scholarly journals Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Phytochemicals from Selected Edible Nuts

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmín C. Stevens-Barrón ◽  
Laura A. de la Rosa ◽  
Abraham Wall-Medrano ◽  
Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Total Fat

The ultimate health benefits of peanuts and tree nuts partially depend on the effective gastrointestinal delivery of their phytochemicals. The chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols and phenolic compounds from peanuts and seven tree nuts were evaluated by analytical and chemometric methods. Total fat and dietary fiber (g 100 g−1) ranged from 34.2 (Emory oak acorn) to 72.5 (pink pine nut; PPN) and from 1.2 (PPN) to 22.5 (pistachio). Samples were rich in oleic and linoleic acids (56–87 g 100 g−1 oil). Tocopherols and tocotrienols (mg·kg−1) ranged from 48.1 (peanut) to 156.3 (almond) and 0 (almond, pecan) to 22.1 (PPN) and hydrophilic phenolics from 533 (PPN) to 12,896 (Emory oak acorn); flavonoids and condensed tannins (mg CE.100 g−1) ranged from 142 (white pine nut) to 1833 (Emory oak acorn) and 14 (PPN) to 460 (Emory oak acorn). Three principal components explained 90% of the variance associated with the diversity of antioxidant phytochemicals in samples. In vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols, hydrophilic phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins ranged from 11–51%, 16–79%, 25–55%, 0–100%, and 0–94%, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed a potential influence of dietary fiber, fats and/or unsaturated fatty acids on phytochemical bioaccessibility, in a structure-specific manner.

scholarly journals Bioaccesibility, Metabolism, and Excretion of Lipids Composing Spent Coffee Grounds

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Iriondo-DeHond ◽  
Fresia Santillan Cornejo ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Gomez ◽  
Gema Vera ◽  
Eduardo Guisantes-Batan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Total Fat

The bioaccessibility, metabolism, and excretion of lipids composing spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were investigated. An analysis of mycotoxins and an acute toxicity study in rats were performed for safety evaluation. Total fat, fatty acids, and diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) were determined in SCGs and their digests obtained in vitro. A pilot repeated intake study was carried out in Wistar rats using a dose of 1 g SCGs/kg b.w. for 28 days. Fat metabolism was evaluated by analysis of total fat, cholesterol, and histology in liver. The dietary fiber effect of SCGs was measured radiographically. The absence of mycotoxins and toxicity was reported in SCGs. A total of 77% of unsaturated fatty acids and low amounts of kahweol (7.09 µg/g) and cafestol (414.39 µg/g) were bioaccessible after in vitro digestion. A significantly lower (p < 0.1) accumulation of lipids in the liver and a higher excretion of these in feces was found in rats treated with SCGs for 28 days. No lipid droplets or liver damage were observed by histology. SCGs acutely accelerated intestinal motility in rats. SCGs might be considered a sustainable, safe, and healthy food ingredient with potential for preventing hepatic steatosis due to their effect as dietary fiber with a high fat-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Venanzio Grown in Tuscany: Chemical Composition and In Vitro Investigation of Potential Effects on Colorectal Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Federica Finetti ◽  
Marco Biagi ◽  
Jasmine Ercoli ◽  
Giulia Macrì ◽  
Elisabetta Miraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Promising Source

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is a leguminous species that is an important dietary component due to its high content of proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, dietary fibers and vitamins. Due to the high content of polyphenols, several biological activities have been described for bean extracts, making it possible to include P. vulgaris among food with beneficial effects for human health. Moreover, more than 40,000 varieties of beans have been recognised with different nutraceutical properties, pointing out the importance of food biodiversity. In this work, we describe for the first time the chemical composition and biological activity of a newly recognized Italian variety of P. vulgaris grown in a restricted area of the Tuscany region and named “Fagiola di Venanzio”. Fagiola di Venanzio water extract is rich in proteins, sugars and polyphenols and displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities in in vitro assays on colon cancer cellular models. Our data indicate that this variety of P. vulgaris appears to be a promising source of bioactive compounds and encourage more in-depth studies to better elucidate the implications of its consumption for public health.

Cover crops as alternative forages for ruminants: nutritive characteristics, in vitro digestibility, methane and ammonia production

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Maxin ◽  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Josiane Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Berseem Clover

Context The use of cover crops provides agronomic and environmental benefits in crop–livestock systems. They can also constitute alternative forage resources for ruminants, particularly when climatic conditions limit grass supply. However, information on the nutritive value of these crops remains scarce. Aims The objective of the present study was to assess the fresh forage potential of several plant species (sainfoin, buckwheat, phacelia, berseem clover, crimson clover and vetch) commonly used as cover crops and harvested at two phenological stages, namely, vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Methods Chemical composition and fermentation parameters after in vitro ruminal incubation of the plant species were measured and compared with those of lucerne. Key results Chemical composition and in vitro organic-matter digestibility varied both with species (P &lt; 0.001) and stage (P &lt; 0.001). Crude protein concentration (g/kg dry matter) varied at VS from 212 (sainfoin) to 151 (phacelia), and at FS from 187 (vetch) to 88 (phacelia). The in vitro organic-matter digestibility at VS varied from 0.91 (buckwheat) to 0.82 (lucerne), and at FS from 0.81 (vetch) to 0.74 (lucerne). Buckwheat and sainfoin had the greatest concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds. The incubation of phacelia, sainfoin and buckwheat resulted in a lower production of volatile fatty acids than did incubation with the other plant species. Methane production was lower at both stages for phacelia (–26%), buckwheat (–12%), sainfoin (–14%) and berseem clover (–13%) than it was for lucerne. Ammonia production expressed as total N proportion was significantly lower for sainfoin and buckwheat than for the other plant species. The reductions in methane and ammonia appeared to be linked to certain phenolic compounds for buckwheat and to condensed tannins for sainfoin. Conclusions The present study showed that these cover crop species hold nutritive characteristics as good as lucerne, indicating that they could be suitable for ruminant nutrition. Moreover, buckwheat and sainfoin have potential beneficial effects on methane and ammonia production. Implications These results constitute a first step towards a recommendation to farmers to use cover crops as forage.

scholarly journals Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as a Functional Component in Durum Wheat Pasta Production: Impact on Chemical Composition, In Vitro Glycemic Index, and Quality Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6909
Author(s):  
Ada Krawęcka ◽  
Aldona Sobota ◽  
Urszula Pankiewicz ◽  
Ewelina Zielińska ◽  
Piotr Zarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a good source of biologically active compounds with proven beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nettle herb supplementation on chemical composition, including the content of selected minerals and pigments, the in vitro glycemic response, and the cooking and sensory quality of extruded pasta. Tagliatelle-shaped pasta was produced under semi-technical scale by partial replacement of durum wheat semolina with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of lyophilized nettle. The partial substitution with freeze-dried nettle caused a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the content of minerals, especially calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium in the products. The calcium content in the pasta fortified with 5%-addition of stinging nettle was 175.9 mg 100 g−1 and this concentration was 5.8 times higher than in the control sample. At the same time, high content of chlorophylls and carotenoids (237.58 µg g−1 and 13.35 µg g−1, respectively) was noticed. Enriching pasta with a 0–5% addition of stinging nettle resulted in a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the content of the total dietary fiber (TDF) (from 5.1 g 100 g−1 to 8.82 g 100 g−1) and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) (from 2.29 g 100 g−1 to 5.63 g 100 g−1). The lowest hydrolysis index of starch (HI = 17.49%) and the lowest glycemic index (GI = 49.31%) were noted for the pasta enriched with 3% nettle.

Effect of dietary fiber (inulin) addition on phenolics and in vitro bioaccessibility of tomato sauce

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Tomas ◽  
Jules Beekwilder ◽  
Robert D. Hall ◽  
Carmen Diez Simon ◽  
Osman Sagdic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

scholarly journals Variation of Morphological, Agronomic and Chemical Composition Traits of Local Hazelnuts Collected in Northern Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Campa Negrillo ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez Madrera ◽  
Belén Suárez Valles ◽  
Juan Jose Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Flowering Periods ◽  
Total Fat

Hazelnut is a traditional crop in northern Spain, where it grows wild as well as being cultivated. A field collection of 41 local and 17 non-local accessions, including 15 well-known cultivars, was established at SERIDA in Villaviciosa, Spain. Here, phenotypic variation was documented for phenological and morphological traits and chemical composition. A large degree of variation for most morphological and phenological traits, except nut maturity date, was revealed. Estimates of broad-sense heritability were high (&gt;0.75) for most of the assessed characters, except for the first male bloom date (0.65), male and female flowering periods (0.40, 0.31), kernel weight (0.69), and kernel percentage (0.33). Local accessions produced smaller nuts and kernels than well-known cultivars but with higher kernel percentage. Limited overlapping between the male and female flowering periods (dychogamy) was observed, except for ‘Forcinas 1’, ‘Forcinas 2’, and ‘Morell’. The local accessions generally exhibited significantly later male and female flowering compared with the reference cultivars. The local materials showed similar nutritional values to those reported previously for hazelnut. Moreover, the local accessions presented average values similar to the non-local accessions for total fat, ash and carbohydrate contents, as well as energy value, but their protein contents were lower. Their oils were rich in functional compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids (average: 90.1%), tocopherols (514 mg/kg) and squalene (294.3 mg/kg). A hierarchical clustering on principal components analysis grouped the accessions and differentiated eight local accessions from the rest, including the landrace ‘Casina’. This finding provides potential new cultivars, as well as sources of desirable traits, for European hazelnut breeding programs.

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