scholarly journals Adiposity Mediates the Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged Black South African Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asanda Mtintsilana ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Elin Chorell ◽  
Tommy Olsson ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
...  

The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a validated tool used to measure the inflammatory potential of the diet, has been associated with metabolic disorders in various settings, but not in African populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the DII is associated with markers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, and if this association is mediated by adiposity and/or low-grade inflammation, in black South Africa women. Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DII) scores were calculated in 190 women (median age, 53 years) from the Birth-to-Twenty plus cohort using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines were measured, and an oral glucose tolerance test performed. Basic anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body fat, including estimate of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, were measured. E-DII scores were associated with all markers of T2D risk, namely, fasting glucose and insulin, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, two-hour glucose and Matsuda index (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, measures of adiposity, but not inflammatory cytokines, mediated the association between E-DII and markers of T2D risk (p < 0.05). Measures of central obesity had proportionally higher (range: 23.5–100%) mediation effects than total obesity (range: 10–60%). The E-DII is associated with T2D risk through obesity, in particular central obesity, among black middle-aged South African women.

Author(s):  
Eva Sulistiowati ◽  
Marice Sihombing

Abstrak Prediabetes merupakan kondisi gula darah puasa 100-125mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah pembebanan 75 g glukosa 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Tujuan analisis ini untuk mengetahui terjadinya DM Tipe 2 pada responden dengan prediabetes dalam follow-up 2 tahun. Prospektif studi dalam 2 tahun pada 3344 responden Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM non-DM tipe 2. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik (BB, TB, lingkar perut, tekanan darah), dan laboratorium (GDP, GDPP, Kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida). Kadar glukosa darah untuk DM Tipe 2 dan prediabetes mengacu pada kriteria ADA 2011. Analisis deskriptif tentang karakteristik, life tabel perkembangan DM Tipe 2 dari prediabetes. Prediabetes yang terjadi sebesar 24,6% (IFG 2,3%; IGT 19,2% dan mix IFG/IGT 2,8%) dan 13,4% mengalami DM tipe 2 dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun. Progresivitas terjadinya DM dari IFG, IGT dan mix TGTmasing-masing 6,21; 6,12 dan 14,6 per 100 orang per tahun. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya DM tipe 2 antara lain: umur (40-54 tahun RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 tahun (RR=2,74; CI 95%: 1,34-5,58), obesitas sentral (RR=4,42; CI 95%: 2,36-8,29), hipertensi (RR= 1,99; CI 95%: 1,29-3,06) dan hipertrigliserida (RR=1,83; CI 95%: 1,18-2,83). Proporsi prediabetes dan terjadinya DM tipe 2 di Bogor Tengah dalam pengamatan 2 tahun, meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur dan dipengaruhi oleh obesitas sentral, hipertensi, hipertrigliserida. Pengendalian faktor risiko dan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin dapat mencegah terjadinya DM tipe 2. Perlu ditunjang dengan posbindu PTM aktif di masyarakat, lingkungan kerja maupun sekolah. Kata kunci: Prediabetes, Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2), Bogor Tengah Abstract Prediabetes is a condition that fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) or blood glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes increases the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This analysis is to determine the progression rate to T2DM in prediabetes respondents during 2 years follow up. This is an two years prospective study in 3344 respondents Cohort Study of Risk Factors NCD without T2DM. The data collected included interviews, physical examination (body weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure), and laboratory (fasting plasma glucose/FPG, plasma glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). Blood glucose levels for DM and prediabetes refers to ADA criteria 2011. Data analisized by descriptive about characteristics, life table of T2DM development from prediabetes. Prediabetes occurred at 24.6% (IFG 2.3%, IGT 19.2% and mix IFG / IGT 2.8%) and 13.4% experienced type 2 diabetes within 2 years. The progression of DM from IFG, IGT and mix TGT is 6.21; 6.12 and 14,6 per 100 person per year respectively. The risk factors of T2DM are age (40-54 years old (RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 years old (RR=2,74; CI 95%:1,34-5,58), central obesity (RR=4,42; CI 95%:2,36-8,29), hypertension (RR=1,99; CI 95%:1,29-3,06) and hypertriglyceride (RR=1,83; CI 95%:1,18-2,83). The proportion of prediabetes and progression T2DM in Central Bogor at 2 years follow up is quite high, increasing with age and influenced by central obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceride. Controlling risk factors and checking blood glucose regularly can prevent T2DM. Need to be supported by posbindu PTM active in the community, work environment and school. Keywords: Prediabetes, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Central Bogor


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Ajabshir ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Fatma Huffman

Abstract Objectives Nutrition plays a critical role in systemic inflammation regulation and the risk of developing inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a non-invasive comprehensive literature-derived tool that evaluates the inflammatory potential of each individual's diet. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between DII and biomarker of inflammation (CRP), DNA/RNA oxidative stress (8OHdG), glycemic control [HbA1c, glycated albumin (GA) and insulin], and blood pressure (BP) among individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D. Methods Sixty-eight participants were recruited by community outreach. DII for each individual was calculated based on the values obtained from the Willett food frequency questionnaire. DII score was categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4) ranged from −5.214 (maximally anti-inflammatory) to +3.999 (maximally pro-inflammatory). CRP, 8OHdG, HbA1c and GA were measured by enzymatic assays. Linear regression analysis was performed to test for the linear trend between DII and CRP, 8-OHdG, HbA1c, GA, insulin, and BP. Results Mean age was 54.94 ± 7.93 with 60.3% of participants being female. Participants in the DII Q4 were less likely to be female and had higher 8OHdG, HbA1c and GA levels. A significant inverse association was observed between DII Q3-Q4 and insulin level (P = 0.006 and P = 0.030, respectively). After adjusting for covariates, the model remained significant for both Q3 and Q4 (P = 0.040 and P = 0.049, respectively). There was a significant association between systolic BP and DII in Q4 (P = 0.029). However, after adjusting the model for the covariates the model lost significance. There was no statistically significant relationship between the overall DII, CRP, 8OHdG, HbA1c and GA. Conclusions A pro-inflammatory diet may be associated with increased risk of hypo-insulinemia and incidence of higher systolic BP among individuals with T2D and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. To our knowledge, this was the first study assessing the relationship between DII, 8-OHdG, HbA1c, GA, insulin, and SBP among individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypovitaminosis D. The results of this study may serve as a basis for future nutrition interventions to improve health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Funding Sources Funding for this research was provided through an NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad hossein Somi ◽  
Zeinab Nikniaz ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Amir Taher Eftekharsadat ◽  
Mohammad Mirzaei ◽  
...  

Abstract Background : The aim of present study was to evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR), dietary inflammatory index (DII), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes in a cohort study in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was a part of the large Azar eye cohort study that included 1378 patients with type 2 diabetes. To diagnose DR, two mydriatric fundus photographs were captured using a digital fundus camera. The DR severity was classified as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MetS was determined on the basis of the ATPIII criteria. DII was calculated according to Shivappa et al. method. Results: Of 1378 diabetic patients, 185 (13.4%) had NPDR and 142 (10.3%) had PDR. The risk of NPDR and PDR increased by 2.65-fold and 2.01-fold, respectively, in patients having blood glucose levels that fell outside the recommended range. There was no statistically significant relationship between Mets, Mets components, and DII in NPDR and PDR. Conclusion: The results suggest that intensive glycemic control, rather than conventional control, may help reduce the progression of DR. It seems that longitudinal studies and clinical trials for evaluating role of DII in DR are necessary.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Hariharan ◽  
Emmanuel Nene Odjidja ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
...  

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James Hébert ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
...  

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2222-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Laouali ◽  
Francesca Romana Mancini ◽  
Mariem Hajji-Louati ◽  
Douae El Fatouhi ◽  
Beverley Balkau ◽  
...  

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