scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Low-Glycemic Index versus High-Glycemic Index Breakfasts on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Estela Jiménez López ◽  
María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso ◽  
Andrés Redondo-Tébar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
High Glycemic Index

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of High-Glycemic Index (GI) versus Low-GI breakfasts on cognitive functions, including memory and attention, of children and adolescents. We systematically searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until June 2019. Articles comparing the effect of Low-GI versus High-GI breakfasts on the cognitive function (i.e., immediate memory, delayed memory, and attention) of children and adolescents were included. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute the pooled effect sizes (ESs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled ESs were 0.13 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.37) for immediate memory and 0.07 (95% CI: −0.15, 0.28) for delayed memory. For attention, the pooled ES was −0.01 (95% CI: −0.27, 0.26). In summary, GI breakfasts do not affect cognitive domains in children and adolescents.

Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomised trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rianda ◽  
R. Agustina ◽  
E.A. Setiawan ◽  
N.R.M. Manikam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation

Available reviews have shown potential effects of probiotics on neurobehavioral outcomes through ‘gut-brain axis’ mechanism in adults. However, reviews on cognitive function in children and adolescents are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents. A search of four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, PubMed) was conducted to identify RCTs published from January 1990 to December 2018. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and their cognitive outcomes were analysed. Only one study found a positive result with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 1×1010 cfu supplementation with outcomes on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or Asperger syndrome (AS) manifestations as diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. The supplementations were administered to Finnish mothers for 4 weeks before delivery and continuously given for 6 months after delivery if they breastfed, or to the children. ADHD or AS was diagnosed at the age of 13 years in 17.1% children in the placebo and none in the probiotic group (P=0.008). This study found significant differences in species composition and number of cells belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium between healthy children and children who later developed ADHD or AS at different time points. Six remaining studies with varying strains, durations of intervention, start-time of administration, and outcomes demonstrated no difference in cognition after probiotic supplementation. Metagenomic analyses on gut microbiota composition were not performed in any of these studies. In conclusion, the favourable effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents was observed in one study with LGG supplementation by a risk reduction of developing ADHD or AS (i.e. autism). More long-term and follow-up trials using probiotics identifying the effect on cognition are warranted before routine use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spontaneous Swallow Frequency in Healthy People and Those With, or at Risk of Developing, Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Bulmer ◽  
Caroline Ewers ◽  
Michael J Drinnan ◽  
Victoria C Ewan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register

Abstract BackgroundDysphagia is a common, and frequently undetected, complication of many neurological disorders and of sarcopoenia in ageing persons. However it is difficult to detect dysphagia clinically until the point of visible aspiration, and there are relatively few trained speech and language therapists, whose time and remit are limited to those with obvious disorders. Reduction in spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF) has been mooted as a possible proxy for dysphagia. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature to describe SSF in both the healthy population, and in disease specific populations, in order to assess its utility as a screening tool to identify dysphagia.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Metadata were extracted, collated, and analysed via a random effects model to give quantitative insight.ResultsThree hundred and twelve articles were retrieved, with 19 meeting inclusion and quality criteria. Heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 98%), in part, due to the variety of methods for swallow identification reported. The mean SSF in Healthy younger groups was 0.98/min [CI: 0.78; 1.23]. In the Parkinson’s groups mean SSF was 0.59/min [0.41; 0.85]. Mean SSF in Healthy older, Higher risk and Dysphagic populations were similar (0.21/min [0.12; 0.37], 0.26/min [0.14; 0.85]), (0.27/min [0.17; 0.43] respectively).ConclusionsSSF is a novel, non-invasive clinical variable which warrants further explorations as to its potential to identify persons at risk of dysphagia. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to develop objective, standardised methods for detecting SSF, and develop normative values in healthy populations.

scholarly journals Poststroke depression and risk of stroke recurrence and mortality: protocol of a meta-analysis and systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e026316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wa Cai ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Christoph Mueller ◽  
Yi-Jing Li ◽  
Wei-Dong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionA number of observational studies have indicated that poststroke depression could increase the risk of stroke outcomes. There is a meta-analysis indicating that poststroke depression is a risk factor of all-cause mortality. This paper reports the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the associations of poststroke depression with stroke recurrence and mortality in order to determine whether poststroke depression is a predictor of stroke outcomes according to data extracted from relevant observational studies.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Web of Science databases, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be used to conduct the search. Published studies written in English will be included. The risk of bias for the studies included in the systematic review or meta-analysis will be assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. HRs for stroke recurrence and mortality with 95% CIs will be included as primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be needed because the data used in this systematic review will be extracted from published studies. The results of the systematic review focusing on whether depression after stroke is a predictor for stroke recurrence and mortality will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018107944.

scholarly journals Statins Reduce Mortality After Non-severe but Not After Severe Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwang Jia ◽  
Wenjie Huang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Zhong Xu ◽  
Lichan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pneumonia Severity ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Statin Use

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of statins on mortality for patients with non-severe pneumonia or severe pneumonia. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for the association between statins and non-severe/severe pneumonia. Eligible articles were analyzed in Stata 12.0. RESULTS: The database search yielded a total of 566 potential publications, 24 studies involving 312,309 patients met the eligibility criteria. Pooled unadjusted data showed that statin use was associated with lower mortality after non-severe pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.73), but not severe pneumonia (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 0.86-1.28). However, this protective effect of statins was weakened using adjusted estimates (OR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.75-0.82). Besides, protective effect of statins was attenuated by confounders in a subgroup analysis, especially when accounting for pneumonia severity indicators (OR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Statin use was associated with reduced mortality after non-severe pneumonia but not severe pneumonia and this protective effect was weakened in subgroups. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Implementation strategies to improve statin utilization in individuals with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laney K. Jones ◽  
Stephanie Tilberry ◽  
Christina Gregor ◽  
Lauren H. Yaeger ◽  
Yirui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Implementing Change ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Statin Adherence

Abstract Background Numerous implementation strategies to improve utilization of statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia have been utilized, with varying degrees of success. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the state of evidence of implementation strategies on the uptake of statins. Methods and results This systematic review identified and categorized implementation strategies, according to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation, used in studies to improve statin use. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to October 2018. All included studies were reported in English and had at least one strategy to promote statin uptake that could be categorized using the ERIC compilation. Data extraction was completed independently, in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. We extracted LDL-C (concentration and target achievement), statin prescribing, and statin adherence (percentage and target achievement). A total of 258 strategies were used across 86 trials. The median number of strategies used was 3 (SD 2.2, range 1–13). Implementation strategy descriptions often did not include key defining characteristics: temporality was reported in 59%, dose in 52%, affected outcome in 9%, and justification in 6%. Thirty-one trials reported at least 1 of the 3 outcomes of interest: significantly reduced LDL-C (standardized mean difference [SMD] − 0.17, 95% CI − 0.27 to − 0.07, p = 0.0006; odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.58, p = 0.0008), increased rates of statin prescribing (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.06, p < 0.0001), and improved statin adherence (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.19; p = 0.0002; OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.63, p = 0.023). The number of implementation strategies used per study positively influenced the efficacy outcomes. Conclusion Although studies demonstrated improved statin prescribing, statin adherence, and reduced LDL-C, no single strategy or group of strategies consistently improved outcomes. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42018114952.

scholarly journals Evidence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of dental fear in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cianetti ◽  
Luigi Paglia ◽  
Roberto Gatto ◽  
Alessandro Montedori ◽  
Eleonora Lupatelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cochrane Database

IntroductionSeveral techniques have been proposed to manage dental fear/dental anxiety (DFA) in children and adolescents undergoing dental procedures. To our knowledge, no widely available compendium of therapies to manage DFA exists. We propose a study protocol to assess the evidence regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to relieve dental anxiety in children and adolescents.Methods and analysisIn our systematic review, we will include randomised trials, controlled clinical rials and systematic reviews (SRs) of trials that investigated the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to decrease dental anxiety in children and adolescents. We will search the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects=, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Web of Science for relevant studies. Pairs of review authors will independently review titles, abstracts and full texts identified by the specific literature search and extract data using a standardised data extraction form. For each study, information will be extracted on the study report (eg, author, year of publication), the study design (eg, the methodology and, for SRs, the types and number of studies included), the population characteristics, the intervention(s), the outcome measures and the results. The quality of SRs will be assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Reviews instrument, while the quality of the retrieved trials will be evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions criteria.Ethics and disseminationApproval from an ethics committee is not required, as no participants will be included. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Meniscus Repair in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Treatment Approaches, Meniscal Healing, and Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Balbinotti Ferrari ◽  
Colin P. Murphy ◽  
João Luiz Ellera Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meniscal Repair ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Meniscal Healing ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

AbstractAlthough the consequences of traumatic meniscus tears and the importance of meniscal repair are well-established in adults, the same cannot be said for the young population. Better evidence regarding the outcomes following traumatic meniscal tears in children would improve our understanding of this increasing pathology and help define important factors in deciding the best treatment option. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish, or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. Our search identified 2,534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. All eight studies were classified as level of evidence IV. The mean methodological index for nonrandomized studies score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. In conclusion, meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone, or technique. Reported complications were minimal; however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. This is a systematic review study with Level IV.

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