scholarly journals Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins—A Hidden Therapeutic Candidate in Metabolic Disorders with Major Focus in Neurodegeneration

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahat Ullah ◽  
Mehtab Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali Shah ◽  
Kamran Saeed ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Commercial Sources

All over the world, metabolic syndrome constitutes severe health problems. Multiple factors have been reported in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic disorders result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress, playing a vital role in the development and pathogenesis of major health issues, including neurological disorders Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considerable increasing evidence indicates the substantial contribution of ROS-induced oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. An imbalanced metabolism results in a defective antioxidant defense system, free radicals causing inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and tissue damage. Due to the annual increase in financial and social burdens, in addition to the adverse effects associated with available synthetic agents, treatment diversion from synthetic to natural approaches has occurred. Antioxidants are now being considered as convincing therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, medicinal herbs and fruits currently receive substantially more attention as commercial sources of antioxidants. In this review, we argue that ROS-targeted therapeutic interventions with naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid, anthocyanin, and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles might be the ultimate treatment against devastating illnesses. Furthermore, we elucidate the hidden potential of the neuroprotective role of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles in AD and PD neuropathies, which lack sufficient attention compared with other polyphenols, despite their strong antioxidant potential. Moreover, we address the need for future research studies of native anthocyanins and nano-based-anthocyanins, which will be helpful in developing anthocyanin treatments as therapeutic mitochondrial antioxidant drug-like regimens to delay or prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD.

scholarly journals Targeting Mitochondria as Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Sorriento ◽  
Antonietta Valeria Pascale ◽  
Rosa Finelli ◽  
Anna Lisa Carillo ◽  
Roberto Annunziata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

Mitochondria are critical regulator of cell metabolism; thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many metabolic disorders. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation, ROS production, or mtDNA mutations are the main causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathological conditions such as IR/diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Thus, targeting mitochondria has been proposed as therapeutic approach for these conditions, leading to the development of small molecules to be tested in the clinical scenario. Here we discuss therapeutic interventions to treat mitochondrial dysfunction associated with two major metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Finally, novel mechanisms of regulation of mitochondrial function are discussed, which open new scenarios for mitochondria targeting.

Abstract 1125: Mulberry Leaf Ameliorates The Production Of Adipocytokines By Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In White Adipose Tissue In db/db Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sugimoto ◽  
Hidenori Arai ◽  
Yukinori Tamura ◽  
Toshinori Murayama ◽  
Koh Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Tnf Α

Mulberry leaf (ML) is commonly used to feed silkworms. Previous study showed that ML ameliorates atherosclerosis. However, its mechanism is not completely understood. Because dysregulated production of adipocytokines is involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, we examined the effect of ML on the production of adipocytokines and metabolic disorders related to the metabolic syndrome, and compared its effect with that of a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone (Pio). By treating obese diabetic db/db mice with ML, Pio, and their combination, we investigated the mechanism by which they improve metabolic disorders. In this study, db/+m (lean control) and db/db mice were fed a standard diet with or without 3% (w/w) ML and/or 0.01% (w/w) Pio for 12 weeks from 9 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment we found that ML decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride by 32% and 30%, respectively. Interestingly, administration of ML in addition to Pio showed additive effects; further 40% and 30% reduction in glucose and triglyceride compared with Pio treatment, respectively. Moreover, administration of ML in addition to Pio suppressed the body weight increase by Pio treatment and reduced visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio by 20% compared with control db/db mice. Importantly, ML treatment increased expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue (WAT) by 40%, which was only found in db/db mice, not in control db/+m mice. Combination of ML and Pio increased plasma adiponectin concentrations by 25% and its expression in WAT by 17% compared with Pio alone. In contrast, ML decreased expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 by 25% and 20%, respectively, and the addition of Pio resulted in a further decrease of these cytokines by about 45%. To study the mechanism, we examined the role of oxidative stress. ML decreased the amount of lipid peroxides by 43% and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in WAT, which was consistent with the results of TNF-α and MCP-1. Thus our results indicate that ML ameliorates adipocytokine dysregulation by inhibiting oxidative stress in WAT of obese mice, and that ML may have a potential for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome as well as reducing adverse effects of Pio.

Role of medicinal plants against neurodegenerative diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Luthra ◽  
Arpita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Stress

: Diseases with a significant loss of neurons, structurally and functionally are termed as neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the present therapeutic interventions and progressive nature of diseases, a variety of side effects have risen up, thus leading the patients to go for an alternative medication. The role of medicinal plants in such cases has been beneficial because of their exhibition via different cellular and molecular mechanisms. Alleviation in inflammatory responses, suppression of the functionary aspect of pro-inflammatory cytokines like a tumor, improvement in antioxidative properties is among few neuroprotective mechanisms of traditional plants. Variation in transcription and transduction pathways play a vital role in the preventive measures of plants in such diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are generally caused by depletion of proteins, oxidative and inflammatory stress, environmental changes and so on, with aging being the most important cause. Natural compounds can be used in order to treat neurodegenerative diseases Medicinal plants such as Ginseng, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, etc. are some of the medicinal plants for prevention of neurological symptoms. This review deals with the use of different medicinal plants for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Amlodipine enhances amelioration of vascular insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders by candesartan in metabolic syndrome rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Sueta ◽  
Taishi Nakamura ◽  
Yi-Fei Dong ◽  
Keiichiro Kataoka ◽  
Nobutaka Koibuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders

scholarly journals The role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Valentini Francisqueti ◽  
◽  
Lidiana Camargo Talon Chiaverini ◽  
Klinsmann Carolo dos Santos ◽  
Igor Otávio Minatel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Speed Up

Summary Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence around the world. Considering the components used to classify MetS, it is clear that it is closely related to obesity. These two conditions begin with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, which is metabolically more active, containing a greater amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving MetS components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. One way to block the effects of oxidative stress would be through the antioxidant defense system, which offsets the excess free radicals. It is known that individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity have high consumption of fats and sugars originated from processed foods containing high levels of sodium as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables, thus maintaining a state of oxidative stress, that can speed up the onset of MetS. Healthy eating habits could prevent or delay MetS by adding antioxidant-rich foods into the diet.

Chikusetsu saponin V attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SOD signaling pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhi Wan ◽  
Lili Deng ◽  
Changcheng Zhang ◽  
Qin Yuan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Chikusetsu saponin V (CsV), the most abundant member of saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ), has attracted increasing attention for its potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. Our study intended to investigate the antioxidative effects of CsV in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our data showed that CsV attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited ROS accumulation, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential dose-dependently. Further exploration of the mechanisms showed that CsV exhibited these effects through increasing the activation of oxidative-stress-associated factors including Sirt1, PGC-1α, and Mn-SOD. Moreover, CsV inhibited H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax in a dose-dependent manner and, thus, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CsV exhibited neuroprotective effects possibly through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SOD signaling pathways.

The Underlying Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Yaribeygi ◽  
Yunes Panahi ◽  
Behjat Javadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Background: Neurodegeneration is a condition in which progressive loss of function and structure of neurons occurs. Several lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress has a central role in neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: The aim was to survey molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of oxidative stress in developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: Original and review articles were retrieved through a PubMed and Google scholar search (from 1989 to 2015) using the following key words: “oxidative stress”, “nerve degeneration” and “neurodegenerative diseases”. Results: A comprehensive analysis of the obtained articles confirmed strong involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases through a variety of mechanisms including induction of oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, formation of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, amyloid β deposition and plaque formation, apoptosis, cytokine production and inflammatory responses, and proteasome dysfunction. Conclusion: Regarding the pivotal role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, modulation of free radical production or alleviating their harmful effects can be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing and controlling neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly; boosting endogenous antioxidant capacity besides providing exogenous sources of antioxidants merits future research in order to discover new therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Protein Oxidation in Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Hopps ◽  
Gregorio Caimi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Protein Carbonylation ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Purpose: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and in the progression of its complications. Carbonylated proteins are a stable marker of severe oxidative stress because damage to the protein structure is irreversible and may cause an inhibition of their enzymatic activity or an increased susceptibility to proteolysis. There are few data regarding protein oxidation in metabolic syndrome, although elevated levels of carbonyl groups are often detected in subjects with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia, well-known components of the metaboic syndrome. In particular, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus are frequently associated with increased protein carbonylation. A relationship between insulin resistance, protein oxidative stress and inflammation has also been suggested as well as protein oxidation products are correlated with overexpression of resistin, TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusion: Therapeutic interventions based on lifestyle modifications and pharmacological agents in order to correct all the main risk factors influence oxidative stress and protein carbonylation.

scholarly journals The risks of ubiquinone and b-carotene deficiency and metabolic disorders in patients with oral cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Yee Chan ◽  
Bor-Jen Lee ◽  
Po-Sheng Chang ◽  
Han-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Li-Ping Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Negatively Associated

Abstract Background: Cancer development is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation, which may correlate with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant vitamins status and metabolic parameters in patients with oral cancer according to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages.Methods: A total of 194 patients with oral cancer were enrolled in this study. The patients were stratified for four groups according to cancer stages and that the statistics are comparisons across these groups. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (ubiquinone, b-carotene, vitamin A and E), metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, and inflammatory markers were measured.Results: More than half of the subjects had high blood pressure, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia regardless of TNM stage. With regard to antioxidant vitamins status, 46% and 94% of patients had β-carotene and ubiquinone deficiency, respectively. Patients in T3 and T4 stages had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme (catalase, p = 0.03) activity and higher inflammatory markers levels (high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, p < 0.01) than patients in the other stages. In addition, the level of b-carotene was negatively associated with waist circumference, and ubiquinone was positively associated with the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). Higher b-carotene and ubiquinone levels were negatively associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05).Conclusions: A high proportion of patients with oral cancer had ubiquinone or b-carotene deficiency and metabolic disorders. The level of ubiquinone or b-carotene was negatively associated with the risk of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. Since patients with oral cancer suffer from high oxidative stress and inflammation (particularly in the T3 and T4 stages), supplementation with antioxidant vitamins such as ubiquinone or b-carotene could be preferentially applied.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
SR Ghimire ◽  
Y Rai
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Duration Of Illness

Metabolic syndrome (MS), a constellation of interconnected metabolic disorders including obesity (central and abdominal), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias and hypertension is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. The prevalence of MS varies across countries and ethnic groups. There are multiple determinants of MS among patient with schizophrenia, important being age, sex, ethnic group, longer duration of illness, advanced age, and use of antipsychotics. Early detection and management of metabolic abnormalities could prevent associated premature morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia. Future research is needed to identify and explore genetic determinants of MS in schizophrenia which could help to prevent and manage the illness in better way.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.3-11

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