scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Célia Cabral ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Risha Ganguly ◽  
Harvesh Kumar Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Bacterial Quorum Sensing ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Bacterial Quorum ◽  
And Function

The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria, referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, antibiotics, as well as environmental factors, particularly diet, thus causing a disruption of microbiota equilibrium (dysbiosis). Growing evidences support the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal cardiometabolic diseases, namely obesity and diabetes. This review firstly overviews the role of GM in health and disease, then critically reviews the evidences regarding the influence of dietary polyphenols in GM based on preclinical and clinical data, ending with strategies under development to improve efficiency of delivery. Although the precise mechanisms deserve further clarification, preclinical and clinical data suggest that dietary polyphenols present prebiotic properties and exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic GM, having benefits in distinct disorders. Specifically, dietary polyphenols have been shown ability to modulate GM composition and function, interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, membrane permeability, as well as sensitizing bacteria to xenobiotics. In addition, can impact on gut metabolism and immunity and exert anti-inflammatory properties. In order to overcome the low bioavailability, several different approaches have been developed, aiming to improve solubility and transport of dietary polyphenols throughout the GI tract and deliver in the targeted intestinal regions. Although more research is still needed, particularly translational and clinical studies, the biotechnological progresses achieved during the last years open up good perspectives to, in a near future, be able to improve the use of dietary polyphenols modulating GM in a broad range of disorders characterized by a dysbiotic phenotype.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3715
Author(s):  
Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Mateusz Stasiak ◽  
Anna Oniszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease

The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extraintestinal metabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in preventing metabolic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last twenty years. As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota advances and our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review firstly overviews the importance of the GM in health and disease and then reviews the role of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis are also discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Genetic Differences in Barley Govern the Responsiveness to N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Shrestha ◽  
Ahmed Elhady ◽  
Shimaa Adss ◽  
Gwendolin Wehner ◽  
Christoph Böttcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinases ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Acyl Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Quorum ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Enhanced resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) against pathogens, such as the powdery mildew-causing fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, is of high importance. The beneficial effects of bacterial quorum sensing molecules on resistance and plant growth have been shown in different plant species. Here, we present the effects of the N-3-oxotetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) on the resistance of different barley genotypes. Genetically diverse accessions of barley were identified and exposed to the beneficial, oxo-C14-HSL-producing bacterium Ensifer meliloti or the pure N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecule. Metabolic profiling along with expression analysis of selected genes and physiological assays revealed that the capacity to react varies among different barley genotypes. We demonstrate that upon pretreatment with AHL molecule, AHL-primable barley genotype expresses enhanced resistance against B. graminis f. sp. hordei. We further show that pretreatment with AHL correlates with stronger activation of barley MAP kinases and regulation of defense-related PR1 and PR17b genes after a subsequent treatment with chitin. Noticeable was the stronger accumulation of lignin. Our results suggest that appropriate genetic background is required for AHL-induced priming. At the same time, they bear potential to use these genetic features for new breeding and plant protection approaches.

scholarly journals Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Ramirez ◽  
Francisco Guarner ◽  
Luis Bustos Fernandez ◽  
Aldo Maruy ◽  
Vera Lucia Sdepanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine is populated by a complex microbial community that is organized around a network of metabolic interdependencies. It is now understood that the gut microbiota is vital for normal development and functioning of the human body, especially for the priming and maturation of the adaptive immune system. Antibiotic use can have several negative effects on the gut microbiota, including reduced species diversity, altered metabolic activity, and the selection of antibiotic-resistant organisms, which in turn can lead to antibiotic-associated diarrhea and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. There is also evidence that early childhood exposure to antibiotics can lead to several gastrointestinal, immunologic, and neurocognitive conditions. The increase in the use of antibiotics in recent years suggests that these problems are likely to become more acute or more prevalent in the future. Continued research into the structure and function of the gut microbiota is required to address this challenge.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

Metagenomic analysis revealed beneficial effects of probiotics in improving the composition and function of the gut microbiota in dogs with diarrhoea

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2618-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Feiyan Zhao ◽  
Qiangchuan Hou ◽  
Weiqiang Huang ◽  
Yahua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Improve Health

Probiotics-induced potentially beneficial changes in the gut microbiota and its functional genes of diarrhoeal dogs, suggesting probiotics improve health through regulation of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12836
Author(s):  
Natalia Di Tommaso ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Francesca Romana Ponziani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Permeable Barrier ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their secretions. The gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity and function of the intestinal barrier in a homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics and food can disrupt the intestinal barrier, promoting systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Genetic and immune factors predispose individuals to gut barrier dysfunction, and changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota are central to this process. The progressive identification of these changes has led to the development of the concept of ‘leaky gut syndrome’ and ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie the relationship between intestinal barrier impairment, metabolic diseases and autoimmunity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this process is an intriguing subject of research for the diagnosis and treatment of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease

Diseases ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Jazani ◽  
Javad Savoj ◽  
Michael Lustgarten ◽  
Wei Lau ◽  
Nosratola Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the progression of CKD and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of the normal gut microbiota, and then elaborate on how alterations in the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract in CKD can affect gut microbiota. External factors such as dietary restrictions, medications, and dialysis further promote dysbiosis. We discuss the impact of an altered gut microbiota on neuroendocrine pathways such as the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, tryptophan metabolism, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, therapeutic strategies including diet modification, intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are reviewed.

scholarly journals Circulating Metabolites Originating from Gut Microbiota Control Endothelial Cell Function

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Amedei ◽  
Lucia Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Significant Attention

Cardiovascular functionality strictly depends on endothelial cell trophism and proper biochemical function. Any condition (environmental, pharmacological/toxicological, physical, or neuro-humoral) that changes the vascular endothelium has great consequences for the organism’s wellness and on the outcome and evolution of severe cardiovascular pathologies. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms, both endogenous and external, that affect endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to preventing and treating these disorders. In recent decades, significant attention has been focused on gut microbiota and how these symbiotic microorganisms can influence host health and disease development. Indeed, dysbiosis has been reported to be at the base of a range of different pathologies, including pathologies of the cardiovascular system. The study of the mechanism underlying this relationship has led to the identification of a series of metabolites (released by gut bacteria) that exert different effects on all the components of the vascular system, and in particular on endothelial cells. The imbalance of factors promoting or blunting endothelial cell viability and function and angiogenesis seems to be a potential target for the development of new therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the circulating factors identified to date, either directly produced by gut microbes or resulting from the metabolism of diet derivatives as polyphenols.

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