scholarly journals Dietary Neuroketotherapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease: An Evidence Update and the Potential Role for Diet Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Taylor ◽  
Russell H. Swerdlow ◽  
Debra K. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Brain Glucose Utilization

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with growing prevalence as the global population ages. Currently available treatments for AD have minimal efficacy and there are no proven treatments for its prodrome, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). AD etiology is not well understood and various hypotheses of disease pathogenesis are currently under investigation. A consistent hallmark in patients with AD is reduced brain glucose utilization; however, evidence suggests that brain ketone metabolism remains unimpaired, thus, there is a great deal of increased interest in the potential value of ketone-inducing therapies for the treatment of AD (neuroketotherapeutics; NKT). The goal of this review was to discuss dietary NKT approaches and mechanisms by which they exert a possible therapeutic benefit, update the evidence available on NKTs in AD and consider a potential role of diet quality in the clinical use of dietary NKTs. Whether NKTs affect AD symptoms through the restoration of bioenergetics, the direct and indirect modulation of antioxidant and inflammation pathways, or both, preliminary positive evidence suggests that further study of dietary NKTs as a disease-modifying treatment in AD is warranted.

scholarly journals Towards a Consensus on Alzheimer’s Disease Comorbidity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Iska Avitan ◽  
Yudit Halperin ◽  
Trishna Saha ◽  
Naamah Bloch ◽  
Dana Atrahimovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Comorbid Diseases

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often comorbid with other pathologies. First, we review shortly the diseases most associated with AD in the clinic. Then we query PubMed citations for the co-occurrence of AD with other diseases, using a list of 400 common pathologies. Significantly, AD is found to be associated with schizophrenia and psychosis, sleep insomnia and apnea, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, fibrillation, osteoporosis, arthritis, glaucoma, metabolic syndrome, pain, herpes, HIV, alcoholism, heart failure, migraine, pneumonia, dyslipidemia, COPD and asthma, hearing loss, and tobacco smoking. Trivially, AD is also found to be associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, which are disregarded. Notably, our predicted results are consistent with the previously published clinical data and correlate nicely with individual publications. Our results emphasize risk factors and promulgate diseases often associated with AD. Interestingly, the comorbid diseases are often degenerative diseases exacerbated by reactive oxygen species, thus underlining the potential role of antioxidants in the treatment of AD and comorbid diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Maintaining Cognitive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie E. Marchand ◽  
Majken K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Global Population

Concern over loss of cognitive function, including descent into Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, grips a growing percentage of men and women worldwide as the global population ages. Many studies, though not all, suggest that maintaining cognitive health, as well as slowing and even preventing cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, can be achieved by consuming healthy diets over a long enough period of time. This appears to be the case even for those who initiated dietary changes later in life, as evidenced by an intervention study assessing consumption of a healthy diet among those who were >50 years of age. All such diets share the common traits of being rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish or seafood, while also being low in red meat and sweets. A Mediterranean-style diet shares these characteristics and has been associated with an estimated 40% lower risk of cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in prospective studies, in addition to being associated with both a 65% lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and improved cognitive performance in a notable randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Phosphoglycerol Dihydroceramide Produced by Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Yamada ◽  
Juliet Akkaoui ◽  
Anny Ho ◽  
Carolina Duarte ◽  
Richard Deth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Aβ42 Peptide

BackgroundAmong different types of sphingolipids produced by human cells, the possible engagement of ceramide species in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has attracted recent attention. While ceramides are primarily generated by de novo synthesis in mammalian cells, only a limited number of bacterial species, produce ceramides, including phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PGDHC) that is produced by the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Emerging evidence indicates that virulence factors produced by P. gingivalis, such as lipopolysaccharide and gingipain, may be engaged in the initiation and/or progression of AD. However, the potential role of PGDHC in the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PGDHC on hallmark findings in AD.Material and MethodsCHO-7WD10 and SH-SY-5Y cells were exposed to PGDHC and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from P. gingivalis. Soluble Aβ42 peptide, amyloid precursor protein (APP), phosphorylated tau and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were quantified using ELISA and Western blot assays. ResultsOur results indicate that P. gingivalis (Pg)-derived PGDHC, but not Pg-LPS, upregulated secretion of soluble Aβ42 peptide and expression of APP in CHO-7WD10 cells. Furthermore, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein was observed in SH-SY-5Y cells in response to PGDHC lipid. In contrast, Pg-LPS had little, or no significant effect on the tau phosphorylation induced in SH-SY-5Y cells. However, both PGDHC and Pg-LPS contributed to the senescence of SH-SY5Y cells as indicated by the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers, including beta-galactosidase, cathepsin B (CtsB), and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-6. Additionally, PGDHC diminished expression of the senescence-protection marker sirtuin-1 in SH-SY-5Y cells.ConclusionsAltogether, our results indicate that P. gingivalis-derived PGDHC ceramide promotes amyloidogenesis and hyperphosphorylation, as well as the production of SASP factors. Thus, PGDHC may represent a novel class of bacterial-derived virulence factors for AD associated with periodontitis.

Alzheimer’s Disease and Environmental Exposure to Lead: The Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Role of Epigenetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Bakulski ◽  
Laura S. Rozek ◽  
Dana C. Dolinoy ◽  
Henry L. Paulson ◽  
Howard Hu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence

scholarly journals Potential role of orexin and sleep modulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Hoon Roh ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Mary Beth Finn ◽  
Floy R. Stewart ◽  
Thomas E. Mahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sleep Modulation

The Potential Role of Rho GTPases in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bolognin ◽  
Erika Lorenzetto ◽  
Giovanni Diana ◽  
Mario Buffelli
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis
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