scholarly journals Tracking Kids’ Food: Comparing the Nutritional Value and Marketing Appeals of Child-Targeted Supermarket Products Over Time

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Marketing unhealthy foods negatively impacts children’s food preferences, dietary habits and health, prompting calls for regulations that will help to create an “enabling” food environment for children. One powerful food marketing technique is product packaging, but little is known about the nature or quality of child-targeted food products over time. This study assesses how child-targeted supermarket foods in Canada have transformed with respect to nutritional profile and types of marketing appeals (that is, the power of such marketing). Products from 2009 (n = 354) and from 2017 (n = 374) were first evaluated and compared in light of two established nutritional criteria, and then compared in terms of marketing techniques on packages. Overall, child-targeted supermarket foods did not improve nutritionally over time: 88% of child-targeted products (across both datasets) would not be permitted to be marketed to children, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and sugar levels remained consistently high. Despite this poor nutritional quality, the use of nutrition claims increased significantly over time, as did the use of cartoon characters and appealing fonts to attract children’s attention. Character licensing—using characters from entertainment companies—remained consistent. The findings reveal the critical need to consider packaging as part of the strategy for protecting children from unhealthy food marketing. Given the poor nutritional quality and appealing nature of child-oriented supermarket foods, food product packaging needs to be included in the WHO’s call to improve the restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children.

scholarly journals Television marketing of food and beverage targeted to children, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Gianfredi ◽  
F Rabica ◽  
G Dallagiacoma ◽  
C Fatigoni ◽  
M Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Italian Children

Abstract Aim According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 40 million children aged < 5 and 131 million of children aged 5-9 are overweight or obese. Growing evidence is focusing on the association between number of hours spent watching television (TV) and children's food behaviour. Our aim was to assess the amount of TV food marketing targeted to Italian children, and to qualitatively analyse the ads. Methods The 5 most viewed TV channels were selected and recorded for 20 days (non-consecutive, both week and week-end days) and analysed through the WHO's tool to asses food -beverage multimedia marketing targeted to children. The analysed exposure variables were: type of product, viewing time, channel's target and broadcasting company (for all types of ads), duration of each food ad, type of programme, and target of the advertised product (only for food and beverage). Power of persuasion variables were assessed only for food marketing. Lastly, for each food product showed, the food category and if it was a core vs non-core product was assessed. Differences between groups were assessed using the chi-square test and t-test. Results During 320 hours of broadcasting TV, a total of 9,069 ads were identified, (51.7 hours). Food products were the second most frequently advertised (19.4%). On average, 5.4 food ads were displayed during non-peak viewing time/hour (6 during peak). The time slot of 3 pm had the highest rate of food ads (23.8%). Channels targeted to the general public had a higher rate of food ads compared to channels targeted to children (p = 0.000). Private channels transmitted a higher number of food ads compared to public channels (p = 0.000). Humour was the most frequently persuasive technique used in food ads and in ads targeted to whole population (14.3%). Conclusions Children usually watch TV programs that have a high rate of food ads, mainly promoting unhealthy products with captivating techniques. Legislators should advocate for a healthier food marketing. Key messages Children are exposed to a high amount of TV food commercials daily. Food marketing should be strictly regulated in accordance with the WHO Nutrient Profile model.

Food advertising during children’s television programmes in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Elisa Borroni ◽  
Chiara Stival ◽  
Sharanpreet Kaur ◽  
Sofia Davoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Objective: Previous studies from European countries noted that food products promoted on TV for children did not comply with international guidelines, including the World Health Organization European Nutrient Profile Model (WHO-ENPM) and the EU Pledge Nutrition Criteria (EU-PNC, an initiative developed by leading food companies). We aim to provide new data from Italy. Design: Evaluation of Italian TV advertisements. Data on nutritional values for food product advertised were compared with nutritional standards issued by the WHO-ENPM and the EU-PNC. Setting: In total, 180 h of TV programmes from six Italian channels, 2016–2017. Participants: Eight hundred and ten consecutive advertisements during children’s programmes. Results: Out of 810 advertisements, 90 (11·1 %) referred to food products. Among these, 84·5 % of the foods promoted did not meet the WHO-ENPM and 55·6 % the EU-PNC guidelines. Advertisements promoting sweet and salty snacks (i.e. ≥ 70 % of all foods) v. other food products showed higher non-compliance with both the WHO-ENPM (OR: 73·8; 95 % CI: 4·09, 1330) and the EU-PNC (OR: 9·21; 95 % CI: 2·82, 30·1). Conclusions: In Italy, most food advertisements during children’s programmes are not compliant with European nutritional standards. Almost all the advertisements for snacks do not meet international guidelines. As the WHO-ENPM guidelines do not propose standards for all the food products, including meals, there is an urgent need to define independent and easy-to-read guidelines for food advertisements targeting children. As a first step towards the complete ban of food advertisements targeting children recommended by other researchers, these guidelines should be enforced by all the TV broadcasts.

scholarly journals Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Alm ◽  
Eeva K Broberg ◽  
Thomas Connor ◽  
Emma B Hodcroft ◽  
Andrey B Komissarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Change of Functioning in Persons With Severe Musculoskeletal Injuries Over Time: A Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Usinger ◽  
Sandra Kus ◽  
Stefan Simmel ◽  
Michaela Coenen
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Whodas 2.0 ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a generic assessment instrument to collect data on functioning and disability. The questionnaire was developed specifically to capture the activities and participation domain as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Evidence on the most relevant factors predicting WHODAS 2.0 outcome in the context of musculoskeletal injuries are controversial. This study aims to assess change in functioning of patients with severe musculoskeletal injuries undergoing inpatient rehabilitation over time.Methods: A longitudinal multicentre study was conducted, following up 571 participants with severe musculoskeletal injuries over the course of a first inpatient rehabilitation stay until 3 months after discharge. At admission, data on sociodemographic, health-related aspects, functioning and contextual factors were collected. WHODAS 2.0 assessed functioning. Data were analysed using a multilevel model approach.Results: The mean WHODAS 2.0 declined from admission to discharge and 3-month follow-up, indicating an improvement in functioning. Multilevel analyses revealed age, duration of inpatient rehabilitation, severity of the injury, injury localizations, number of comorbidities, emotional functioning, pain, being informed about the injury, subjective prognosis on return to work and agreement on treatment targets as factors influencing change in functioning over time.Conclusions: In a rehabilitation setting, a healthcare professional can promote an increase in functioning, for example, by ensuring that there are treatment targets defined and agreed on with the patient and that the patient feels sufficiently informed about the injury. The identified factors could potentially be used for a short screening at admission to rehabilitation to estimate the patient’s change of functioning over time. Trial registration number and date of registration: DRKS00014857; July 04, 2018.

scholarly journals Issuances of Automotive Vehicles and the Impacts on Air Quality in the Largest City in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cartaxo ◽  
Ilsa Valois ◽  
Vladimiro Miranda ◽  
Marcia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Manaus, a city of more than two million people, suffers problems arising from strong sunlight and aggravated by several factors, such as traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions generated by evaporation and burning of fuel. The present study examined Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions in an urban area of the city using different methodologies. CO and NO2 were measured using automated and passive analyzers, respectively. Meanwhile, direct monitoring of these pollutants was performed in vehicular sources in the vicinity of sampling locations. Results showed that levels of carbon monoxide vary over time, being higher during peak movement of vehicles. NO2 values have exceeded the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and monitoring at source showed high levels of CO and NO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Has survival improved for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States?

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivianne T. Lee ◽  
Clifford Y. Ko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Favorable Histology ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiologic patterns and survival rates for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma over the last three decades. METHODS: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program tumor registries were used to identify patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States from 1973 to 1999. Incidence and survival rates for each decade were then determined according to age, gender, race, histological type, and stage using the SEER statistical program. RESULTS: From 1973 to 1999, 4680 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States were sampled by the NCI/SEER database. Overall incidence rates for each decade essentially remained unchanged over time (0.7/100,000). Asians exhibited the highest incidence rates (3.0–4.2), followed by blacks (0.7–1.1) and then whites (0.4–0.7). In contrast, survival rates have gradually improved over time for all stages and histological types (35.7% 5-year survival in the 1970s vs. 44.1% in the 1980, and 51% in the 1990s). With respect to race, Asians demonstrated the best 5-year survival rate (62.9%) followed by whites (42.6%) and then blacks (36.2%). However, this may be due to histology, because Asians were also found to have a greater proportion of World Health Organization (WHO) type III cases (27.6%) in comparison to the other 2 groups (22.4% for blacks and 15% for whites). CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have remained essentially unchanged in the United States in the last 3 decades, survival rates for each stage and histological subtype have exhibited considerable improvement over time. The higher survival rates in Asians may be partially attributed to the more favorable histology (type III) often seen in this group. EBM rating: B-3.

scholarly journals Internet food marketing on popular children’s websites and food product websites in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Katarzyna Bochynska ◽  
Kelly Kornman ◽  
Kathy Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Brand Familiarity ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to describe the nature and extent of food marketing on popular children’s websites and food product websites in Australia.MethodsFood product websites (n119) and popular children’s websites (n196) were selected based on website traffic data and previous research on frequently marketed food brands. Coding instruments were developed to capture food marketing techniques. All references to food on popular children’s websites were also classified as either branded or non-branded and according to food categories.ResultsWebsites contained a range of marketing features. On food product websites these marketing features included branded education (79·0 % of websites), competitions (33·6 %), promotional characters (35·3 %), downloadable items (35·3 %), branded games (28·6 %) and designated children’s sections (21·8 %). Food references on popular children’s websites were strongly skewed towards unhealthy foods (60·8 %v. 39·2 % healthy food references;P< 0·001), with three times more branded food references for unhealthy foods. Branded food references displayed similar marketing features to those identified on food product websites.ConclusionsInternet food marketing uses a range of techniques to ensure that children are immersed in brand-related information and activities for extended periods, thereby increasing brand familiarity and exposure. The relatively unregulated marketing environment and increasing use of the Internet by children point to the potential increase in food marketing via this medium. Further research is required to investigate the impact of Internet food marketing on children’s food preferences and consumption, and regulatory options to protect children.

Is Anorexia Nervosa an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil L. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Although anorexia nervosa may vary widely in its severity and outcome, it is usually regarded as an illness in its own right, as patients do not display major changes in the form of the illness over time (Russell, 1970). It readily lends itself to being accorded clear-cut diagnostic criteria (Russell, 1977) and this is reflected in ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1987). However, the nosological independence of anorexia nervosa has undergone vigorous assault since its classic description by William Gull (1874). For example, the psychological nature of anorexia nervosa was obscured for 30 years by Simmond's (1914) description of anterior pituitary lesions and cachexia, and Kay & Leigh's (1954) influential study of anorexia nervosa concluded with their doubts about its status as a ‘psychiatric entity’.

scholarly journals Review of Quality Deficiencies Found in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Master Files Submitted to the WHO Prequalification of Medicines Programme

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ortega Diego ◽  
Antony Fake ◽  
Matthias Stahl ◽  
Lembit Rägo
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Purpose. The aim of this work was to determine the number and type of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) quality deficiencies in API Master Files (APIMFs) as submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Prequalification of Medicines Programme (PQP). Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of API quality deficiencies identified following the assessment of new APIMFs for non-sterile APIs during a 6-year period from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012. All deficiencies were collected, classified and quantified according to the Common Technical Document (CTD) sections and subsections and as groups of commonly raised questions. Results. There were 5446 deficiencies collected from 159 APIMF deficiency letters by CTD section, by selected CTD subsections and by selected CTD subsections and year. More than 50% of the total number of deficiencies related to the manufacturing sections of the CTD, followed by deficiencies concerning the impurities, the API specification and the stability sections of the CTD.  A pattern of API deficiencies across the different CTD subsections and over time was identified. Conclusions. The most frequent critical deficiencies were related to how the specific manufacturing process and the key materials used, in particular the API starting material, impact the API impurities content. The number and pattern of APIMF deficiencies did not change over time. The results are compared to the findings in similar studies as reported by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and similarities and differences are discussed. Our findings highlight the need for greater guidance and technical assistance for API manufacturers submitting APIMFs to the PQP. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viroj Tangcharoensathien ◽  
Orana Chandrasiri ◽  
Watinee Kunpeuk ◽  
Kamolphat Markchang ◽  
Nattanicha Pangkariya
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Market Promotion ◽  
And Control

Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and classifies them into four groups of tactics: (a) interfering with the legislative process; (b) using front groups to act on their behalf; (c) questioning the evidence of tobacco harm and the effectiveness of harm-reduction interventions; and (d) appearing responsible in the eyes of the public, journalists and policy-makers. Despite active implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries use similar tactics to aggressively interfere in policies, with the tobacco industry being the most aggressive. Policy interference by industries are effective in the context of poor governance, rampant corruption, conflict of interest among political and government actors, and regulatory capture in all levels of countries from low- to high-income. In addressing these interferences, government requires the practice of good governance, effective mechanisms to counteract conflict of interests among political and policy actors, and prevention of regulatory capture. The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework of Engagement with non-State Actors can be applied to the country context when engaging private entities in the prevention and control of NCDs.

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