scholarly journals Somatotropic Axis and Obesity: Is There Any Role for the Mediterranean Diet?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Daniela Laudisio ◽  
Carolina Di Somma ◽  
Gabriella Pugliese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity is associated with reduced spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion and basal insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) levels—which in turn is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate: (1) the association of somatotropic axis with cardiometabolic status; (2) the association of somatotropic axis with the Mediterranean diet and nutritional pattern in people with obesity. Cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 200 adult women, aged 36.98 ± 11.10 years with severe obesity (body mass index—BMI of 45.19 ± 6.30 kg/m2). The adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the total calorie intake was assessed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical profile were determined along with Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance—HoMA-IR). The enrolled subjects were compared after being divided according to GH peak response and according to IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS). Derangements of GH peak were detected in 61.5% of studied patients while IGF-1 deficiency was detected in 71% of the population. Both blunted GH peak response and IGF-1 SDS were indicators of derangements of somatotropic axis and were associated with comparable results in terms of cardiometabolic sequelae. Both GH peak and IGF-1 levels were inversely associated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet predicts GH peak response. Fatty liver index (FLI), fat mass (FM) and phase angle (PhA) were predictive factors of GH peak response as well. In conclusion derangements of somatotropic axis is associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile in people with obesity. A high adherence to the Mediterranean diet—and in particular protein intake—was associated with a better GH status.

scholarly journals A Combination of Metabolites Predicts Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Its Associations with Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Homeostasis in the General Population: The Fenland Study, United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Y N Tong ◽  
Albert Koulman ◽  
Julian L Griffin ◽  
Nicholas J Wareham ◽  
Nita G Forouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Background Cardiometabolic benefits of the Mediterranean diet have been recognized, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Objectives We aimed to investigate how the Mediterranean diet could influence circulating metabolites and how the metabolites could mediate the associations of the diet with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Among 10,806 participants (58.9% women, mean age = 48.4 y) in the Fenland Study (2004–2015) in the United Kingdom, we assessed dietary consumption with FFQs and conducted a targeted metabolomics assay for 175 plasma metabolites (acylcarnitines, amines, sphingolipids, and phospholipids). We examined cross-sectional associations of the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and its major components with each metabolite, modeling multivariable-adjusted linear regression. We used the regression estimates to summarize metabolites associated with the MDS into a metabolite score as a marker of the diet. Subsequently, we assessed how much metabolite subclasses and the metabolite score would mediate the associations of the MDS with circulating lipids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other metabolic factors by comparing regression estimates upon adjustment for the metabolites. Results Sixty-six metabolites were significantly associated with the MDS (P ≤ 0.003, corrected for false discovery rate) (Spearman correlations, r: −0.28 to +0.28). The metabolite score was moderately correlated with the MDS (r = 0.43). Of MDS components, consumption of nuts, cereals, and meats contributed to variations in acylcarnitines; fruits, to amino acids and amines; and fish, to phospholipids. The metabolite score was estimated to explain 37.2% of the inverse association of the MDS with HOMA-IR (P for mediation < 0.05). The associations of the MDS with cardiometabolic factors were estimated to be mediated by acylcarnitines, sphingolipids, and phospholipids. Conclusions Multiple metabolites relate to the Mediterranean diet in a healthy general British population and highlight the potential to identify a set of biomarkers for an overall diet. The associations may involve pathways of phospholipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin resistance in cirrhosis

Hepatology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehoud Shmueli ◽  
Murray Stewart ◽  
K. George ◽  
M. M. Alberti ◽  
Christopher O. Record
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor

Pulsatile growth hormone secretion, circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration and cellular density of somatotrophs differ between Wagyu and Holstein steers

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matsuzaki ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
S. Morita ◽  
N. Shiba ◽  
E. Tsuneishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Cellular Density

AbstractJapanese Black cattle (Wagyu), deposit much higher amounts of intramuscular fat, known as marbling, than other breeds of cattle. To determine whether this unique fat deposition is attributable to the somatotropic axis, we compared pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion, plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cellular density of somatotrophs (GH-expressing cells) in the anterior pituitary glands of Japanese Black and Holstein steers. Blood samples were withdrawn every 15 min for 6 h from 14 Japanese Black and 12 Holstein steers at about 17 months of age, and GH and IGF-1 concentrations were determined. The distribution and proportion of GH-expressing cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry combined with point-count morphometry in pituitaries from six steers from each breed aged about 18 to 21 months. Overall mean and baseline plasma GH concentrations were lower (P < 0·001) in Japanese Black than Holstein steers. In addition, Japanese Black had smaller (P < 0·05) amplitudes of GH secretory pulses than Holstein steers, whereas the GH pulse frequency did not differ between the breeds. Japanese Black steers also had lower (P < 0·001) plasma levels of IGF-1 than Holstein steers. The marbling score of Japanese Black steers was higher (P < 0·001) than that of Holsteins at the same carcass weight. The proportion of GH-expressing cells was smaller (P < 0·05) in Japanese Black than Holstein steers at the hind dorsal and hind ventral regions of the adenohypophysis. Thus, in Japanese Black and Holstein steers, the breed difference in the relative density of GH-expressing cells corresponded to that in profiles of pulsatile GH secretion. These results suggest that the features of the somatotropic axis intrinsically differ between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle and that these features may be partly responsible for the genetic ability of the former to deposit greater amounts of marbling fat and for the smaller frame of Wagyu cattle.

scholarly journals Study of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Abstract. The pro-oncogenic effects of obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been proven in some types of cancer, as well as in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of the research was to investigate the state of insulin resistance in patients suffering from oncological diseases and to compare insulin correlations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those with cancer. Materials and Methods. The study included the following groups of patients: Group I included healthy individuals (the control group); Group II comprised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; Group ІІІ included patients with cancer: subgroup IIIa comprised patients with breast cancer, subgroup IIIb included patients with endometrial cancer, subgroup IIIс comprised patients with colorectal cancer. Fasting blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method; hemoglobin A1c was determined by ion exchange chromatography; the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were determined by immune-enzyme method. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index. The results obtained were analyzed using statistical analysis. Results. Obesity was confirmed in all the groups of patients with cancer. Significantly higher body mass index, as compared to the control group, was found in patients with endometrial cancer (p = 0.008). In comparison with the control group, the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased significantly in all groups of patients with cancer (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sugar levels and hemoglobin A1c did not differ from the indicators in the control group (p > 0.05). Direct correlations between insulin and body mass index (p < 0.05), insulin-like growth factor-1 (p < 0.05) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index in patients of Group II and Group III were detected (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In obese patients with breast, uterine and colorectal cancer, there was found a decrease in insulin sensitivity, which might increase the proliferative effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1. Correlation analysis showed a probable association of cancer and diabetes mellitus due to obesity and insulin resistance.

Quality assurance in the analysis of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in disorders of the somatotropic axis

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bidlingmaier ◽  
Berthold P. Hauffa ◽  
Peter J. Trainer ◽  
Gwendolin Etzrodt-Walter ◽  
Joachim Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Growth Factor I

AbstractReliable laboratory analysis is fundamental to diagnostics, therapy, and follow-up of growth disturbance and secretory dysfunction of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Currently available commercial assays have their limitations, as they show large variations in hormone concentrations measured.The recommendations of an expert workshop with practicing endocrinologists from the fields of pediatrics and internal medicine and with laboratory physicians, with reference to the outcome of the interdisciplinary consensus conference in Keswick (Virginia, USA) in 2009, were used.Among the quality criteria stipulated by the workshop participants are the use of uniform reference standards, documentation of analytical conditions (such as calibrators, binding epitopes, cross-reactivity, and methods for removal from the binding protein), batch-to-batch consistency, and low inter-assay variability. The participants recommended developing assay-specific thresholds and reference intervals based on large and well-defined reference populations. It is furthermore recommended to delineate the assay quality, particularly with reference to clinically important cutoffs.The manufacturers of diagnostic assays should be obliged to regularly monitor and report the implementation of quality criteria. Only assays that are evaluated according to uniform quality standards and that are employed clinically permit informed diagnostic and therapy of patients with GH secretory dysfunction, preventing avoidable burden on both patients and paying authorities.

scholarly journals Modulation of growth hormone receptor-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis by dietary protein in young ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Firmenich ◽  
Nadine Schnepel ◽  
Kathrin Hansen ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Alexandra S. Muscher-Banse
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Reduction ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA reduced protein intake causes a decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations and modulates Ca homoeostasis in young goats. IGF1 is synthesised by the liver in response to stimulation by growth hormone (GH). Due to rumino-hepatic circulation of urea, ruminants are suitable for investigating the effects of protein reduction despite sufficient energy intake. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a protein-reduced diet on the expression of components of the somatotropic axis. Male young goats were divided into two feeding groups receiving either a control diet (20 % crude protein (CP)) or a reduced-protein diet (9 % CP). Blood concentrations of IGF1 and GH were measured, and a 24-h GH secretion profile was compiled. Moreover, ionised Ca and insulin concentrations as well as mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic proteins involved in GH signalling were quantified. Due to the protein-reduced diet, concentrations of ionised Ca, insulin and IGF1 decreased significantly, whereas GH concentrations remained unchanged. Expression levels of the hepatic GH receptor (GHR) decreased during protein reduction. GHR expression was down-regulated due to diminished insulin concentrations as both parameters were positively correlated. Insulin itself might be reduced due to reduced blood Ca levels that are involved in insulin release. The protein-reduced diet had an impact on the expression of components of the somatotropic axis as a disruption of the GH–IGF1 axis brought about by diminished GHR expression was shown in response to a protein-reduced diet.

Association between Leptin, Adiponectin, and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio with Clustered Metabolic Risk Factors in Portuguese Adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A. Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Edmar Lacerda Mendes ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Luís Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

Introduction: Circulating leptin and adiponectin levels have been associated with impaired vascular function, insulin resistance, and acute cardiovascular evens. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio with a clustering of metabolic risk factors (MRF) in adolescents aged 12-18 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 Portuguese adolescents aged 12-18 years. Blood samples were taken to analyze total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. A continuous variable of clustered MRF score (sum of Z-scores of body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, ratio TC/HDL, triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness*[-1]) was computed. Results: Regression analyses showed that adiponectin was a significant and negative predictor of MRF score (boys: β = -0.199; p < 0.001; girls: β = -0.200; p < 0.001); whereas leptin was a significant positive predictor of MRF score (boys: β = 0.553; p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.399; p < 0.001). The L/A ratio was also a significant positive predictor of MRF score in both sexes (boys: β = 0.593; p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.461; p < 0.001), after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and socioeconomic status. In addition, adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict MRF among adolescents, but L/A ratio showed the highest area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: Leptin, adiponectin, and L/A ratio are associated with the clustering of MRF in adolescents after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and socioeconomic status. L/A ratio was more strongly associated with MRF score than adiponectin or leptin.

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