scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance Test and Pharmacokinetic Study of Kaempferia parviflora Extract in Healthy Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Bungorn Sripanidkulchai ◽  
Catheleeya Mekjaruskul ◽  
Rosawan Areemit ◽  
Areewan Cheawchanwattana ◽  
Jiraporn Sithithaworn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora

Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (KP), Krachaidam in Thai or Thai ginseng, is a herbal medicine that has many potential pharmacological effects. The effect of KP extract on blood glucose level in rodent was reported. This study focused on the oral glucose tolerance test and pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers administered with KP extract (90 and 180 mg/day, placebo). The oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baselines and 28-days of administration. The pharmacokinetics were determined after a single dose administration of the tested products using 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF) and 5,7,4′-trimethoxylflavone (TMF) as markers. The results showed that glucose metabolism via oral glucose tolerance test was not affected by KP extract. Blood glucose levels of volunteers at 120 min after glucose loading were able to be returned to initial levels in placebo, KP 90 mg/day, and KP 180 mg/day groups both at baseline and 28-days of administration. The results of the pharmacokinetic study revealed that only TMF and PMF, but not 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) levels could be detected in human blood. The given doses of KP extract at 90 and 180 mg/day showed a linear dose-relationship of blood PMF concentration whereas blood TMF was detected only at high given dose (180 mg/day). The half-lives of PMF and TMF were 2–3 h. The maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve of blood concentration and time (AUC), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) values of PMF and TMF estimated for the 180 mg/day dose were 71.2 ± 11.3, 63.0 ± 18.0 ng/mL; 291.9 ± 48.2, 412.2 ± 203.7 ng∙h/mL; and 4.02 ± 0.37, 6.03 ± 0.96 h, respectively. PMF was quickly eliminated with higher Ke and Cl than TMF at the dose of 180 mg/day of KP extract. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that KP extract had no effect on the glucose tolerance test. In addition, this is the first demonstration of the pharmacokinetic parameters of methoxyflavones of KP extract in healthy volunteers. The data suggest the safety of the KP extract and will be of benefit for further clinical trials using KP extract as food and sport supplements as well as a drug in health product development.

scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance Test and Pharmacokinetic Study of Kaempferia Parviflora Extract in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bungorn Sripanidkulchai ◽  
Catheleeya Mekjaruskul ◽  
Rosawan Areemit ◽  
Areewan Cheawchanwattana ◽  
Jiraporn Sithithaworn
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora

Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (KP), Krachaidam in Thai or Thai ginseng, is an herbal medicine that has many potential pharmacological effects. This study focused on the oral glucose tolerance test and pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers administered with KP extract (90 and 180 mg/day, placebo). The oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baselines and 28-days of administration. The pharmacokinetics were determined after a single dose administration of the tested products using 3,5,7,3,4-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF) and 5,7,4-trimethoxylfavone (TMF) as markers. The results showed that glucose metabolism via oral glucose tolerance test was not affected by KP extract. The results of pharmacokinetics study revealed that only TMF and PMF, but not DMF levels could be detected in human blood. The given doses of KP extract at 90 and 180 mg/day showed a linear dose-relationship of blood PMF concentration whereas blood TMF was detected only at high given dose (180 mg/day). The half-lives of PMF and TMF were 2–3 h. The Cmax, AUC and Tmax values of PMF and TMF estimated for the 180 mg/day dose were 85.3711.31, 73.2329.93 mg/ml; 291.8948.23, 412.20203.69 mg.h/ml; and 3.890.37, 4.500.96 h, respectively. PMF was quickly eliminated with higher Ke and Cl than TMF at the dose of 180 mg/day of KP extract. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that KP extract had no effect on glucose tolerance test. In addition, this is the first demonstration of the pharmacokinetic parameters of methoxyflavones of KP extract in healthy volunteers in a phase I study in drug development. The data suggest the safety of the KP extract and will be of benefit for further clinical trials using KP extract as food and sport supplements as well as a drug in health product development.

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTS MODELING & PATIENT-SIMULATION FOR DIAGNOSIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARMA S. DITTAKAVI ◽  
DHANJOO N. GHISTA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Patient Simulation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term specific complications: retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Automatic neuropathy leads to visceral denervation producing a variety of clinical abnormalities: cardiac and respiratory dysrythaemias, gastrointestinal motility disorders, urinary bladder dysfunction and impotence. Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of blindness; renal failure and limb amputation all over the world. The need to detect diabetic risk factors and treat organ disorders and complications associated with diabetes provides the impetus for us to develop the technology for assessment of diabetes, its etiology and severity, as well as for assessing the efficacy of pharmacological therapy. This paper concerns: (i) modelling of blood-glucose regulation and tolerance-testing, (ii) demonstrating patient-simulation of the blood-glucose regulatory models, by means of which the model parameters can be evaluated and related to physiological parameters, and (iii) elucidating how the glucose-regulatory system model's pole-zero representation and the blood glucose-insulin transfer-function can explain the blood glucose response data in intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. An easy-to-implement simple clinical-application method is developed to simulate the response of the blood-glucose regulatory model in diabetic patients during intravenous glucose tolerance test and to estimate the model parameters, which can then enable differential diagnosis of diabetes and its severity as well as in early detection of risk-to-diabetes. In the oral glucose-tolerance test, the role of the gut is to facilitate transport of glucose across the intestinal wall. The Michaelis-Menten equation, describing this enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate, can be employed to conclude that the intestinal glucose absorption rate into the blood-compartment from the gut during the oral glucose-tolerance test is constant, almost resembling a rectangular pulse Nevertheless, we have formulated a new rate-control model to simulate the oral glucose-tolerance test data, by means of the response-function of a second-order system of a single-compartment (consisting of the gut and the blood-glucose pool), with the oral glucose-bolus as the impulse-input. We have also demonstrated application of this rate-control model to patients undergoing oral glucose-tolerance test, to evaluate the model parameters. By categorizing the ranges of these parameters for normals and diabetics (varying from mild to severe), we can reliably apply this model and procedure clinically.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of impaired glucose tolerance amongst undergraduate medical students

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Kavisha Singh ◽  
Aniruddha A. Malgaonkar ◽  
Dinesh R. Samel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes is an important chronic disease both in terms of prevalence and associated morbidity and early mortality. Mortality rates in diabetics are two- to threefold higher than those without diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is preceded by a period of abnormal glucose homeostasis and hence early diagnosis is important in decreasing this morbidity and mortality. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes.Methods: This cross sectional single observer study was conducted amongst all the undergraduate students and interns of a municipal medical college to assess the point prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and the factors predisposing to the same. After necessary permissions, participants giving written informed consent were interviewed and participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their heights, weights were measured.Results: None of the participants had an increased fasting blood glucose but 30 min, 60 min and 90 min post OGTT blood glucose levels were increased in 9 (11.84%) participants and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose was increased in 15 (19.73%) participants. Increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) shows a positive correlation with fasting (r=0.155) and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose (r=0.042). Increase in weekly junk food servings shows a positive correlation with fasting (r=0.014), 90 min (r=0.004) and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose (r=0.009).Conclusions: Impaired glucose tolerance was present in a substantial number of non-diabetic students and had a correlation with BMI, exercise and junk food intake.

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