scholarly journals Role of Citrate in Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Bone Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Granchi ◽  
Nicola Baldini ◽  
Fabio Massimo Ulivieri ◽  
Renata Caudarella
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Weak Organic Acid ◽  
First Time

Citrate is an intermediate in the “Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle” and is used by all aerobic organisms to produce usable chemical energy. It is a derivative of citric acid, a weak organic acid which can be introduced with diet since it naturally exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, and can be consumed as a dietary supplement. The close association between this compound and bone was pointed out for the first time by Dickens in 1941, who showed that approximately 90% of the citrate bulk of the human body resides in mineralised tissues. Since then, the number of published articles has increased exponentially, and considerable progress in understanding how citrate is involved in bone metabolism has been made. This review summarises current knowledge regarding the role of citrate in the pathophysiology and medical management of bone disorders.

Axillary bud outgrowth in rose is controlled by sugar metabolic and signalling pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
Maria-Dolores Pérez-Garcia ◽  
Jean-Michel Davière ◽  
François Barbier ◽  
Laurent Ogé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Endogenous Factors

Abstract Shoot branching is a pivotal process during plant growth and development, antagonistically orchestrated by auxin and sugars. By contrast to extensive investigations on hormonal regulatory networks, our current knowledge on the role of sugar signalling pathways in bud outgrowth is still scarce. Based on a stepwise and comprehensive strategy, we investigated the role of glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in the control of bud outgrowth. We demonstrated that these two pathways are necessary for bud outgrowth promotion upon plant decapitation and in response to sugar availability. They are also targets of the antagonistic crosstalk between auxin and sugar availability. These two pathways act synergistically to downregulate the expression of BRC1, a conserved inhibitor of shoot branching. Using Rosa calluses stably transformed with GFP-fused promoter sequences of RhBRC1 (pRhBRC1), glycolysis/TCA-cycle and the OPPP were found to repress the transcriptional activity of pRhBRC1 cooperatively. Glycolysis/TCA-cycle- and OPPP-dependent regulations involve the -1973bp/-1611bp and -1206bp/-709bp regions of pRhBRC1, respectively. Taken together, our findings indicate that glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the OPPP are integrative parts of shoot branching control and can link endogenous factors to the developmental program of bud outgrowth, more likely through two distinct mechanisms.

Resveratrol: A new potential therapeutic agent for melanoma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Goodarzi ◽  
Sara G.M. Piccirillo ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time

: Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard anti-melanomatreatments such as chemotherapy, and 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma who have metastatic form of disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus, it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approachesthat couldenhance the quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However, more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy. : Herein, for first time, we summarize current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol in melanoma.

scholarly journals Maintenance Role of a Glutathionyl-Hydroquinone Lyase (PcpF) in Pentachlorophenol Degradation by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (23) ◽  
pp. 7595-7600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Randy Xun ◽  
Guanjun Chen ◽  
Luying Xun
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenase ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Toxic Pollutant ◽  
Sphingobium Chlorophenolicum

ABSTRACT Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a toxic pollutant. Its biodegradation has been extensively studied in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723. All enzymes required to convert PCP to a common metabolic intermediate before entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been characterized. One of the enzymes is tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone (TeCH) reductive dehalogenase (PcpC), which is a glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST). PcpC catalyzes the GSH-dependent conversion of TeCH to trichloro-p-hydroquinone (TriCH) and then to dichloro-p-hydroquinone (DiCH) in the PCP degradation pathway. PcpC is susceptible to oxidative damage, and the damaged PcpC produces glutathionyl (GS) conjugates, GS-TriCH and GS-DiCH, which cannot be further metabolized by PcpC. The fate and effect of GS-hydroquinone conjugates were unknown. A putative GST gene (pcpF) is located next to pcpC on the bacterial chromosome. The pcpF gene was cloned, and the recombinant PcpF was purified. The purified PcpF was able to convert GS-TriCH and GS-DiCH conjugates to TriCH and DiCH, respectively. The GS-hydroquinone lyase reactions catalyzed by PcpF are rather unusual for a GST. The disruption of pcpF in S. chlorophenolicum made the mutant lose the GS-hydroquinone lyase activities in the cell extracts. The mutant became more sensitive to PCP toxicity and had a significantly decreased PCP degradation rate, likely due to the accumulation of the GS-hydroquinone conjugates inside the cell. Thus, PcpF played a maintenance role in PCP degradation and converted the GS-hydroquinone conjugates back to the intermediates of the PCP degradation pathway.

scholarly journals Enhanced production of exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm by a menadione-auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variant

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Singh ◽  
Pallab Ray ◽  
Anindita Das ◽  
Meera Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Small Colony

The role of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) in the pathogenesis of biofilm-associated infections remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanism behind increased biofilm-forming potential of a menadione-auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus SCV compared with the wild-type parental strain, as recently reported by our laboratory. SCVs displayed an autoaggregative phenotype, with a greater amount of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), significantly reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and a decreased susceptibility to aminoglycosides and cell-wall inhibitors compared with wild-type. The biofilms formed by the SCV were highly structured, consisting of large microcolonies separated by channels, and contained more biomass as well as significantly more PIA than wild-type biofilms. The surface hydrophobicity of the two phenotypes was similar. Thus, the autoaggregation and increased biofilm-forming capacity of menadione-auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus SCVs in this study was related to the enhanced production of PIA in these variants.

Sporulation ofGibberella ZeaeIV. Role of the Tricarboxylic-Acid Cycle in Macroconidium Production

Mycologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bor-Fuei Huang ◽  
R. F. Dawson ◽  
R. A. Cappellini
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle

scholarly journals Role of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the NADP-Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Isocitrate Lyase Reaction in Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 1176-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ogawa ◽  
Keiko Murakami ◽  
Hirotada Mori ◽  
Nobuyoshi Ishii ◽  
Masaru Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylate Shunt ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Uncompetitive Inhibition

ABSTRACT Phosphoenolpyruvate inhibited Escherichia coli NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase allosterically (Ki of 0.31 mM) and isocitrate lyase uncompetitively (Ki ′ of 0.893 mM). Phosphoenolpyruvate enhances the uncompetitive inhibition of isocitrate lyase by increasing isocitrate, which protects isocitrate dehydrogenase from the inhibition, and contributes to the control through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate shunt.

Role of Fur on cyanide tolerance of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1854-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Becerra ◽  
Rafael Blasco ◽  
Alberto Quesada ◽  
Faustino Merchán ◽  
M. Isabel Igeño
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Storage

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 can be used in cyanide bioremediation processes because it grows at pH 9.5 using 2.0 mM cyanide at the sole nitrogen source. Cyanide strongly binds to metals creating iron-deprivation conditions. The bacterium responds to the presence of cyanide by inducing several processes such as siderophore synthesis for iron capture, cyanide-insensitive respiration system and defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. Since high concentrations of cyanide cause iron deficiency and because iron is an essential nutrient, bacterial growth in the presence of cyanide requires an efficient iron uptake. Fur is a global transcription factor that regulates a diversity of biological processes such as iron homoeostasis, TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle metabolism and oxidative stress response. Fur's regulation of iron uptake and storage genes should play a significant role in the lives of these bacteria. In the present review, current knowledge of Fur is summarized.

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