scholarly journals Nutritional Assessment in Preterm Infants: A Practical Approach in the NICU

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Pereira-da-Silva ◽  
Daniel Virella ◽  
Christoph Fusch
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Serum Phosphate Level ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

A practical approach for nutritional assessment in preterm infants under intensive care, based on anthropometric measurements and commonly used biochemical markers, is suggested. The choice of anthropometric charts depends on the purpose: Fenton 2013 charts to assess intrauterine growth, an online growth calculator to monitor intra-hospital weight gain, and Intergrowth-21st standards to monitor growth after discharge. Body weight, though largely used, does not inform on body compartment sizes. Mid-upper arm circumference estimates body adiposity and is easy to measure. Body length reflects skeletal growth and fat-free mass, provided it is accurately measured. Head circumference indicates brain growth. Skinfolds estimate reasonably body fat. Weight-to-length ratio, body mass index, and ponderal index can assess body proportionality at birth. These and other derived indices, such as the mid-upper arm circumference to head circumference ratio, could be proxies of body composition but need validation. Low blood urea nitrogen may indicate insufficient protein intake. Prealbumin and retinol binding protein are good markers of current protein status, but they may be affected by non-nutritional factors. The combination of a high serum alkaline phosphatase level and a low serum phosphate level is the best biochemical marker for the early detection of metabolic bone disease.

scholarly journals Mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women and its relation to birth weight

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaría E. Ricalde ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez ◽  
Ana Cristina d'A. Tanaka ◽  
Arnaldo A.F. de Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

OBJECTIVE: In order to determine the relationship between some maternal anthropometric indicators and birth weight, crown-heel length and newborn's head circumference, 92 pregnant women were followed through at the prenatal service of hospital in S. Paulo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The following variables were established for the mother: weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and Quetelet's index. For the newborn the following variables were recorded: birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference and gestational age by Dubowitz's method. RESULTS: Significant associations were noted between gestational age and newborn variables. In addition, maternal mid-arm circumference (MUAC) and pre-pregnancy weight were found to be positively correlated to birth weight (r=0.399; r=0.378, respectively). The multivariate linear regression shows that gestational age, mother's arm circumference and pre-pregnancy weight continue to be significant predictors of birth weight. On the other hand, only gestational age and mother's age was associated with crown-heel length. Similarly MUAC was significantly associated with crown-heel length (r= 0.306; P=0.0030). CONCLUSION: Maternal mid-upper arm circumference is a potential indicator of maternal nutritional status. It could be used in association with other anthropometric measurements, instead of pre-pregnancy weight, as an alternative indicator to assess women at risk of poor pregnancy outcome.

Use of mid-upper-arm circumference Z scores in nutritional assessment

The Lancet ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 341 (8858) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Hall ◽  
Shahriar Chowdhury ◽  
Martin Bloem
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

scholarly journals Predictors of the risk of malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in Somalia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3125-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damaris K Kinyoki ◽  
James A Berkley ◽  
Grainne M Moloney ◽  
Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala ◽  
Abdisalan M Noor
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the predictors of wasting, stunting and low mid-upper arm circumference among children aged 6–59 months in Somalia using data from household cross-sectional surveys from 2007 to 2010 in order to help inform better targeting of nutritional interventions.DesignCross-sectional nutritional assessment surveys using structured interviews were conducted among communities in Somalia each year from 2007 to 2010. A two-stage cluster sampling methodology was used to select children aged 6–59 months from households across three livelihood zones (pastoral, agro-pastoral and riverine). Predictors of three anthropometric measures, weight-for-height (wasting), height-for-age (stunting) and mid-upper arm circumference, were analysed using Bayesian binomial regression, controlling for both spatial and temporal dependence in the data.SettingThe study was conducted in randomly sampled villages, representative of three livelihood zones in Somalia.SubjectsChildren between the ages of 6 and 59 months in Somalia.ResultsThe estimated national prevalence of wasting, stunting and low mid-upper arm circumference in children aged 6–59 months was 21 %, 31 % and 36 %, respectively. Although fever, diarrhoea, sex and age of the child, household size and access to foods were significant predictors of malnutrition, the strongest association was observed between all three indicators of malnutrition and the enhanced vegetation index. A 1-unit increase in enhanced vegetation index was associated with a 38 %, 49 % and 59 % reduction in wasting, stunting and low mid-upper arm circumference, respectively.ConclusionsInfection and climatic variations are likely to be key drivers of malnutrition in Somalia. Better health data and close monitoring and forecasting of droughts may provide valuable information for nutritional intervention planning in Somalia.

scholarly journals Anthropometry and body composition of south Indian babies at birth

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Muthayya ◽  
P Dwarkanath ◽  
T Thomas ◽  
M Vaz ◽  
A Mhaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the consequences on body composition of increasing birth weight in Indian babies in relation to reported values in Western babies, and to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal anthropometry and body composition.DesignProspective observational study.SettingBangalore City, India.SubjectsA total of 712 women were recruited at 12.5±3.1 weeks of gestation (mean±standard deviation, SD) and followed up until delivery; 14.5% were lost to follow-up. Maternal body weight, height, mid upper-arm circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured at recruitment. Weight and body composition of the baby (skinfold thicknesses, mid upper-arm circumference, derived arm fat index and arm muscle index; AFI and AMI, respectively) were measured at birth in hospital.ResultsThe mean±SD birth weight of all newborns was 2.80±0.44 kg. Birth weight was significantly related to the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness of the baby. In a small number of babies with large birth weight for gestational age, there was a relatively higher normalised AFI relative to AMI than for babies with lower or appropriate birth weight for gestational age. Maternal height and fat-free mass were significantly associated with the baby's length at birth.ConclusionsSkinfold thicknesses in Indian babies were similar to those reported in a Western population with comparable birth weights, and the relationship of AFI to birth weight appeared to be steeper in Indian babies. Thus, measures to increase birth weight in Indian babies should take into account possible adverse consequences on body composition. There were no significant relationships between maternal anthropometry and body composition at birth on multivariate analysis, except for sum of the baby's skinfold thicknesses and maternal fat-free mass (P<0.02).

scholarly journals OUTCOME AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS USING ANTHROPOMETRY AND SUBJECTIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo NUNES ◽  
Carla Adriana SANTOS ◽  
Rita BAROSA ◽  
Cristina FONSECA ◽  
Ana Teresa BARATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in chronic liver disease (CLD) but adequate clinical tools for nutritional assessment are not defined. OBJECTIVE: In CLD patients, it was aimed: 1. Characterize protein-calorie malnutrition; 2. Compare several clinical, anthropometric and functional tools; 3. Study the association malnutrition/CLD severity and malnutrition/outcome. METHODS: Observational, prospective study. Consecutive CLD ambulatory/hospitalised patients were recruited from 01-03-2012 to 31-08-2012, studied according with age, gender, etiology, alcohol consumption and CLD severity defined by Child-Turcotte-Pugh. Nutritional assessment used subjective global assessment, anthropometry, namely body-mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold, mid upper arm circumference, mid arm muscular circumference and handgrip strength. Patients were followed during two years and survival data was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 130 CLD patients (80 men), aged 22-89 years (mean 60 years) were included. Most suffered from alcoholic cirrhosis (45%). Hospitalised patients presented more severe disease ( P <0.001) and worst nutritional status defined by BMI ( P =0.002), mid upper arm circumference ( P <0.001), mid arm muscular circumference ( P <0.001), triceps skinfold ( P =0.07) and subjective global assessment ( P <0.001). A third presented deficient/low handgrip strength. Alcohol consumption ( P =0.03) and malnutrition detected by BMI ( P =0.03), mid upper arm circumference ( P =0.001), triceps skinfold ( P =0.06), mid arm muscular circumference ( P =0.02) and subjective global assessment ( P <0.001) were associated with CLD severity. From 25 patients deceased during follow-up, 17 patients were severely malnourished according with triceps skinfold. Malnutrition defined by triceps skinfold predicted mortality ( P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in CLD patients and alcohol plays an important role. Triceps skinfold is the most efficient anthropometric parameter and is associated with mortality. Nutritional assessment should be considered mandatory in the routine care of CLD patients.

Experiences of community care givers on nutritional assessment of children under 5 years in eThekwini District

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pretty Gabisile Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Community Care ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem, especially in children under 5 years of age. Nutritional status is one of the indicators of overall well-being and human resources development of a nation. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore and describe experiences of Community Care Givers regarding the assessment of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in eThekwini District Health Sub-district North area six. Methodology A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study was used to conduct the study. Semi-structured individual face to face interviews were conducted with 13 participants. The study was guided by Pender’s Model of Health Promotion. Results The findings of the study revealed that participants were dissatisfied with mid upper arm circumference training. They reported lack of support and supervision in their performance such that mid upper arm circumference was non-prioritized. They were dissatisfied with remuneration and they worked under unsafe conditions. Conclusion In order to combat malnutrition in children under 5 years in the community, Community Care Givers need to be vigorously educated on the rationale of malnutrition assessment of children under 5 years in the communities so that they can have insight into what they are doing. Community Care Givers have multiple roles and may need to prioritize their work; this is not easy and requires specific guidance and training from skilled health professionals.

scholarly journals Developing Nomogram to Estimate Birth Weight from Head Circumference and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Das ◽  
M. Ghosh ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
R. Chatterjee ◽  
S. Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Mid upper arm circumference as an alternative measure to assess the nutritional status of adolescents: a study in India based on NFHS-4 data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aparna Roy ◽  
T. V. Sekher
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Use of body mass index (BMI) to assess the nutritional status of adolescents requires many resources, especially for country-level assessment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among adolescent males and females in India and to examine whether MUAC effectively represents the nutritional status of adolescents. The study utilized anthropometric measurement data collected by India’s National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16). The weighted sample for analysis included 91,315 female and 14,893 male adolescents. The BMI and MUAC measurements showed a positive correlation in both female and male adolescents. Using BMI-for-age Z-score classifications, 12.7% of the adolescents were undernourished. Using MUAC (in cm) as per NACS (Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support) guidelines and Mramba et al. (2017) classified 22.9% and 3.7% of the adolescents as undernourished respectively. Finally, using the MUAC-for-age Z-score classification, 98.4% of adolescents were determined to be normal and 1.7% undernourished. Sensitivity and specificity tests of the MUAC cut-offs, in comparison with BMI cut-offs, showed that all three MUAC cut-off classifications had high specificity (NACS cut-off: 81.3%; Mramba et al. cut-off (cm): 97.7%; Mramba et al. cut-off (Z-score): 99.1%). The NACS cut-off had moderately high sensitivity (52.2%) but the Mramba et al. cut-offs had low sensitivity (13.3% for the centimetre cut-off and 6.6% for the Z-score cut-off). Sensitivity and specificity tests proved the relationship between BMI and MUAC, and that MUAC represents adolescent nutritional status with considerable efficiency. With further research, it may be established that MUAC is a better and promising measure of adolescent nutrition, having the advantage of needing fewer resources for data collection. The MUAC has the potential to offer a simple and low-resource alternative to BMI to assess nutritional status among adolescents in poor countries.

scholarly journals 61 Maternal mid-upper arm circumference is associated with small for gestational age in a Zambian cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Appiagyei ◽  
Bellington Vwalika ◽  
Anne West Honart ◽  
Andrew Kumwenda ◽  
Chileshe Mabula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference
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