scholarly journals The Role of Early Pregnancy Maternal Selenium Levels on the Risk for Small-for-Gestational Age Newborns

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽  
Stefan Sajdak ◽  
Jan Lubiński
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Oxidative Balance

It has not yet been established, whether or not the maternal serum selenium (Se) in early pregnancy may be a risk marker of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Selenium is important for human health and is involved in oxidative balance, a key element in the development of the placenta and fetus. This innovative study was nested in a prospective cohort of 750 women recruited in the 10–14th week of a single pregnancy, all of whom were healthy during recruitment. We examined mothers delivering SGA infants (with birth weight <10th percentile) (n = 48) and matched mothers delivering appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants (between 10–90th percentile) (n = 192). We measured the maternal microelement concentrations in the serum from the 10–14th gestational week, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The odds ratios of SGA (and 95% confidence intervals) were assessed in logistic regression. The mean maternal Se concentrations were lower in mothers in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (59.60 vs. 62.54 µg/L; p = 0.020). Women in the lowest Q1 quartile of Se (≤56.60 µg/L) have about three times higher risk of SGA compared to women in the higher quartiles (Q2 or Q4); the odds ratio of SGA was OR = 3.02 (p = 0.019) for Q1 vs. Q2 quartile. The risk profile graph confirms the results. We found that excessive pre-pregnancy BMI (body mass index) affected the estimated SGA odds ratios. Early pregnancy maternal serum selenium status can be a risk marker of SGA newborns and more research is needed in larger groups.

scholarly journals High Maternal Serum Estradiol Environment in the First Trimester Is Associated With the Increased Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ling Hu ◽  
Chun Feng ◽  
Xian-Hua Lin ◽  
Zi-Xing Zhong ◽  
Yi-Min Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Context: There are increasing concerns that a disrupted endocrine environment may disturb the growth of the fetus. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) situates gamete/embryo in a supraphysiological estradiol (E2) environment and, thus, provides an ideal model to investigate this problem. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether the maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester increases the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. Methods: In total, 8869 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) (n = 2610), frozen ET (n = 1039), and natural conception (NC) (n = 5220) and their mothers were included. Birth weight, LBW, SGA, and maternal serum E2 levels were investigated. Results: The mean serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were significantly higher than those of the women undergoing frozen ET and the women with NC (P &lt; .01). Serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were positively correlated to those on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (r = 0.5 and r = 0.4, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). The birth weight after fresh ET was significantly lower than that after frozen ET and NC (P &lt; 0.01), with increased incidence of LBW and SGA (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, in the fresh ET group, singletons of mothers with high E2 levels (≥10460 pmol/L on the day of hCG administration) had higher risks of LBW (P &lt; .01) and SGA (P &lt; .01) than those with low E2 levels, and maternal serum E2 level on the day of hCG administration negatively correlated with the birth weight (P &lt; .01). Conclusions: The maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester is correlated with increased risks of LBW and SGA. Evaluation of serum E2 before ET should be adopted to reduce the possibility of high E2 exposure to gamete/embryo.

scholarly journals First Trimester Serum Copper or Zinc Levels, and Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽  
Stefan Sajdak ◽  
Wojciech Marciniak ◽  
Jan Lubiński
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Zinc Levels

Early identification of women at risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is very important. The involvement of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidative balance suggests the possibility of their association with this disease, in which oxidative stress plays a key role. However, it has not been established so far whether the microelement levels in early pregnancy may be risk markers of the disease, as prospective studies are limited in number. In our innovative single-center study, we identified from a prospective cohort of healthy women in the 10–14th week of a single pregnancy: women subsequently developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 121) and matched women remaining normotensive (n = 363). We measured the concentrations of microelements in the serum from 10–14 week, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The odds ratios of the disease (and 95% confidence intervals) were assessed in logistic regression. In the whole cohort, the odds ratio (OR) of PIH was 1.52 (p = 0.174) for women in the lowest (Q1) quartile of Cu (≤1540.58 µg/L) compared with women in the highest (Q4) quartile (>1937.46 µg/L), but adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.17 (p = 0.019) after adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational age at recruitment. The higher levels of Cu in the subgroup of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to normal BMI were found (1847.64 vs. 1673.36 µg/L; p < 0.0001). In the subgroup of women with the normal pre-pregnancy BMI, the adjusted odds ratio of PIH was AOR = 2.95 (p = 0.040) for Q1 vs. Q4 quartile. Our results suggest that lower Cu levels in early pregnancy may be connected with higher risk of PIH, but BMI affected estimated odds ratios. Zinc levels had no effect on the risk.

scholarly journals Relatively Low Maternal Aflatoxin Exposure Is Associated with Small-for-Gestational-Age but Not with Other Birth Outcomes in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study of Nepalese Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1818-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Y Andrews-Trevino ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Gerald Shively ◽  
Beatrice L Rogers ◽  
Kedar Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background Exposure to aflatoxin has garnered increased attention as a possible contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of maternal aflatoxin exposure with adverse birth outcomes such as birth weight, birth length, anthropometric z scores, low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), stunting, and preterm birth (PTB). Methods This study used maternal and newborn data from the AflaCohort Study, an ongoing birth cohort study in Banke, Nepal (n = 1621). Data on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-lysine adducts in maternal serum were collected once during pregnancy (at mean ± SD: 136 ± 43 d of gestation). Maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was measured via HPLC. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine if maternal aflatoxin exposure was associated with 1) birth weight and length (primary outcomes) and 2) anthropometric z scores, LBW (weight <2.5 kg), SGA (weight <10th percentile for gestational age and sex), stunting at birth (length-for-age z score less than −2), or PTB (born <37 weeks of gestation) (secondary outcomes). Results The geometric mean of maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was 1.37 pg/mg albumin (95% CI: 1.30, 1.44 pg/mg albumin). Twenty percent of infants were of LBW and 32% were SGA. Sixteen percent of infants were stunted at birth. In addition, 13% of infants were born preterm. In logistic multivariate regression models, mean maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations were significantly associated with SGA (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.27; P < 0.05). Conclusions Findings from this study suggest a small but significant association between serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations in pregnant women and SGA. Maternal aflatoxin exposure was not associated with other birth outcomes. These results highlight the need for future research on a threshold level of aflatoxin exposure needed to produce detectable adverse birth outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03312049.

scholarly journals High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ling Hu ◽  
Shuai Shi ◽  
Ning-Ning Hou ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Embryo Tissue

AbstractHigh maternal serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E2 levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E2 levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured. The expression levels of imprinted genes and DNMT1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and KvDMR1 methylation in embryo tissue, placenta, and newborn cord blood samples was examined by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The effect of E2 on CDKN1C expression was investigated in HTR8 cells. The incidence of SGA was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies reduced to singleton than that in primary singleton pregnancies (11.4% vs. 2.9%) (P < 0.01) and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins than primary twins (38.5% vs. 27.3%) (P < 0.01). The maternal serum E2 level at 8 weeks of gestation increased with the number of fetuses and was negatively correlated with offspring birth weight. CDKN1C and DNMT1 expression was significantly upregulated in embryo tissue, placenta, and cord blood from multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CDKN1C mRNA expression and KvDMR1 methylation levels. In HTR8 cells, DNMT1 mediated the estrogen-induced upregulation of CDKN1C, which might contribute to SGA. To minimize the risks of LBW and SGA, our findings suggest that abnormally high maternal serum E2 levels should be avoided during the first trimester of multiple pregnancies from assisted reproductive technology (ART).

scholarly journals Diet Quality Is Associated with a High Newborn Size and Reduction in the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age in a Group of Mexican Pregnant Women: An Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
María A. Reyes-López. ◽  
Carla P. González-Leyva ◽  
Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Eloisa Colin-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Newborn Size

A high-quality diet during pregnancy may have positive effects on fetal growth and nutritional status at birth, and it may modify the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and newborn nutritional status in a group of pregnant Mexican women. As part of the ongoing Mexican prospective cohort study, OBESO, we studied 226 healthy pregnant women. We adapted the Alternated Healthy Eating Index-2010 for pregnancy (AHEI-10P). The association between maternal diet and newborn nutritional status was investigated by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. We applied three 24-h recalls during the second half of gestation. As the AHEI-10P score improved by 5 units, the birth weight and length increased (β = 74.8 ± 35.0 g and β = 0.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27–0.82 and OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.85, respectively). In women without preeclampsia and/or GDM, the risk of stunting decreased as the diet quality score increased (+5 units) (OR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.40–0.96). A high-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with a higher newborn size and a reduced risk of LBW and SGA in this group of pregnant Mexican women.

563: Estimated placental volume (EPV): a novel predictor of small for gestational age birth weight (SGA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. S303
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Campbell ◽  
France Galerneau ◽  
Harvey Kliman ◽  
Radek K. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Placental Volume

Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽  
Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Santos Mello
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Does Lack of Multinutrient Supplementation During Early Pregnancy Increase Vulnerability to Alcohol-Related Preterm or Small-for-Gestational-Age Births?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1324-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Ammon Avalos ◽  
Lee Kaskutas ◽  
Gladys Block ◽  
Barbara Abrams ◽  
De-Kun Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age
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