scholarly journals The Intestinal Fate of Citrus Flavanones and Their Effects on Gastrointestinal Health

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yala Stevens ◽  
Evelien Van Rymenant ◽  
Charlotte Grootaert ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Sam Possemiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Citrus flavanones, with hesperidin and naringin as the most abundant representatives, have various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Evidence also indicates that they may impact the intestinal microbiome and are metabolized by the microbiota as well, thereby affecting their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an overview on the current evidence on the intestinal fate of hesperidin and naringin, their interaction with the gut microbiota, and their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. These topics will be discussed as they may contribute to gastrointestinal health in various diseases. Evidence shows that hesperidin and naringin are metabolized by intestinal bacteria, mainly in the (proximal) colon, resulting in the formation of their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin and various smaller phenolics. Studies have also shown that citrus flavanones and their metabolites are able to influence the microbiota composition and activity and exert beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function and gastrointestinal inflammation. Although the exact underlying mechanisms of action are not completely clear and more research in human subjects is needed, evidence so far suggests that citrus flavanones as well as their metabolites have the potential to contribute to improved gastrointestinal function and health.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease in CKD

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jovanovich ◽  
Tamara Isakova ◽  
Jason Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

Patients with CKD exhibit a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular mortality, which likely stems from the presence of unique, nontraditional risk factors that accompany deteriorating kidney function. Mounting evidence suggests that alterations to the intestinal microbiome in CKD may serve as one such risk factor. The human intestinal tract is home to >100 trillion micro-organisms made up of a collection of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic species. These species along with their local environment constitute the intestinal microbiome. Patients with CKD show intestinal dysbiosis, an alteration of the gut micro-organism composition and function. Recent evidence links byproducts of intestinal dysbiosis to vascular calcification, atherosclerosis formation, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CKD. CKD-associated intestinal dysbiosis may also be accompanied by defects in intestinal barrier function, which could further enhance the negative effects of pathogenic intestinal bacteria in the human host. Thus, intestinal dysbiosis, defective intestinal barrier function, and a reduced capacity for clearance by the kidney of absorbed bacterial byproducts may all potentiate the development of cardiovascular disease in CKD. This narrative review focuses on microbiome-mediated mechanisms associated with CKD that may promote atherosclerosis formation and cardiovascular disease. It includes (1) new data supporting the hypothesis that intestinal barrier dysfunction leads to bacterial translocation and endotoxemia that potentiate systemic inflammation, (2) information on the accumulation of dietary-derived bacterial byproducts that stimulate pathways promoting atheromatous changes in arteries and cardiovascular disease, and (3) potential interventions. Despite great scientific interest in and a rapidly growing body of literature on the relationship between the microbiome and cardiovascular disease in CKD, many important questions remain unanswered.

scholarly journals BAFF Blockade Attenuates Inflammatory Responses and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in a Murine Endotoxemia Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Quan ◽  
Chaoyue Chen ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Endotoxemia Model

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) production is increased in septic patients. However, the specific role of BAFF in sepsis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the expression and function of BAFF in an experimental endotoxemia model and to identify the potential mechanisms. We established an endotoxemia mouse (6–8 weeks, 20–22 g) model by administering 30 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BAFF levels in the circulating system and organ tissues were measured 4 and 8 h after LPS injection. Survival rates in the endotoxemia mice were monitored for 72 h after BAFF blockade. The effects of BAFF blockade on systemic and local inflammation, organ injuries, and intestinal barrier function were also evaluated 4 h after LPS treatment. BAFF production was systemically and locally elevated after LPS challenge. BAFF blockade improved the survival rate, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ injuries. Moreover, BAFF blockade attenuated both intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal permeability. BAFF blockade upregulated ZO-1 and occludin protein levels via the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC signaling pathway. These results suggested that BAFF blockade protects against lethal endotoxemia at least partially by alleviating inflammation, multi-organ injuries, and improving intestinal barrier function and provides a novel focus for further research on sepsis and experimental evidence for clinical therapy.

Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Rhizoma Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10839-10851
Author(s):  
Zhi-jie Ma ◽  
Huan-jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-jing Ma ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Hong-jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Ginger extract showed beneficial effects on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the recovery of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins and intestinal barrier function: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Valdez ◽  
Bradley W. Bolling
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Chronic intestinal inflammation, occurring in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), is associated with compromised intestinal barrier function. Inflammatory cytokines disrupt tight junctions and increase paracellular permeability of luminal antigens. Thus, chronic intestinal barrier dysfunction hinders the resolution of inflammation. Dietary approaches may help mitigate intestinal barrier dysfunction and chronic inflammation. A growing body of work in rodent models of colitis has demonstrated that berry consumption inhibits chronic intestinal inflammation. Berries are a rich dietary source of polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins. However, berry anthocyanins have limited bioavailability and are extensively metabolized by the gut microbiota and host tissue. This review summarizes the literature regarding the beneficial functions of anthocyanin-rich berries in treating and preventing IBD. Here, we will establish the role of barrier function in the pathogenesis of IBD and how dietary anthocyanins and their known microbial catabolites modulate intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Hiippala ◽  
Hanne Jouhten ◽  
Aki Ronkainen ◽  
Anna Hartikainen ◽  
Veera Kainulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Extracellular Structures

The intestinal microbiota, composed of pro- and anti-inflammatory microbes, has an essential role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. An overly hygienic lifestyle, consumption of processed and fiber-poor foods, or antibiotics are major factors modulating the microbiota and possibly leading to longstanding dysbiosis. Dysbiotic microbiota is characterized to have altered composition, reduced diversity and stability, as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-containing, proinflammatory bacteria. Specific commensal species as novel probiotics, so-called next-generation probiotics, could restore the intestinal health by means of attenuating inflammation and strengthening the epithelial barrier. In this review we summarize the latest findings considering the beneficial effects of the promising commensals across all major intestinal phyla. These include the already well-known bifidobacteria, which use extracellular structures or secreted substances to promote intestinal health. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Eubacterium hallii metabolize dietary fibers as major short-chain fatty acid producers providing energy sources for enterocytes and achieving anti-inflammatory effects in the gut. Akkermansia muciniphila exerts beneficial action in metabolic diseases and fortifies the barrier function. The health-promoting effects of Bacteroides species are relatively recently discovered with the findings of excreted immunomodulatory molecules. These promising, unconventional probiotics could be a part of biotherapeutic strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Dietary intake from complementary feeding is associated with intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy in Brazilian children from the MAL-ED cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012
Author(s):  
P. N. Costa ◽  
A. M. Soares ◽  
J. Q. Filho ◽  
F. S. Junior ◽  
R. Ambikapathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Environmental Enteropathy

AbstractA child’s diet contains nutrients and other substances that influence intestinal health. The present study aimed to evaluate the relations between complementary feeding, intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy (EE) in infants. Data from 233 children were obtained from the Brazilian site of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project cohort study. Habitual dietary intake from complementary feeding was estimated using seven 24-h dietary recalls, from 9 to 15 months of age. Intestinal barrier function was assessed using the lactulose–mannitol test (L–M), and EE was determined as a composite measure using faecal biomarkers concentrations – α-1-antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neopterin (NEO) at 15 months of age. The nutrient adequacies explored the associations between dietary intake and the intestinal biomarkers. Children showed adequate nutrient intakes (with the exception of fibre), impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. There was a negative correlation between energy adequacy and L–M (ρ = −0·19, P < 0·05) and between folate adequacy and NEO concentrations (ρ = −0·21, P < 0·01). In addition, there was a positive correlation between thiamine adequacy and MPO concentration (ρ = 0·22, P < 0·01) and between Ca adequacy and NEO concentration (ρ = 0·23; P < 0·01). Multiple linear regression models showed that energy intakes were inversely associated with intestinal barrier function (β = −0·19, P = 0·02), and fibre intake was inversely associated with the EE scores (β = −0·20, P = 0·04). Findings suggest that dietary intake from complementary feeding is associated with decreased intestinal barrier function and EE in children.

scholarly journals Curcumin and Intestinal Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms of Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Burge ◽  
Aarthi Gunasekaran ◽  
Jeffrey Eckert ◽  
Hala Chaaban
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Dietary Antigens ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Inflammatory Disease

Intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, are becoming increasingly prevalent. While knowledge of the pathogenesis of these related diseases is currently incomplete, each of these conditions is thought to involve a dysfunctional, or overstated, host immunological response to both bacteria and dietary antigens, resulting in unchecked intestinal inflammation and, often, alterations in the intestinal microbiome. This inflammation can result in an impaired intestinal barrier allowing for bacterial translocation, potentially resulting in systemic inflammation and, in severe cases, sepsis. Chronic inflammation of this nature, in the case of inflammatory bowel disease, can even spur cancer growth in the longer-term. Recent research has indicated certain natural products with anti-inflammatory properties, such as curcumin, can help tame the inflammation involved in intestinal inflammatory diseases, thus improving intestinal barrier function, and potentially, clinical outcomes. In this review, we explore the potential therapeutic properties of curcumin on intestinal inflammatory diseases, including its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, as well as its potential to alter the intestinal microbiome. Curcumin may play a significant role in intestinal inflammatory disease treatment in the future, particularly as an adjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Impair Intestinal Barrier Function during Experimental Colitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Yi-Hsin Lin ◽  
Hsuan-Ju Lai ◽  
Yuan-Kai Cheng ◽  
Kai-Quan Leong ◽  
Li-Chieh Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Barrier Integrity

Aberrant neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and the loss of barrier integrity in inflamed intestinal tissues have long been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, whether NETs alter intestinal epithelium permeability during colitis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that NETs promote the breakdown in intestinal barrier function for the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation in mouse models of colitis. NETs were abundant in the colon of mice with colitis experimentally induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Analysis of the intestinal barrier integrity revealed that NETs impaired gut permeability, enabling the initiation of luminal bacterial translocation and inflammation. Furthermore, NETs induced the apoptosis of epithelial cells and disrupted the integrity of tight junctions and adherens junctions. Intravenous administration of DNase I, an enzyme that dissolves the web-like DNA filaments of NETs, during colitis restored the mucosal barrier integrity which reduced the dissemination of luminal bacteria, and attenuated intestinal inflammation in both DSS and TNBS models. We conclude that NETs serve a detrimental factor in the gut epithelial barrier function leading to the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation during acute colitis.

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