scholarly journals Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry as Indicators of Bone Mineral Density in Young Women and Nutritional Factors Affecting It

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Schraders ◽  
Giancarla Zatta ◽  
Marlena Kruger ◽  
Jane Coad ◽  
Janet Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

Young adulthood is an important stage in the accrual of bone mass. Young women are often unaware of the need, and how to optimize modifiable risk factors, particularly intake of nutrients associated with good bone health. In this study, an accessible way to estimate osteoporosis risk, quantitative ultrasound (QUS), is compared to the gold-standard technique dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a group of 54 healthy young women (18–26 years) from Manawatu, New Zealand, and the relationship with nutrient intake is investigated. Broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound (BUA, SOS) were assessed by QUS calcaneal scans and bone mineral concentration/density (BMC/BMD) were determined by DXA scans of the lumbar spine and hip (total and femoral neck). Dietary intake of energy, protein, and calcium was estimated using three-day food diaries and questionnaires. DXA mean Z-scores (>−2.0) for the hip (0.19) and spine (0.2) and QUS mean Z-scores (>−1.0) (0.41) were within the expected ranges. DXA (BMD) and QUS (BUA, SOS) measurements were strongly correlated. Median intakes of protein and calcium were 83.7 g/day and 784 mg/day, respectively. Protein intake was adequate and, whilst median calcium intake was higher than national average, it was below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). No significant relationship was found between dietary intake of calcium or protein and BMD or BMC. To conclude, QUS may provide a reasonable indicator of osteoporosis risk in young women but may not be an appropriate diagnostic tool. Increased calcium intake is recommended for this group, regardless of BMD.

scholarly journals Reply to “Sample Size Calculation. Comment on Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry as Indicators of Bone Mineral Density in Young Women and Nutritional Factors Affecting It, Nutrients, 2019, 11, 2336”

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Katie Schraders ◽  
Giancarla Zatta ◽  
Marlena Kruger ◽  
Jane Coad ◽  
Janet Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray

We would like to thank Moran and Sanchez Fernandez [...]

scholarly journals Correction: Schraders, K. et al. Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry as Indicators of Bone Mineral Density in Young Women and Nutritional Factors Affecting It. Nutrients, 2019, 11, 2336

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Schraders ◽  
Giancarla Zatta ◽  
Marlena Kruger ◽  
Jane Coad ◽  
Janet Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray

The authors would like to make the following correction to our recent publication [...]

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of strontium in bone mineral density measurements of trabecular bone mimicking phantoms using quantitative ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisma Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasound Attenuation

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard method used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, it is well-established that the presence of strontium in bone could lead to significant error in measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and diagnosis of osteoporosis using DXA. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop novel bone-mimicking phantoms containing different concentrations of strontium, and (2) to investigate the effect of bone strontium content on the BMD measurement using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique. Measurements using the research and clinical QUS systems showed a strong dependency of the BUA (broadband ultrasound attenuation) of the medium with the BMD. Moreover, increasing strontium concentrations in bone phantoms of up to 3 mol% strontium showed no effect on the BUA or the SOS values measured with either system. Therefore, the QUS technique is independent of level of bone strontium of up to 3 mol/mol [Sr/(Sr+Ca)] %.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of strontium in bone mineral density measurements of trabecular bone mimicking phantoms using quantitative ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisma Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasound Attenuation

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard method used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, it is well-established that the presence of strontium in bone could lead to significant error in measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and diagnosis of osteoporosis using DXA. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop novel bone-mimicking phantoms containing different concentrations of strontium, and (2) to investigate the effect of bone strontium content on the BMD measurement using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique. Measurements using the research and clinical QUS systems showed a strong dependency of the BUA (broadband ultrasound attenuation) of the medium with the BMD. Moreover, increasing strontium concentrations in bone phantoms of up to 3 mol% strontium showed no effect on the BUA or the SOS values measured with either system. Therefore, the QUS technique is independent of level of bone strontium of up to 3 mol/mol [Sr/(Sr+Ca)] %.

scholarly journals Quantitative ultrasound assessment of the effect of parity on bone mineral density in females

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Akil ◽  
Huda Al-Mohammed ◽  
Norah Al-Batati ◽  
Maissa Tirsen ◽  
Ahad Al-Otaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Portable Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Densitometer ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The effect of pregnancy and breastfeeding on a female’s bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. This prospective study aims to investigate the effect of parity on BMD among pre-menopausal multiparous females using quantitative ultrasound as a screening method and females with no pregnancies (nulliparous) as a control group. Methods A portable ultrasound-based bone densitometer (DMS PEGASUS SMART, Mauguio, France) was used to indirectly assess the BMD in 51 multiparous (29–45 years) and 51 nulliparous Arabic females (18–35 years) by quantifying the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) from their right calcaneus bone. BUA > 70 db/mhz = normal, BUA 65–69.9 db/mhz = below average, BUA 55–64.9 db/mhz = osteopenia and BUA < 55 db/mhz = osteoporosis. Results There was a significant difference in mean BUA between multiparous and nulliparous females (74.1 db/mhz vs. 69.3 db/mhz, p = 0.006). The prevalence of normal BMD was significantly higher in the nulliparous group than in the multiparous group (70.6% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.02). Osteoporosis was found in the multiparous group only (3/51). Among the multiparous females who breastfed (43/51), a total of 51.2% (22/43) had normal BMD, 25.6% (11/43) had BMD below average, 18.6% (8/43) had osteopenia and 4.7% (2/43) had osteoporosis. No significant differences in mean BUA (p = 0.2) were found between the group of females who breastfed for one year (13/43; BUA: 70.5 ± 9.4), the group of females who breastfed for 6–11 months (8/43; BUA: 70.6 ± 10.0) and those who breastfed for less than six months (22/43; BUA: 71.6 ± 9.4). A binary logistic regression model built for predicting BMD normality showed significance for the variable parity (p = 0.03), while the effect of the possible confounding variables BMI and age on BMD normality was found to be non- significant (p = 0.1 and p = 0.6, respectively). Conclusion Parity affects the BMD, as assessed by a portable ultrasound-based bone densitometer, of young and middle-aged females as compared to the BMD of nulliparous females.

scholarly journals OR27-04 Risk Factors For Low Baseline Bone Mineral Density In Gender Diverse Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita K Hodax ◽  
Charles Brady ◽  
Sara A DiVall ◽  
Kristen Carlin ◽  
Hedieh Khalatbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Transgender Youth ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract Background Sex steroids such as testosterone and estrogen are necessary for accumulation of bone mass. Transgender youth treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) to block natal puberty for gender-affirming care are at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD). Previous studies indicate that transfemale patients assigned male at birth (AMAB) have low BMD at baseline, during and after GnRHa treatment despite cross hormone treatment. Transmales assigned female at birth (AFAB), however, have normal BMD at baseline that decreases upon GnRHa treatment, with normalization upon cross hormone therapy. The reason(s) for the low baseline BMD in transfemales is unclear. We aimed to assess the baseline characteristics of transgender youth at a single multidisciplinary gender clinic prior to medical intervention and determine factors associated with BMD. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of patients &lt;19 years old evaluated in the gender clinic. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were obtained prior to initiation of GnRHa or cross-hormone therapy per Endocrine Society guidelines for the treatment of gender dysphoria. We included patients with DXA scans completed prior to initiation of treatment with GnRHa or cross gender hormones and excluded those with concurrent medical diagnoses that may affect bone density. Data collected were bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores, anthropometric data, vitamin D and calcium levels, and calcium intake. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the impact of vitamin D levels, height Z-score, weight Z-score, and BMI Z-score on subtotal body BMD Z-score, adjusted for sex assigned at birth and age. Results Sixty-four patients were included in our analysis. Of these, 73% were AMAB and 27% AFAB. Gender identity was male in 14%, female in 44%, and non-binary in 42%. Average height Z-score was 0.12, weight Z-score 0.27, and BMI Z-score 0.22 (using sex assigned at birth). Subtotal body BMD Z-scores were greater than zero in 11%, between zero and greater than -2 in 59%, and less than or equal to -2 in 30% of tested patients. AMAB patients had lower BMD Z-scores compared to those AFAB (p&lt;0.05 for all Z-scores). There was a positive association with BMI, height, and weight Z-scores and increasing BMD Z-scores after adjusting for sex assigned at birth and age (p&lt;0.05 for all Z-scores). Patients who consumed &lt;2 servings of calcium per day had lower BMD Z-scores (p&lt;0.05 for all Z-scores). Average vitamin D level was 24 ng/ml (+/- 9.5 SD) with no significant association with BMD Z-scores (adjusted for sex assigned at birth). Conclusions Patients AMAB and patients with calcium intake of &lt; 2 servings/day are associated with lower baseline BMD in a cohort of adolescents seen in a multidisciplinary gender clinic. Height, weight, and BMI are associated linearly with BMD Z-score, following patterns previously described in other populations.

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