scholarly journals Appetite-Suppressing and Satiety-Increasing Bioactive Phytochemicals: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Stuby ◽  
Isaac Gravestock ◽  
Evelyn Wolfram ◽  
Giuseppe Pichierri ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Treatment Effect ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals in food supplements are a trending approach to facilitate dieting and to improve patients’ adherence to reducing food and caloric intake. The aim of this systematic review was to assess efficacy and safety of the most commonly used bioactive phytochemicals with appetite/hunger-suppressing and/or satiety/fullness-increasing properties. To be eligible, studies needed to have included at least 10 patients per group aged 18 years or older with no serious health problems except for overweight or obesity. Of those studies, 32 met the inclusion criteria, in which 27 different plants were tested alone or as a combination, regarding their efficacy in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. The plant extracts most tested were derived from Camellia sinensis (green tea), Capsicum annuum, and Coffea species. None of the plant extracts tested in several trials showed a consistent positive treatment effect. Furthermore, only a few adverse events were reported, but none serious. The findings revealed mostly inconclusive evidence that the tested bioactive phytochemicals are effective in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. More systematic and high quality clinical studies are necessary to determine the benefits and safety of phytochemical complementary remedies for dampening the feeling of hunger during dieting.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of oral tolvaptan therapy in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G Verbalis ◽  
Suzanne Adler ◽  
Robert W Schrier ◽  
Tomas Berl ◽  
Qiong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Positive Treatment Effect ◽  
Positive Treatment

ObjectiveTolvaptan, an oral antagonist of the vasopressin V2 receptor, has been found to improve hyponatremia in patients with mixed etiologies. This study analyzed a subgroup of patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in this group.Design and patientsHyponatremic patients in the SALT-1 and SALT-2 studies with a diagnosis of SIADH were identified based on clinical diagnosis by individual study investigators. Subjects were randomized to receive oral placebo (n=52) or tolvaptan 15 mg daily, with further titration to 30 and 60 mg daily, if necessary, based on the response of serum [Na+] (n=58).ResultsIn patients with SIADH, improvement in serum [Na+] was significantly greater (P<0.0001) with tolvaptan than placebo over the first 4 days of therapy as well as the entire 30-day study, with minimal side effects of increased thirst, dry mouth, and urination. Only 5.9% of tolvaptan-treated patients had overly rapid correction of hyponatremia as defined by current guidelines. After discontinuation of tolvaptan, serum [Na+] declined to values similar to placebo. A significant positive treatment effect favoring tolvaptan on the physical component, and a near-significant trend on the mental component, was found using the SF-12 Health Survey. Tolvaptan was associated with a significantly reduced incidence of fluid restriction.ConclusionsResults for the SIADH subgroup were analogous to those of the combined SALT population regarding efficacy and safety but demonstrated a greater improvement in the physical component of the SF-12 Health Survey than in the full mixed etiology SALT patient group.

scholarly journals Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima Khadra ◽  
Leila Itani ◽  
Yomna Chebaro ◽  
May Obeid ◽  
Miryam Jaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: In the last two decades, a new phenotype termed Sarcopenic Obesity (SO), in which sarcopenia and obesity coexist, has emerged. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (Mets) among individuals with and without SO, and second, to determine if SO may increase the relative risk of Mets. Methods: This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of metaanalysis and narrative synthesis. Results: Twelve studies including a total of 11,308 adults with overweight or obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, a similar overall prevalence of Mets in individuals with SO (61.49%; 95% CI: 52.19-70.40) when compared to those without SO (56.74%; 95% CI: 47.32-65.93) was identified. Second, the presence of SO appears not to increase the risk of Mets with respect to those without SO (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.17, p = 0.07). Conclusion: No higher prevalence of Mets among individuals with SO when compared to those with obesity only, nor a significant association between SO and a higher risk of Mets was found.

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors in Non-Diabetic Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanrui Zheng ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Sheyu Li ◽  
Qingyang Shi ◽  
Shengzhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Quality Evidence ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

BackgroundSodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have proven to be effective in improving glycemic control and lowering body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the efficacy and safety on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity but not diabetes remain unclear. In this article, we aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in adults with overweight or obesity but not diabetes in randomized controlled studies (RCTs).MethodsWe searched for RCTs concerning SGLT2 inhibitors in adults with overweight or obesity but not diabetes in Medline (Ovid SP), Embase (Ovid SP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid SP), and ClinicalTrials.gov up to February 2021. The primary outcomes were changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to test the reliability of the primary outcomes. We analyzed the data using Review Manager 5.3 and pooled data to calculate the mean differences (MDs) or the relative risk (RR). We assessed the evidence quality of evidence of outcomes according to GRADE.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials involving 872 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the placebo group, the SGLT2 inhibitors group had statistically significant reductions in absolute changes in body weight (MD: -1.42 kg, 95% CI: -1.70 to -1.14; P&lt;0.00001) and BMI (MD: -0.47 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.31; P&lt;0.00001) in SGLT2 inhibitors group, as indicated by TSA. However, no significant benefits were observed in the SGLT2 inhibitors group in terms of waist circumference (MD: -1.34 cm, 95%CI: -2.75 to 0.07; Z=1.86, P=0.06) compared with the placebo group. The GRADE profiles indicated very low-quality evidence for body weight change and low-quality evidence for BMI change. SGLT2 inhibitors were generally safe and well tolerated.ConclusionSGLT2 inhibitors could be used in selected adults with overweight and obesity but not diabetes if they are at low risk of genital infection and urinary infection. Further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in adults with overweight or obesity but not diabetes for long-term weight management.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#loginpage], identifier [PROSPERO, CRD42021252931]

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 56 Randomized Controlled Trials

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Zhou Lin ◽  
Junju Zheng ◽  
Mangmang Chen ◽  
Jiaru Chen ◽  
Jiejun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Lysholm Score ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Lequesne Index

Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods. An electronic search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese VIP Database, and Wanfang Database) from inception until December 2019. The risk of bias assessment of the included RCTs was evaluated by Cochrane collaboration’s tool. The inclusion criteria were RCTs that investigated the efficacy and safety of CHM in the treatment of KOA, with no restrictions on publication status or language. The exclusion criteria included nonrandomized or quasi-RCTs, no clear KOA diagnostic approach, combined Chinese medicinal herbs with other traditional Chinese medicine treatment modalities, and published using repeated data and missing data. We computed the relative risk (RR) and the standard mean difference (SMD) for dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes, respectively. When heterogeneity was detected or there was significant statistical heterogeneity ( P < 0.05 or I 2 > 50 % ), a random-effects model was employed, followed by further subgroup analysis and metaregression estimations to ascertain the origins of heterogeneity. Otherwise, we used a fixed-effects model ( P ≥ 0.05 or I 2 ≤ 50 % ). The primary outcome measures were visual analog score (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, and Lequesne index. Secondary outcome measures were the total clinical effective rate and adverse events. The meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 14.0 software. Results. A total of 56 RCTs comprising 5350 patients met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis showed that application of CHM as adjuvant therapy or monotherapy for KOA can significantly decrease VAS, WOMAC, and the Lequesne index and improve the Lysholm score as well as the total effective rate. In addition, this treatment has fewer adverse effects, suggesting that CHM is generally safe and well tolerated among patients with KOA. Conclusion. Our study offers supportive evidence that CHM, either adjuvant therapy or monotherapy, reduces the VAS, WOMAC, and Lequesne index and improves the Lysholm score and overall effective rate in patients with KOA. Additionally, CHM was well tolerated and safe in KOA patients. We found frequently used CHMs that might contribute to the formulation of a herbal formula that could be considered for further clinical use. However, given the heterogeneity and limited sample size in this study, larger multicenter and high-quality RCTs are needed to validate the benefits of CHM in the treatment of KOA.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTS IN ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E.J. Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Positive Treatment Effect ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Overall Risk

Objective: Current treatments have only a modest effect on impairment in Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) and there is no treatment currently licensed for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Oxidative stress is postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD and MCI and this provides a rationale for treatment with antioxidant supplements. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplements in people with AD and MCI. Methods: A systematic review of published randomised controlled trials was carried out. 4 electronic databases were searched. Studies were included if they compared the use of a placebo with the following antioxidant supplements in people with AD or MCI: Vitamin e, vitamin c, selenium, alpha lipoic acid, phenols, zinc, curcumin, beta carotene, coenzyme Q10, melatonin. The primary outcome measure was cognitive impairment. Secondary outcome measures included functional impairment, behavioural disturbance and safety. Results: 10 trials were identified which met the inclusion criteria. Outcome data was not suitable for meta-analysis. 5 studies reported a small positive treatment effect on cognition and 1 reported a negative effect. 2 reported a positive treatment effect on functional ability and 1 on behaviour. There were no consistent adverse effects found overall however two studies raised concern of possible worsening of cognition in certain circumstances. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review do not support the use of antioxidant supplements to slow cognitive, functional or behavioural deterioration in people with AD or MCI. However the majority of included studies had a high or unknown risk of bias. In the one study which had a low overall risk of bias, there was evidence that antioxidant supplements may have a positive effect on functional decline in AD. The overall risk of harm associated with short term antioxidant supplementation appears to be low however caution is warranted. Further studies evaluating the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD are suggested.

scholarly journals Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Natalie C Frayer ◽  
Yeonsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Objective: This paper evaluates the association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and overweight or obesity in the offspring. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was conducted using MedLine, PubMed, CINAHL-Plus and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies on participants with live singleton births at ?28 weeks gestation who had consumed caffeine during pregnancy. Included were studies reporting both measurement of maternal caffeine intake and offspring anthropometric measurements. Studies reporting serum paraxanthine, a measurement of caffeine intake, were also included. Results: After final elimination, there were eight studies meeting our inclusion criteria. From these studies, we deduced that caffeine intake during pregnancy between 50 mg and <150 mg/day was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity by excess fat deposition or increased weight, and elevated BMI per International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria using a reference population. The majority of studies reported the strongest association with maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and overweight and obesity risk beginning at ?300 mg/day. Conclusions and Global Health Implication: The risk of childhood overweight or obesity was associated with caffeine consumption at 50 mg/day during pregnancy with a stronger association at intakes ?300 mg/day and higher. The current recommendation of <200 mg/day of caffeine during pregnancy is likely associated with lower risk of overweight or obesity in offspring but avoidance of the substance is recommended. Key words: • Prenatal • Caffeine intake • Pregnancy • Childhood • Obesity • Overweight • Serum paraxanthine • Systematic review   Copyright © 2020 Frayer and Kim. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Non-systematic review of the results of using the technique of secondary chords cutting in ischemic mitral insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
I. I. Skopin ◽  
M. S. Latyshev ◽  
I. V. Slivneva ◽  
D. V. Murysova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Mitral Insufficiency ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ring Annuloplasty ◽  
Combined Operation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

<p>The article presents a non-systematic literature review aimed at studying the efficacy and safety of using the technique of resection of secondary chords in ischaemic mitral insufficiency. The review includes studies comparing the use of an isolated undersized ring annuloplasty and undersized ring annuloplasty with chordal cutting. <br />This study is an analysis of publications devoted to the surgical treatment of patients with ischaemic mitral insufficiency (type IIIb according to A. Carpentier classification). Intervention on the subvalvular structures was of interest, particularly the use of a chordal cutting technique in combination with undersized ring annuloplasty versus isolated undersized ring annuloplasty.<br />The Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to find articles. During the initial search, 72 articles were selected, of which 36 articles corresponded to the purpose of the search. After analysing the headings and abstracts, 14 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Full-text copies were obtained for all of them. The review design included retrospective cohort studies. Articles in which the assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the technique was not the main topic of the study were excluded from the analysis. Samples of three articles were formed after reviewing and analysing the texts.<br />The results of the study found that the implementation of the combined operation—undersized ring annuloplasty plus secondary chordal cutting—is significantly more effective in comparison with an isolated undersized ring annuloplasty.</p><p>Received 28 July 2020. Revised 6 October 2020. Accepted 7 October 2020.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>

Efficacy of ethanol ablation for treatment of benign cystic thyroid nodules: the first hospital-based study in Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Van Bang Nguyen ◽  
Van Vy Hau Nguyen ◽  
Binh Thang Tran ◽  
Chi Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ethanol Ablation ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Thyroid Cyst ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: In Vietnam, surgery or aspiration is preferred to treat thyroid cysts however each of them still have limitations. Purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethanol ablation in treating thyroid cysts and determine factors that predict the outcome of treatment. Methods: This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Family hospital and written informed consent for procedures was obtained. From May 2018 to March 2019, 23 patients who underwent treatment for thyroid cysts by EA were enrolled in this study and were followed up for 1 month at Family hospital. The primary endpoint was efficient after one month as the volume reduction ratio was ≥ 50%. Secondary endpoints were improvements in symptoms, cosmetic scores, and safety. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used. Results: In the finding, from May 2018 to March 2019, only 17 patients who matched inclusion criteria were included in the analyst, including 7 purely thyroid cysts, and 10 predominantly cystic nodules. Mean volume decreased significantly from 5.21 ± 3.37 ml to 2.35 ± 2.52 ml in corresponding to 52.87% of volume reduction with p < 0.05. Ethanol ablation (EA) success rate was 52.90% after 1 month. Symptoms and cosmetic scores were improved significantly. The thyroid function was constant. No adverse events occurred. Purely thyroid cyst was a predictive factor contributing to the success of EA. Conclusion: EA seems likely to be a safe and an efficient therapy for patients who had purely or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

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