scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids, Total Cholesterol, and Stomach Cancer in a Chinese Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hui Zhu ◽  
Somee Jeong ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Zi-Yi Jin ◽  
Jin-Yi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids

To investigate the associations between dietary fatty acids and cholesterol consumption and stomach cancer (SC), we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study with a total of 1900 SC cases and 6532 controls. Dietary data and other risk or protective factors were collected by face-to-face interviews in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2003 to 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple unconditional logistic regression models and an energy-adjusted method. The joint associations between dietary factors and known risk factors on SC were examined. We observed positive associations between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and total cholesterol and the development of SC, comparing the highest versus lowest quarters. Increased intakes of dietary SFAs (p-trend = 0.005; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22 with a 7 g/day increase as a continuous variable) and total cholesterol (p-trend < 0.001; aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06–1.22 with a 250 mg/day increase as a continuous variable) were monotonically associated with elevated odds of developing SC. Our results indicate that dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and total cholesterol are associated with stomach cancer, which might provide a potential dietary intervention for stomach cancer prevention.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals ASUPAN LEMAK, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KEGEMUKAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMP BINA INSANI SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jayanti Ayu Praditasari ◽  
Sri Sumarmik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fat Intake

Obesity is defi ned as excessive fat accumulation fat that causes excess weight. Diseases that related with obesity are diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and other degenerative diseases. Factors that affect obesity are dietary factors,history of hereditary, lifestyle, psychological factors, environment, individual, and biological which may infl uence energy intake and expenditure. Consumption of high fat in a long period without any activity for energy expenditure can increase the risk of obesity. This study was aimed to analyse the correlation between fat intake and physical activity with obesity among adolescent girls in SMP Bina Insani junior high school Surabaya. This study employed a case control study design with a retrospective approach. The research participants were 32 female students in Bina Insani junior high school Surabaya (16 control and 16 case samples). Total fat intake was relatively low. The intake of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) were low while Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) were high. There was no correlation between fat intake and obesity (ρ=0.240), but there was a signifi cant correlation between physical activity ρ=0.006 (OR= 9.533, 95% CI: 1.847-49.204) with adolescent obesity. The very mild physical activity give a risk as much as 9.533 times greater for developing obesity than the mild physical.Therefore, it is necessary to increase physical activity among adolescent girls by doing sports to reduce the risk of obesity.

Abstract MP068: Dietary Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease in Mortality in the Alpha Omega Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Famke J Mölenberg ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Anne J Wanders ◽  
Peter L Zock ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Omega

Background: Replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population. Whether this is also the case for CHD patients is not yet clear. In this observational study of Dutch CHD patients, we examined the risk of CHD mortality for the exchange of SFA with total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), PUFA and cis -monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Methods: We included 4146 post-myocardial infarction patients aged 60-80 (78% male; Alpha Omega Cohort) in whom diet was assessed at baseline (2002-2006) by a validated 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cause-specific mortality was monitored until January 2013. Iso-caloric replacement of SFA with (subgroups of) UFA in relation to CHD mortality was studied in quintiles and continuously per 5 energy percent (en%), using Cox regression models. Hazard ratios (HR, 95%-CI) were obtained after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, cardiovascular drugs (anticoagulants, antihypertensives, statins), diabetes, and dietary factors, i.e. total energy, protein (en%), carbohydrates (en%), trans fatty acids (en%), dietary fiber (g/d) and dietary cholesterol (mg/d). The model for PUFA also included MUFA as a covariate, and vice versa . Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, there were 888 deaths including 249 CHD deaths. SFA replacement was inversely associated with CHD mortality when comparing extreme quintiles of intake, which was statistically significant for total UFA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92; P = 0.03) and non-significant for PUFA (0.58, 0.31-1.09) and MUFA (0.81, 0.45-1.49). When expressed per 5 en% (Figure), replacing SFA with either UFA, PUFA or MUFA was associated with a more than 30% lower risk of CHD mortality. Findings were similar when confined to statin users. Conclusion: In well-treated CHD patients, replacement of SFA by UFA is associated with a lower CHD mortality risk.

Effects of Dietary Intake and Supplementation of Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic Disorders in Humans: a Lesson from a Large Number of Meta-Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138-1145
Author(s):  
Sho-ichi Yamagishi ◽  
Takanori Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

Dietary fatty acids have exerted numerous pathophysiological effects in humans. Indeed, monounsaturated fatty acids and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally thought to have favorable cardiometabolic actions via their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, while saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids are supposed to contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases by inducing dyslipidemia and obesity. However, there is much controversy about the effects of dietary intake and supplementation of fatty acids on cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we limited the scope of this review to metaanalyses (1) of observational studies of dietary intake of fatty acids and (2) of interventional trials with fatty acid supplements to scrutinize the role of fatty acids in various cardiometabolic disorders. We discuss here the clinical effects of fatty acids from dietary intake or supplements on incidence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and body weight, cardiovascular diseases and total mortality, and also review the association of fatty acid biomarkers with these cardiometabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and haemostasis

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette N. M. Kelly ◽  
Ruth D. Smith ◽  
Christine M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Coagulation Factor Vii ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Mufa Diet

Diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are increasingly being recommended as a highly-effective cholesterol-lowering strategy in populations at risk of CHD. However, the need for a re-appraisal of the benefits of diets rich in MUFA became apparent as a result of recent studies showing that meals high in olive oil cause greater postprandial activation of blood coagulation factor VII than meals rich in saturated fatty acids. The present review evaluates the evidence for the effects of MUFA-rich diets on fasting and postprandial measurements of haemostasis, and describes data from a recently-completed long-term controlled dietary intervention study. The data show that a background diet high in MUFA has no adverse effect on fasting haemostatic variables and decreases the postprandial activation of factor VII in response to a standard fat-containing meal. Since the same study also showed a significant reduction in theex vivoactivation of platelets in subjects on the high-MUFA diet, the overall findings suggest that there is no reason for concern regarding adverse haemostatic consequences of high-MUFA diets.

scholarly journals Dietary Fatty Acids, Macronutrient Substitutions, Food Sources and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the EPIC‐CVD Case‐Cohort Study Across Nine European Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinka Steur ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
Stephen J. Sharp ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Ivonne Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources

Background There is controversy about associations between total dietary fatty acids, their classes (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, the relevance of food sources of SFAs to CHD associations is uncertain. Methods and Results We conducted a case‐cohort study involving 10 529 incident CHD cases and a random subcohort of 16 730 adults selected from a cohort of 385 747 participants in 9 countries of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. We estimated multivariable adjusted country‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs per 5% of energy intake from dietary fatty acids, with and without isocaloric macronutrient substitutions, using Prentice‐weighted Cox regression models and pooled results using random‐effects meta‐analysis. We found no evidence for associations of the consumption of total or fatty acid classes with CHD, regardless of macronutrient substitutions. In analyses considering food sources, CHD incidence was lower per 1% higher energy intake of SFAs from yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88–0.99]), cheese (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96–1.00]), and fish (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75–1.00]), but higher for SFAs from red meat (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.12]) and butter (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.04]). Conclusions This observational study found no strong associations of total fatty acids, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with incident CHD. By contrast, we found associations of SFAs with CHD in opposite directions dependent on the food source. These findings should be further confirmed, but support public health recommendations to consider food sources alongside the macronutrients they contain, and suggest the importance of the overall food matrix.

scholarly journals Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. S37-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mansbridge ◽  
J. S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The predominant fatty acids in milk are the long-chain fatty acids myristic, palmitic and stearic. These saturated fatty acids account for 75 % of the total fatty acids, with a further 21 % occurring as monounsaturated fatty acids of which the most prevalent is oleic acid. Only 4 g/lOO g of the milk fatty acids are polyunsaturated, occurring mainly as linoleic and linolenic acids. All milk fatty acids are derived, almost equally, from either de novo synthesis or directly from preformed fatty acids in the diet. There are four main dietary sources of fatty acids: forages, oilseeds, fish oil and fat supplements. The digestive tract exerts a profound influence on the fate of dietary fatty acids. The short-chain saturated free fatty acids are absorbed through the walls of the rumen or abomasum into the bloodstream. The medium- and longer-chain saturated fatty acids pass into the small intestine, diffuse across the membrane wall where they are incorporated into lipoproteins and enter the bloodstream via the lymphatic system. The majority of unsaturated fatty acids are extensively hydrogenated in the rumen. However, recent work has shown that the levels of certain saturated fatty acids can be reduced and the levels of oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids increased by feeding oilseeds rich in mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, work reported here has confirmed that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids can be transferred to milk when a diet containing fish oil is fed, but the transfer efficiencies are low

scholarly journals The Influence of Nutrition on Adiponectin—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Justyna Janiszewska ◽  
Joanna Ostrowska ◽  
Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Negative Effect

The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which synthesizes and secretes a variety of adipokines, including adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory properties. Its expression is influenced by numerous factors such as age, sex, body weight and adipose tissue content. However, dietary factors, i.e., diet structure and the percentage of individual nutrients and products, are very important modulators. Beneficial dietary habits are the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, diet based on plant products and diet with reduced energy value. Moreover, the share of individual products and nutrients which increase the concentration of adiponectin is worth noting. This group may include monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, alcohol and milk products. Conversely, dietary ingredients which have a negative effect on the concentration of adiponectin are typical components of the Western diet: saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and red meat. Furthermore, a diet characterized by a high glycemic index such as a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet also seems to be unfavorable. Due to the fact that available knowledge should be systematized, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on the concentration of adiponectin.

scholarly journals Dietary fat intake and risk of disabling hearing impairment: a prospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Yévenes-Briones ◽  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Purpose To examine the associations of specific dietary fats with the risk of disabling hearing impairment in the UK Biobank study. Methods This cohort study investigated 105,592 participants (47,308 men and 58,284 women) aged ≥ 40 years. Participants completed a minimum of one valid 24-h recall (Oxford Web-Q). Dietary intake of total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was assessed at baseline. Functional auditory capacity was measured with a digit triplet test (DTT), and disabling hearing impairment was defined as a speech reception threshold in noise > − 3.5 dB in any physical exam performed during the follow-up. Results Over a median follow-up of 3.2 (SD: 2.1) years, 832 men and 872 women developed disabling hearing impairment. After adjustment for potential confounders, including lifestyles, exposure to high-intensity sounds, ototoxic medication and comorbidity, the hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence interval (CI) of disabling hearing function, comparing extreme quintiles of intakes were 0.91 (0.71–1.17) for total fat, 1.09 (0.83–1.44) for PUFA, 0.85 (0.64–1.13) for SFA and 1.01 (0.74–1.36) for MUFA among men. Among women, HRs comparing extreme intakes were 0.98 (0.78–1.24) for total fat, 0.69 (0.53–0.91) for PUFA, 1.26 (0.96–1.65) for SFA, and 0.91 (0.68–1.23) for MUFA. Replacing 5% of energy intake from SFA with an equivalent energy from PUFA was associated with 25% risk reduction (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.74–0.77) among women. Conclusions PUFA intake was associated with decreased risk of disabling hearing function in women, but not in men.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Goc ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lipid Compounds

AbstractThe strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

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