scholarly journals Association between Parent and Child Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes: Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Koyama ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Aomori Prefectural ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This study investigated the association between parent and child sodium and potassium intakes using data from the 2016 Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed one day dietary record data of 103 mothers, 94 fathers, 51 children aged 1–3 years, 39 children aged 4–6 years, 91 children aged 7–14 years, and 56 children aged 15–19 years. We also examined the association of sodium and potassium intake between co-habiting grandparents and their grandchildren. After adjusting for covariates, the total daily sodium intake in mothers was positively associated with that in children for every age group. Potassium intakes by the mothers during breakfast and dinner were positively associated with those in children aged 1–3, 4–6, and 7–14 years. The associations in sodium and potassium intakes between fathers and children were weaker. In addition, these associations were similar to those between the sodium intakes of grandchildren and their grandparents. The association between mother and child sodium and potassium intakes at breakfast and dinner was related to the consumption of similar foods, which suggests the importance of home environment in influencing total dietary sodium and potassium intake in Japanese people.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake: Data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Vargas-Meza ◽  
Manuel A. Cervantes-Armenta ◽  
Ismael Campos-Nonato ◽  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Joaquín Alejandro Marrón-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Low K ◽  
Fourth Quartile ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Sodium Consumption

Population studies have demonstrated an association between sodium (Na) and po-tassium (K) intake and levels of blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake and distribution of Na and K in Mexicans, and their as-sociation with metabolic risk outcomes. We analyzed a national survey that included 4,219 participants. Dietary information was obtained through a 24-hour recall. Foods and beverages were classified based on the degree of processing. BP and biomarkers in blood and urine were measured. The mean intake (mg/d) of Na was 1512 in pre-schoolchildren, 2844 in schoolchildren, 3743 in adolescents, and 3132 in adults. The mean intake of K was 1616 in pre-schoolchildren, 2256 in schoolchildren, 2967 in adolescents, and 3401 in adults. Processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute to sodium intake: 49% in preschool and schoolchildren, 47% in adolescents, and 39% in adults. Adults in the fourth quartile of sodium intake had lower serum concentrations of cholesterol (181.4 mg/dL) and HDL-c (35.5 mg/dL). The Mexican population has high Na and low K intakes. There is a relationship between Na sodium consumption and cholesterol, and LDL levels. UPF contributes to almost 40% of the sodium consumed by Mexicans.

Dietary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110654
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Sara DelOlmo-Romero ◽  
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ◽  
José-Luis Callejas-Rubio ◽  
Raquel Ríos-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Complement C4 ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium:potassium ratio and clinical disease activity parameters, damage accrual, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Research design and study sample: A cross-sectional study including a total of 280 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.9 ± 12.85 years). Data collection: The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate dietary intake of sodium and potassium. Results: Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA ( β  =  −.005; 95% CI [.002 .008]; p = .001) and complement C4 level ( β  =  −.002; 95% CI [−.003, .000]; p = .039). Dietary potassium intake was also significantly associated with complement C3 level ( β  =  −.004; 95% CI [−.007, −.001]; p = .021). Multiple logistic regression models revealed a positive association between dietary sodium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .005) and an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .004). Conclusions: SLE patients with higher dietary sodium and lower dietary potassium intakes had an increased risk of higher hsCRP. Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA and complement C4 level, while dietary potassium intake was associated with complement C3 level, supporting that dietary sodium and potassium intakes might play a key role in markers related to disease activity in SLE patients.

P1690Lab-on-a-chip based self-monitoring device for dietary intake of potassium and sodium: the LAB-CHIPS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Vendeville ◽  
H A H Kaasjager ◽  
R E A Musson ◽  
W Spiering
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Kawasaki Formula

Abstract Background Dietary sodium restriction and upholding adequate potassium intake is an important lifestyle modification strategy advocated in guidelines for the management of hypertension and for lowering cardiovascular risk in the general population. The gold standard for estimating sodium and potassium intake, 24-hour urine collection (24hUc), is time consuming and cumbersome, but most importantly not a good indicator of dietary habit due to day-to-day variation. New lab-on-a-chip technology has been developed to measure urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion in a single drop of urine using microcapillary electrophoreses combined with conductivity analyses. Self-monitoring can be done at home over a longer period of time. Results are readily available. Purpose To assess agreement between 24hUc and the lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device for estimating past 24h dietary sodium and potassium intake for single and multiple self-tests by using the Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka formulae. Methods Healthy participants (n=12) were asked to adhere to three different weekly dietary sodium restriction goals. Participants received verbal and written information to aim between 3.3 and 5.0 grams of sodium intake a day during week 1 (“normal”), >3.3<5.0 grams in week 2 (low) and >5.0 grams during week 3 (high). Weekly measurement instructions consisted of one self-test on day 1 through 6 and multiple self-tests (n=3) combined with a 24hUc on day 7. To estimate 24h sodium and potassium intake, Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka formulas were used. The Bland-Altman method was used to calculate the agreement. Results The agreement (mg/day) for sodium between 24hUc and a self-test on first morning urine (fmu) (Kawasaki), was −102±804 (normal), −860±592 (low) and 340±1406 (high). For multiple self-tests (n=3) performed on 24hUc days, using the INTERSALT formula, the agreement was: 577±832 (normal), −701±721 (low) and 1788±911 (high). Any combination of same day single or multiple INTERSALT or Tanaka self-tests and fmu Kawasaki did not result in better agreement. For potassium the agreement between 24hUc and fmu (Kawaksaki) was 1071±966 (normal), 1376±678 (low) and 1654±880 (high). Using the Tanaka formula resulted in further underestimation and thus worse agreement for same day self-tests and fmu. Conclusion In this study, agreement between 24hUc and the lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device for estimating past 24h dietary sodium intake was best for a fmu self-test calculated with the Kawasaki formula. For estimating potassium intake, a fmu self-test with help of the Kawasaki formula overestimated potassium intake considerably. This lab-on-a-chip self-monitoring device has the potential to improve current lifestyle modification strategies.

scholarly journals Is a Hypertension Diagnosis Associated with Improved Dietary Outcomes Within 2 to 4 Years? A Fixed-effects Analysis from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (P10-063-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Aburto ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
Jennifer Poti ◽  
Annie Howard ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

Abstract Objectives To estimate the longitudinal association between self-reported doctor diagnosis of hypertension and subsequent short-term changes (within 2–4 years) in sodium intake, potassium intake and sodium-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Methods We used data from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991 to 2015) including 16,268 adults (18–75 years of age) without hypertension at their first entry wave. Diet data were collected using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and a weighed household food inventory. Diagnosed hypertension was defined as self-reported doctor diagnosis of hypertension. We used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between the first occurrence of a hypertension diagnosis and subsequent within-individual changes in sodium intake, potassium intake and Na/K ratio. To further understand the observed heterogeneity by sex, we examined changes in diet outcomes in pairs of spouses, and changes at the household level. Results Model-based results suggest that on average, men who were diagnosed with hypertension decreased their sodium intake by 260 mg/d and their Na/K ratio by 0.21 within two to four years after diagnosis (P < 0.01). Among spouse pairs, sodium intake and Na/K ratio of women decreased when their husbands were diagnosed with hypertension (P < 0.05). At the household level, sodium density and Na/K ratio decreased (-8.5 mg/100 kcal and -0.19) after a man was diagnosed (P < 0.05). In contrast, when women were diagnosed, sodium, potassium and Na/K ratio changes associated with hypertension diagnosis were not statistically significant. Conclusions Our study suggests that when men were diagnosed with hypertension, dietary sodium intake and Na/K ratio improved for them, as well as their wife and other household members. However, when women were diagnosed, none of the changes were statistically significant. There is a need to address the gender bias, along with efforts to increase hypertension diagnosis in China. Funding Sources The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and CONACyT.

scholarly journals Salt Consumption in Latvian Population: A Pilot Study

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ilva Lazda ◽  
Māris Goldmanis ◽  
Inese Siksna
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Dietary Data

Background and objective: High dietary sodium intake is associated with multiple health risks, and the average sodium intake in Latvia is higher than the World Health Organization has recommended. In Latvia, no study so far has combined self-reported dietary data on sodium and potassium intake with objective measurements in 24-h urine samples. This pilot study aimed to cross-validate both methods and to assess any possible factors interfering with the collection of samples and data in large, population-based future studies of sodium and potassium intake in Latvian adults. Materials and methods: A stratified random sample of healthy Latvian adults aged 19–64 (n = 30) was drawn. Dietary data of sodium and potassium was collected using one 24-h dietary recall and a two-day food diary. Sodium and potassium excretion was measured by one 24-h urinary collection. Results: Median intake of sodium and potassium based on dietary data was 2276.4 mg/day (interquartile range (IQR), 1683.3–3979.4) and 2172.0 mg/day (IQR, 1740.6–3506.5), respectively. Median intake of sodium and potassium based on urinary data was 3500.3 mg/day (IQR, 2191.0–5535.0) and 2965.4 mg/day (IQR, 2530.2–3749.9), respectively. Urinary data showed significantly higher results than dietary records (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.023). Only 13% of the subjects did not exceed the WHO-recommended limit of 2000 mg of sodium per day, and only 33% consumed at least the recommended allowance of 3510 mg of potassium per day. Median intake of salt was 8.8 g/day (IQR, 5.5–13.8) (according to urinary data). Conclusions: The findings from the present study showed considerable underestimation of dietary sodium and potassium intake based on self-reported dietary data. Urinary data revealed more accurate results, and showed that Latvian adults exceed the amount of salt recommended and consume less potassium than recommended. The pilot study also showed that the chosen methods are adequate for implementation in large, population-based studies to evaluate dietary intake of salt, sodium, and potassium in populations of Latvian adults.

ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATES IN CHILDREN WITH NORMAL ADRENAL FUNCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
George T. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Secretion Rates

Aldosterone secretion rate (ASR) was measured in 17 children during low, normal, and high dietary sodium intakes. Their ages varied from 3 months to 16 years; there were eight girls and nine boys. The average ASR with low, normal, and high sodium intakes were 236, 77, and 18 µg/ day respectively. The independent contribution of patient age, sex, sodium and potassium intake, and duration of fixed sodium intake was tested by least squares multiple regression analysis. The most important independent variable was sodium intake, although the sex and age of the patient were statistically significant variables. From this study it seems unlikely that precise control of all nutrients is necessary for evaluation of ASR if careful attention is paid to sodium intake.

Abstract P170: Associations of Calibrated Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes With the Risk of Heart Failure and its Subtypes in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Gu ◽  
Lesley F Tinker ◽  
Alison E Field ◽  
Mary B Roberts ◽  
Matthew Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Background: Previous studies have suggested that sodium reduction could be a viable strategy for reducing heart failure-related disease burden. Relatively few studies had been conducted on dietary sodium and the incidence of heart failure (HF) and its major subtypes; HF with preserved ejection function (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection function (HFrEF). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that dietary sodium was positively associated with the risk of HF and its major subtypes with a linear dose-response relationship, whereas dietary potassium was inversely associated with the risks of these outcomes. Methods: Our observational cohort study included 118,057 racial/ethnically diverse postmenopausal women recruited during 1993-1998 and followed up until 2015 in the Women’s Health Initiative. Women who reported a history of HF, were underweight, or had implausible/missing food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were excluded at baseline. The exposures of our study were FFQ-measured dietary sodium and potassium calibrated by recovery biomarkers estimated from 24-hour urine excretion collections. The main outcomes were hospitalized heart failure, including HFpEF and HFrEF subtyping, as adjudicated by trained physicians. Results: During up to 22 years of follow-up, 2,533, 1,048 and 673 participants developed HF, HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively. The mean age of the study population was 63.4 years, in which 84.3% (99,297 of 118,057) were white, 7.8% (9,150 of 118,057) were African American, 3.8% (4,469 of 118,057) were Hispanic and 4.1% (4,832 of 118,057) were other race/ethnicity groups. The median of calibrated dietary sodium intake was 2,712.4 mg/day (interquartile range: 2,503.3 mg/day-2,948.4 mg/day) and the median of dietary potassium intake was 2,494.5 mg/day (interquartile range: 2,249.8 mg/day-2,718.2 mg/day). After adjusting for potential confounding variables and risk factors of HF, calibrated sodium intake was positively associated with the incidence of HF (HR Q5 vs. Q1 =2.59, 95% CI: 2.26-2.98, P-trend <0.001). Comparing extreme quintiles of sodium intake, the HR was 2.87 for HFpEF (95% CI: 2.29-3.60) and 1.71 for HFrEF (95% CI: 1.28-2.30, both P-trend<0.001). The dose-response relationships between calibrated sodium intake and the risk of HF and HFrEF were non-linear with accelerated increasing risks at higher intake level, while the dose-response relationship for HFpEF was linear. Similar positive associations were observed for the analyses on calibrated sodium/potassium ratio, whereas calibrated potassium intake was not associated with the risk of HF and its major subtypes. Conclusions: Higher sodium intake is associated with increased risk of HF and its major subtypes. The observed positive association appears to be stronger for HFpEF than for HFrEF. These findings help to inform dietary recommendations for primary heart failure prevention.

scholarly journals Dietary sodium, potassium, and blood pressure in normotensive pregnant women: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Abbi D. Lane-Cordova ◽  
Lara R. Schneider ◽  
William C. Tucker ◽  
James W. Cook ◽  
Sara Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio are linearly associated with blood pressure in nonpregnant adults. Earlier investigations suggested null or inverse associations of blood pressure and sodium during normotensive pregnancy; findings have not been confirmed in race/ethnically diverse women or while accounting for potassium. Our purpose was to evaluate associations of blood pressure with sodium and potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio in race/ethnically diverse normotensive pregnant women. We used cross-sectional blood pressure and dietary data from 984 women in multiple cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (mean age = 27.6 ± 0.2 years). We tested for differences in blood pressure across quartiles of sodium intake using Kruskal–Wallis tests and linear regression to evaluate associations of sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. We adjusted for potential confounding variables: age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, body mass index, smoking, and month of pregnancy. SBP and DBP were similar across quartiles of sodium intake: quartile 1 (lowest sodium intake): 107/59; quartile 2: 106/59; quartile 3: 108/60; quartile 4 (highest sodium intake): 108/58 mm Hg, p > 0.60 for all. Sodium (β = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.20 to 0.52) and potassium (β = 0.18, 95% CI: –0.24 to 0.60) and the sodium-to-potassium ratio (β = –0.54, 95% CI: –1.55 to 0.47) were not associated with SBP or DBP. Results were similar in stratified analyses. Novelty Blood pressure was similar among quartiles of sodium or potassium intake, even in analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and trimester of pregnancy. There was no association of sodium or potassium with blood pressure. Blood pressure may be insensitive to dietary sodium and potassium during normotensive pregnancy.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in Hungarian Elderly: Results from the Cross-Sectional Biomarker2019 Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy ◽  
Andrea Horváth ◽  
Anita Varga ◽  
Leonóra Zámbó ◽  
Andrea Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization’s recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.

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