scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choi ◽  
Lee ◽  
Lee ◽  
Park ◽  
Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intracellular Survival ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have potential protective activity in a variety of infectious diseases, but their actions and underlying mechanisms in Toxoplasma gondii infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) robustly induced autophagy in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Treatment of T. gondii-infected macrophages with DHA resulted in colocalization of Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes and reduced intracellular survival of T. gondii. The autophagic and anti-Toxoplasma effects induced by DHA were mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Importantly, BMDMs isolated from Fat-1 transgenic mice, a well-known animal model capable of synthesizing ω3-PUFAs from ω6-PUFAs, showed increased activation of autophagy and AMPK, leading to reduced intracellular survival of T. gondii when compared with wild-type BMDMs. Moreover, Fat-1 transgenic mice exhibited lower cyst burden in the brain following infection with the avirulent strain ME49 than wild-type mice. Collectively, our results revealed mechanisms by which endogenous ω3-PUFAs and DHA control T. gondii infection and suggest that ω3-PUFAs might serve as therapeutic candidate to prevent toxoplasmosis and infection with other intracellular protozoan parasites.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids May Attenuate Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Death via Autophagy Activation in Fat1 Transgenic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Min Hwang ◽  
Dong-Ho Bak ◽  
Dong Ho Kim ◽  
Ju Young Hong ◽  
Seung-Yun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Β Cell

scholarly journals Generation of Fad2 and Fad3 transgenic mice that produce n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 190140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuang Song ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jiapeng Wang ◽  
Xuefei Liu ◽  
Lige Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pufa Biosynthesis ◽  
Double Transgenic Mice

Linoleic acid (18 : 2, n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18 : 3, n-3) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are essential for mammalian health, development and growth. However, the majority of mammals, including humans, are incapable of synthesizing n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. Mammals must obtain n-6 and n-3 PUFAs from their diet. Fatty acid desaturase (Fad) plays a critical role in plant PUFA biosynthesis. Therefore, we generated plant-derived Fad3 single and Fad2–Fad3 double transgenic mice. Compared with wild-type mice, we found that PUFA levels were greatly increased in the single and double transgenic mice by measuring PUFA levels. Moreover, the concentration of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in the Fad2–Fad3 double transgenic mice were greater than in the Fad3 single transgenic mice. These results demonstrate that the plant-derived Fad2 and Fad3 genes can be expressed in mammals. To clarify the mechanism for Fad2 and Fad3 genes in transgenic mice, we measured the PUFAs synthesis-related genes. Compared with wild-type mice, these Fad transgenic mice have their own n-3 and n-6 PUFAs biosynthetic pathways. Thus, we have established a simple and efficient method for in vivo synthesis of PUFAs.

scholarly journals Seizure resistance in fat-1 transgenic mice endogenously synthesizing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Y. Taha ◽  
Pedro S. P. Huot ◽  
Sandra Reza-López ◽  
Nita R. Prayitno ◽  
Jing X. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against ischemia-reperfusion renal injury through AMPK-mediated autophagy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Hyeong Gwon ◽  
Tae Woong Hwang ◽  
Ju-ye Ro ◽  
Yoon-Joong Kang ◽  
Jin Young Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wild Type

Regulated autophagy is involved in the repair of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). ω3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) show protective effects against various renal injuries. It was recently reported that ω3-PUFAs regulate autophagy. We assessed whether ω3-PUFAs attenuated IR-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluated associated mechanisms. C57Bl/6 background fat-1 mice and wild-type mice (wt) were divided into four groups: wt sham (n = 10), fat-1 sham (n = 10), wt IRI (reperfusion 35 min after clamping both the renal artery and vein; n = 15), and fat-1 IRI (n = 15). Kidneys and blood were harvested 24 h after IRI. Renal histological and molecular data were collected. The kidneys of fat-1 mice showed better renal cell survival, renal function, and pathological damage than those of wt mice after IRI. In addition, fat-1 mice showed less oxidative stress and autophagy impairment; greater amounts of LC3, Beclin-1, and Atg7; lower amounts of p62; and higher levels of renal cathepsin D and ATP6E than wt kidneys. They also showed more AMPK activation, which resulted in the inhibition of phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Collectively, ω3-PUFAs in fat-1 mice contributed to AMPK mediated autophagy activation, leading to a renoprotective response.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Piróg-Balcerzak ◽  
Anna K. Bażyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Biernacka ◽  
Joanna Brągoszewska ◽  
Lidia Popek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Eat 26

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN. Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1162-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Jing ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Kyu Lim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Dietary soluble flaxseed oils as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for laying hens

2021 ◽  
pp. 101276
Author(s):  
Sang Hyeok Lee ◽  
Yoo Bhin Kim ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Omega 3
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