scholarly journals Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Paganini ◽  
Mary A. Uyoga ◽  
Guus A.M. Kortman ◽  
Jos Boekhorst ◽  
Sacha Schneeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Secretor Status ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
The Impact

There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine HMO profiles and the secretor/non-secretor phenotype of lactating Kenyan mothers and investigate their effects on the maternal and infant gut microbiota, and on the infant response to a fortification intervention with 5 mg iron (2.5 mg as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 2.5 mg as ferrous fumarate) and 7.5 g GOS. We studied mother–infant pairs (n = 80) participating in a 4-month intervention trial in which the infants (aged 6.5–9.5 months) received daily a micronutrient powder without iron, with iron or with iron and GOS. We assessed: (1) maternal secretor status and HMO composition; (2) effects of secretor status on the maternal and infant gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the intervention trial; and (3) interactions between secretor status and intervention groups during the intervention trial on the infant gut microbiota, gut inflammation, iron status, growth and infectious morbidity. Secretor prevalence was 72% and HMOs differed between secretors and non-secretors and over time of lactation. Secretor status did not predict the baseline composition of the maternal and infant gut microbiota. There was a secretor-status-by-intervention-group interaction on Bifidobacterium (p = 0.021), Z-scores for length-for-age (p = 0.022) and weight-for-age (p = 0.018), and soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.041). In the no iron group, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of non-secretors (23.8%) than of secretors (10.4%) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HMO profile may modulate the infant gut microbiota response to fortificant iron; compared to infants of secretor mothers, infants of non-secretor mothers may be more vulnerable to the adverse effect of iron but also benefit more from the co-provision of GOS.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Development: Influence of Diet from Infancy to Toddlerhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Martin Frederik Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide

Early life is a critical period as our gut microbiota establishes here and may impact both current and future health. Thus, it is of importance to understand how different factors govern the complex microbial colonization patterns in this period. The gut microbiota changes substantially during infancy and toddlerhood in terms of both taxonomic composition and diversity. This developmental trajectory differs by a variety of factors, including term of birth, mode of birth, intake of antibiotics, presence of furred pets, siblings and family members, host genetics, local environment, geographical location, and maternal and infant/toddler diet. The type of milk feeding and complementary feeding is particularly important in early and late infancy/toddlerhood, respectively. Breastfeeding, due to the supply of human milk oligosaccharide into the gut, promotes the growth of specific human milk oligosaccharide (HMO)-utilizing <i>Bifidobacterium</i> species that dominate the ecosystem as long as the infant is primarily breastfed. These species perform saccharolytic fermentation in the gut and produce metabolites with physiological effects that may contribute to protection against infectious and immune-related diseases. Formula feeding, due to its lack of HMOs and higher protein content, give rise to a more diverse gut microbiota that contains more opportunistic pathogens and results in a more proteolytic metabolism in the gut. Complementary feeding, due to the introduction of dietary fibers and new protein sources, induces a shift in the gut microbiota and metabolism away from the milk-adapted and toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community with increased abundances of short chain fatty acid-producing bacterial taxa. While the physiological implication of these complementary diet-induced changes remains to be established, a few recent studies indicate that an inadequately matured gut microbiota may be causally related to poor growth and development. Further studies are required to expand our knowledge on interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and health in the early life setting.

scholarly journals Can the supplementary consumption of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp improve the hemoglobin levels and iron status of schoolchildren in Kenya? Findings of a randomized controlled intervention trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Charlotte Evang ◽  
Tsige-Yohannes Habte ◽  
Willis Omondi Owino ◽  
Michael Bernhardt Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose In the rural Kenyan diet, the bioavailability of iron is low and predisposes the population to iron deficiency. Fruit pulp of the indigenous baobab tree contains significant amounts of vitamin C, which enhances non-heme iron bioavailability. We studied the impact of baobab fruit pulp (BFP) consumption on the hemoglobin (Hb) and iron status of Kenyan schoolchildren. Methods The single-blind randomized controlled intervention trial was implemented daily among apparently healthy schoolchildren aged 6–12 years with hemoglobin level < 12.2 g/dl. For 12 weeks, children in the intervention group (n = 29) received a drink with BFP, while the control group (n = 29) received an isoenergy drink without BFP. At baseline and endline, blood samples were taken. Results The development of hemoglobin, ferritin (FER) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups. However, in the intervention group, Hb levels improved slightly (2.2%), while they decreased slightly (1.2%) in the control group. Levels of geometric means of sTfR remained almost unchanged (0.7%) in the intervention group and slightly worsened (2.7%) in the control group. In both the groups, geometric mean of FER levels decreased, yet to a smaller extent in the intervention (17.3%) than in the control (26.0%) group. Conclusion Even though no significant effects of BFP could be detected in this study, the identification of products such as BFP remains pertinent to help improve non-heme iron absorption in the most vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition of Breast Milk from Lactating Women in Dhaka, Bangladesh (P11-040-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Loutet ◽  
Lisa G Pell ◽  
Chloe Yonemitsu ◽  
Eric O Ohuma ◽  
Shelby Sturrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Secretor Status ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide

Abstract Objectives We aimed to describe the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition of breast milk from Bangladeshi women, overall and by galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT 2) secretor status, and to estimate the effect of prenatal and postpartum vitamin D3 supplementation on HMO composition. Methods In a sub-study of the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we selected 96 participants from the placebo group and 96 who were administered 28,000 IU/week vitamin D3 from 17–24 weeks gestation to 6-months postpartum. Breast milk collected at 13 ± 1 week(s) postpartum were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine absolute concentrations, relative abundancies of 19 HMOs and total amount HMOs, summarized using medians (interquartile range (IQR)). Associations between each HMO and selected maternal factors (e.g., age, parity, breastfeeding pattern) were estimated by multiple linear regression, adjusting for vitamin D group. Results Total median HMO concentration was 16.8 mmol/mL (IQR 9.5-18.7) overall, but varied by secretor status: 18.0 mmol/mL (IQR 16.9-19.2) in secretors (66%) and 9.2 mmol/mL (IQR 8.9-9.5) in non-secretors (34%). Individual HMO concentrations also varied within secretor groups: 2’FL, the most abundant HMO among secretors, ranged from 1.3 to 15.8 mmol/mL among secretors and LNFP II, most abundant among non-secretors, ranged from 0.02 to 4.3 mmol/mL among non-secretors. Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect total or individual HMO concentration. Other maternal factors were not significantly associated with secretor status, total or individual HMO concentration; however, breastmilk collected during winter had a significantly higher concentration of 3’FL compared to breastmilk collected during spring. The proportion of secretors in Bangladesh was similar to cohorts in Africa and North America. Relative HMO concentrations within secretor groups were similar to other international cohorts. Conclusions The HMO composition of breast milk from Bangladeshi women is predominantly determined by secretor status, similar to other countries worldwide. Further research is required to understand the effect of variations in HMO composition on infant health outcomes. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Variation Throughout Postpartum in Healthy Women in a Brazilian Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lorena Ferreira ◽  
Ronaldo Alves ◽  
Amanda Figueiredo ◽  
Nadya Alves-Santos ◽  
Nathalia Freitas-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Postpartum Visit ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Brazilian Cohort ◽  
Non Negative Matrix Factorization

Human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition varies throughout lactation and can be influenced by maternal characteristics. This study describes HMO variation up to three months postpartum and explores the influences of maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics in a Brazilian prospective cohort. We followed 101 subjects from 28–35 gestational weeks (baseline) and throughout lactation at 2–8 (visit 1), 28–50 (visit 2) and 88–119 days postpartum (visit 3). Milk samples were collected at visits 1, 2 and 3, and 19 HMOs were quantified usinghigh-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL). Friedman post-hoc test, Spearman rank correlation for maternal characteristics and HMOs and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) were used to define the HMO profile. Most women were secretors (89.1%) and presented high proportion of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL) at all three sample times, while lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, 2–8 days) and lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFPII, 28–50 and 88–119 days) were the most abundant HMOs in non-secretor women. Over the course of lactation, total HMO weight concentrations (g/L) decreased, but total HMO molar concentrations (mmol/L) increased, highlighting differential changes in HMO composition over time. In addition, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and parity influence the HMO composition in healthy women in this Brazilian cohort.

scholarly journals Human norovirus inhibition by a human milk oligosaccharide

Virology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Koromyslova ◽  
Shailesh Tripathi ◽  
Vasily Morozov ◽  
Horst Schroten ◽  
Grant S. Hansman
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide
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