scholarly journals Consumption of Dark Green Leafy Vegetables Predicts Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Status among Female Small-Scale Farmers in Tanzania

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stuetz ◽  
Victoria Gowele ◽  
Joyce Kinabo ◽  
Nyamizi Bundala ◽  
Hadijah Mbwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Dark Green

Inadequate consumption of micronutrient-dense foods such as vegetables and meat are an important contributing cause for anemia and deficiencies of iron and vitamin A in rural communities of Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 to examine nutritional and micronutrient status and their associations to the diet of female small-scale farmers in the sub-humid Kilosa (n = 333) and the semi-arid Chamwino (n = 333) districts, in the Morogoro and Dodoma region. An overall higher prevalence of overweight (19.7%) and obesity (7.1%) than of underweight (5.9%) was detected. Significantly more women in the two villages of Kilosa (27–40%) than in the two villages of Chamwino district (19–21%) were overweight/obese, but also more frequently had anemia (34–41% vs. 11–17%), iron deficiency (24–32% vs. 15–17%), and low serum retinol (21–24% vs. 8–9%). Overall, only a small proportion of women reached recommended daily micronutrient intakes: 27% for vitamin A, 17% for iron, 7% for zinc, and 12–38% for B-vitamins. The amount of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV) consumed was the main determinant of vitamin A and iron intake by women in Chamwino and corresponded to higher hemoglobin, serum retinol and iron status than in the villages of the Kilosa district; in agreement, DGLV consumption also predicted iron and vitamin A intake in Kilosa district. DGLV consumed with wholemeal millet was advantageous in terms of women’s vitamin A and iron intake and status over the predominantly maize-rice-based diet lacking vegetables.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Stunting and Anaemia Is Associated with Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies in School Children of Small-Scale Farmers from Chamwino and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Victoria Flavian Gowele ◽  
Joyce Kinabo ◽  
Theresia Jumbe ◽  
Constance Rybak ◽  
Wolfgang Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Dark Green

Inadequate macro- and micronutrient nutrition and its consequences, such as anaemia, iron and vitamin deficiency, and growth retardation, could particularly affect children of small-scale farmers. In the present cross-sectional study, 666 school children aged 5–10 years from villages of Chamwino and Kilosa districts were studied for associations between nutritional and micronutrient status and dietary intake. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight was 28.1, 14.4, and 5%, while that of anaemia and deficiency of iron (ID), vitamin A (VAD), and zinc (ZnD) was 42.9, 29.3, 24.9, and 32.8%, respectively. Dietary recalls (24h) revealed that, except of iron (74%), only small proportions of children reached the recommended daily micronutrient intakes: 4% for zinc, 19% for vitamin A, and 14–46% for B vitamins. Stunting was highly associated with wasting in both districts and with VAD in Chamwino. Anaemia was predicted by ID, VAD, and ZnD in Chamwino and by elevated infection markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1 glycoprotein (AGP), in Kilosa. Overall, elevated CRP and/or AGP increased the risk while higher serum carotenoids indicating a diet of more fruit and vegetables reduced the risk of VAD. The significantly lower prevalence of anaemia and ID in Chamwino was related to higher iron and vitamin A intake and the consumption of mainly bulrush millet with dark green leafy vegetables compared to maize or rice with legumes in Kilosa. Nutrition and hygiene education integrated with home and school garden programmes could reduce the multiple burdens of anaemia; micronutrient deficiencies and infections; and, in the long term, the prevalence of stunting.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity in Cambodian Garment Workers: The Role of Free Lunch Provision

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Makurat ◽  
Eleonore Kretz ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Chhoun Chamnan ◽  
Michael Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The objective of this paper is to compare food consumption by Cambodian garment workers with and without access to a free model lunch provision through a factory-based canteen. Data from an exploratory randomised controlled trial were analysed. In total, 223 female Cambodian garment workers were allocated to an intervention arm (six-month lunch provision) or a control arm. Dietary intake on workdays was assessed by qualitative 24-h recalls at baseline and twice at follow-ups during the period of lunch provision using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guideline on assessing women’s dietary diversity. In total, 158 participants provided complete data on the dietary intake over workdays at all interviews. Lunch provision resulted in a more frequent consumption of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and oils and fats during lunch breaks. In contrast, flesh meats, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as sweets, were eaten at a lower frequency. Except for a higher consumption rate of vitamin A-rich fruits and a lower intake frequency of sweets, lunch provision had a less clear impact on total 24-h intake from different food groups and was not associated with a higher women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS). A more gap-oriented design of the lunch sets taking into account underutilised foods and the nutritional status of the workers is recommended.

scholarly journals Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8967) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S de Pee ◽  
C.E West ◽  
J.G.A.J Hautvast ◽  
Muhilal ◽  
D Karyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Dark Green

scholarly journals Vitamin A status and dark green leafy vegetables

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8990) ◽  
pp. 1634-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodini Reddy ◽  
BarbaraA Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Dark Green

Anaemia, iron status and vitamin A deficiency among adolescent refugees in Kenya and Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A Woodruff ◽  
Heidi Michels Blanck ◽  
Laurence Slutsker ◽  
Susan T Cookson ◽  
Mary Kay Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Adolescent Refugees

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin < 11.0 to 13.0 g dl−1depending on age and sex group), iron deficiency (transferrin receptor concentration > 8.3 μg ml−1) and vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol < 0.7 μmoll−1) in adolescent refugees.DesignCross-sectional surveys.SettingKakuma refugee camp in Kenya and seven refugee camps in Nepal.SubjectsAdolescent refugee residents in these camps.ResultsAnaemia was present in 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42–51) of adolescents in Kenya and in 24% (95% CI: 20–28) of adolescents in Nepal. The sensitivity of palmar pallor in detecting anaemia was 21%. In addition, 43% (95% CI: 36–50) and 53% (95% CI: 46–61) of adolescents in Kenya and Nepal, respectively, had iron deficiency. In both surveys, anaemia occurred more commonly among adolescents with iron deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was found in 15% (95% CI: 10–20) of adolescents in Kenya and 30% (95% CI: 24–37) of adolescents in Nepal. Night blindness was not more common in adolescents with vitamin A deficiency than in those without vitamin A deficiency. In Kenya, one of the seven adolescents with Bitot's spots had vitamin A deficiency.ConclusionsAnaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are common among adolescents in refugee populations. Such adolescents need to increase intakes of these nutrients; however, the lack of routine access makes programmes targeting adolescents difficult. Adolescent refugees should be considered for assessment along with other at-risk groups in displaced populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Gaps, and Development of Food-Based Recommendations, among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Zinder, Niger: An Optifood Linear Programming Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ryan Wessells ◽  
Rebecca R. Young ◽  
Elaine L. Ferguson ◽  
Césaire T. Ouédraogo ◽  
M. Thierno Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dark Green

Pregnant and lactating women in rural Niger are at high risk for inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. Thus, 24 h dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed for dietary intakes in this population (n = 202). Using linear programming analyses, micronutrient gaps in women’s diets were identified, food-based recommendations (FBR) to improve dietary micronutrient adequacy were developed, and various supplementation strategies were modelled. Energy intakes were below estimated requirements, and, for most micronutrients, >50% of women were at risk of inadequate intakes. Linear programming analyses indicated it would be difficult to select a diet that achieved recommended dietary allowances for all but three (vitamin B6, iron and zinc) of 11 modeled micronutrients. Consumption of one additional meal per day, and adherence to the selected FBR (daily consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, fermented milk, millet, pulses, and vitamin A fortified oil), would result in a low percentage of women at risk of inadequate intakes for eight modeled micronutrients (vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, folate, iron, zinc, and calcium). Because the promotion of realistic FBRs likely will not ensure that a low percentage of women are at risk of inadequate intakes for all modeled micronutrients, multiple micronutrient supplementation or provision of nutrient-dense foods should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Konsumsi sayuran hijau dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Dessy Hermawan ◽  
Zaenal Abidin ◽  
Dwi Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Maternal Anemia ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dark Green

Consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables and maternal anemia during pregnancyBackground: The data base of the statistical bureau agency in Indonesia, the prevalence of maternal anemia during pregnancy is still relatively high and tends to increase where in 2013 in urban areas amounted to 36.4%, in rural areas 37.8% so that the average 37.1%. in 2018 it has increased significantly to an average of 48.9%. The incidence of maternal anemia during pregnancy in 12  public health centre (Puskesmas)  in North Lampung  was found a public health centre (Puskesmas)  that was classified as still high in Semuli Raya public health centre (Puskesmas) (33.6%).Purpose: Knowing of consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables and maternal anemia during pregnancyMethod: A quantitative study with an analytical survey using the cross sectional study. The samples were 60 respondents and  analysis of statistical tests used the chi-square test.Results: The consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables in 60 respondents, 29 respondents (48.3%) consumes vegetables every day, and 31 respondents (51.7%) has seldom  consumes. Hemoglobin status in 60 respondents, 28 respondents ( 46.7%) had normal range of haemoglobin  and 32 respondents (53.3%) had lower of  haemoglobin . Statistical test results using chi square obtained p-value of 0.000.Conclusion: There was correlation of consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables in prevention of maternal anemia during pregnancy.Keywords: Consumption; Dark green, Leafy vegetables; Maternal anemia; During pregnancyPendahuluan: Data dari badan pusat statistik di Indonesia, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil tergolong masih tinggi dan cenderung meningkat dimana di tahun 2013 di perkotaan sebesar 36.4 %, di perdesaan 37.8% sehingga rerata 37.1%. di tahun 2018 telah naik secara signifikan menjadi rerata 48.9%. Kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di 12 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Lampung Utara didapatkan ada puskesmas yang  tergolong masih tinggi di Puskesmas Semuli Raya (33.6%).Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan konsumsi sayuran hijau dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan survey analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah  sampel sebanyak 60 orang dan analisis uji statistik menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil : Konsumsi makanan sayuran hijau pada 60 responden sebanyak 29 responden (48,3%) mengkonsumsi sayuran hijau setiap hari, dan sebanyak 31 responden (51,7%) jarang mengkonsumsi sayuran hijau setiap hari. Status hemoglobin pada 60 responden sebanyak 28 responden (46,7%) memiliki hb normal, dan sebanyak 32 responden (53,3%) memiliki hb rendah. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan chi square didapat nilai p-value 0.000 < 0,05.Simpulan : Ada hubungan konsumsi sayuran hijau dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. 

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