficiency than has previously been accorded. Vitamin D status can be assessed objectively when necessary by laboratory testing of the serum 25(OH)D levels. Type 2 diabetes patients benefit from improving their vitamin D status with respect to their glucose metabolism and decreased mortality risk. Patients with insulin resistance who are vitamin D deficient should be treated with an appropriate amount of vitamin D to achieve circulating levels of 25(OH)D of 40–60 ng/mL.

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444
Author(s):  
Anna Gabryanczyk ◽  
Sylwia Klimczak ◽  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Increased Risk

There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.

Vitamin D and new insights into pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Vondra ◽  
Richard Hampl
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Functional Inactivation

Abstract Deficiency in vitamin D plays a role in the onset and development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A normal level of vitamin D is able to reduce low grade inflammation, which is a major process in inducing insulin resistance. It is also engaged in maintaining low resting levels of reactive species and radicals, normal Ca2+ signaling, a low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but increased formation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D is also able to prevent hypermethylation (of DNA) and consequent functional inactivation of many genes, as well as other epigenetic alterations in β cells and in other insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues, mainly liver, adipose tissue and muscle. Vitamin D deficiency thus belongs to key factors accelerating the development of IR and consequently T2DM as well. However, vitamin D supplementation aimed at the control of glucose homeostasis in humans showed controversial effects. As a result, further studies are running to gain more detailed data needed for the full clinical utilization of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Until new results are published, supplementation with high doses of vitamin D deficiency is not recommended. However, prevention of vitamin D deficiency and its correction are highly desired.

scholarly journals The effects of vitamin D supplementation on adiponectin level and insulin resistance in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial

10.19082/2849 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2849-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Eghbali ◽  
Sedighah Soheilikhah ◽  
Saeedeh Jam Ashkezari ◽  
Maryam Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Double Blinded

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status is Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 1393-1399
Author(s):  
Hang Zhao ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Chong Zheng ◽  
Luping Ren ◽  
Guangyao Song
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals Metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on subjects with type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Sana Tafseer ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Avijit Roy ◽  
Pooja Goyal ◽  
Virender K. Chhoker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Vitamin

Background: It is common for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to have vitamin D deficiency. Aim of the study is to determine the metabolic effects of oral vitamin D supplementation in a cohort of T2DM subjects.Methods: Subjects with T2DM were divided into two groups. Group A (Control) included subjects who received the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs). Group B (Intervention), apart from the standard treatment (conventional antidiabetic drugs), was also supplemented with Vitamin D3. All the patients were followed up at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was noted down in all the study subjects. Even after 18 months of supplementation, all subjects remained vitamin D deficient. There was a significant improvement in the circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Improvement in the lipid profile of subjects was observed as evidenced by a decrease in total cholesterol (5.0±0.92 mmol/l) as compared to baseline (5.5±1.6 mmol/l). HOMA-IR changed significantly after 18 months of supplementation from baseline (7.0±1.06 vs 10.8±1.96 nmol/l).Conclusions: Supplementation to achieve higher levels of vitamin D remains a promising adjuvant therapy for T2DM patients. Additionally, the intervention brought out a favourable change in HDL/LDL ratio among study subjects.

scholarly journals Assessment of vitamin D status and its association with insulin resistance among type 2 diabetic subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Jaitra Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The 21st century has seen the rise of diabetes mellitus as one of the major metabolic issues as is vitamin D deficiency which has been found to be pandemic worldwide. The present study is an endeavor to study the status of serum vitamin D levels in relation to the glycemic and insulin resistance status in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: The present is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100 type 2 diabetic subjects in the age group of 30-60 years. Serum vitamin D and Insulin levels were estimated using the ELISA technique. HbA1c levels were measured using immunoturbidimetric assays and plasma glucose levels were determined using glucose oxidase- peroxidase method.Results: The fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and serum insulin levels were found to be significantly higher in those with vitamin D levels below the normal cut-off value of less than 30ng/ml (p value <0.01). Also, the insulin resistance calculated using HOMA-IR was found to be higher in those subjects having vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.Conclusions: Hence, the study suggests that vitamin D deficiency contributes to further insulin resistance and poorer long-term diabetic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects.

Does insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes alter vitamin D status?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Al-Shoumer ◽  
Adnan Ali Al-Asoosi ◽  
Aida Hussain Ali ◽  
Vasanthy Sudheer Nair
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Status
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