scholarly journals Consumption Patterns of Grain-Based Foods among Adults in Canada: Evidence from Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed H Hosseini ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Patil Rashmi ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Community Health Survey

In this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 data to examine the consumption patterns of grain-based foods (GBFs) for Canadian adults. We used a k-mean cluster analysis based on the contribution of 21 grain-based foods to total energy intake of adults in Canada to find the dietary patterns of GBFs. Cluster analyses rendered seven dietary patterns including: ‘other bread’, ‘cake and cookies’, ‘pasta’, ‘rice’, ‘mixed’, ‘white bread’, and finally ‘whole wheat and whole-grain bread’. ‘No grain’ and ‘rice’ consumers had lower intakes of dietary fibre, folate, iron and calcium, which are the nutrients of public health concern in Canada. Adults consuming a ‘mixed grain’ dietary pattern had a greater daily intake of calcium, potassium, magnesium, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 than those in the ‘no grain’ dietary pattern. We also observed that a considerable proportion of individuals clustered in the ‘rice’ group are immigrants and belong to households with lower income levels.

Determinants of food insecurity among elderly people: findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Moses Mosonsieyiri Kansanga ◽  
Yujiro Sano ◽  
Isaac Bayor ◽  
Joseph Asumah Braimah ◽  
Abraham Marshall Nunbogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Food insecurity among elderly people is a major public health concern due to its association with several health conditions. Despite growing research and implementation of diverse income-based policy measures, food insecurity among elderly people remains a major policy issue in Canada. Additional research could inform food policy beyond strategies that target improving the financial resources of elderly people. Drawing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 24,930), we explored the correlates of food insecurity among older adults using negative log-log logistic regression techniques. Our findings show that certain categories of elderly people are more prone to food insecurity. These segments include seniors who are visible minorities (OR = 1.29, p < 0.01), live alone (OR = 1.13, p < 0.05), have a very weak sense of community belonging (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), in poor physical health (OR = 1.20, p < 0.01), and those in lower age and income categories. These findings corroborate previous studies that demonstrate that food insecurity among elderly people is a complex phenomenon influenced by diverse socio-economic factors. In Canada, food security policies targeted at elderly people have largely prioritised poverty alleviation through income support programmes. While these programmes can improve the purchasing power of elderly people, they may not be sufficient in ensuring food security. There is a need to embrace and further investigate an integrated approach that pays attention to other contextual socio-economic dynamics.

scholarly journals Using partial least squares to identify a dietary pattern associated with obesity in a nationally-representative sample of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition 2015

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255415
Author(s):  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Mahsa Jessri ◽  
Mary R. L’Abbe
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background Hybrid methods of dietary patterns analysis have emerged as a unique and informative way to study diet-disease relationships in nutritional epidemiology research. Objective To identify an obesogenic dietary pattern using weighted partial least squares (wPLS) in nationally representative Canadian survey data, and to identify key foods and/or beverages associated with the defined dietary pattern. Design Data from one 24-hr dietary recall data from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 (n = 12,049) were used. wPLS was used to identify an obesogenic dietary pattern from 40 standardized food and beverage categories using the variables energy density, fibre density, and total fat as outcomes. The association between the derived dietary pattern and likelihood of obesity was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression. Key dietary components highly associated with the derived pattern were identified. Results Compared to quartile one (i.e. those least adherent to an obesogenic dietary pattern), those in quartile four had 2.40-fold increased odds of being obese (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.91, 3.02, P-trend< 0.0001) with a monotonically increasing trend. Using a factor loading significance cut-off of ≥|0.17|, three food/beverage categories loaded positively for the derived obesogenic dietary pattern: fast food (+0.32), carbonated drinks (including energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin water) (+0.30), and salty snacks (+0.19). Seven categories loaded negatively (i.e. in the protective direction): whole fruits (-0.40), orange vegetables (-0.32), “other” vegetables (-0.32), whole grains (-0.26), dark green vegetables (-0.22), legumes and soy (-0.18) and pasta and rice (-0.17). Conclusion This is the first study to apply weighted partial least squares to CCHS 2015 data to derive a dietary pattern associated with obesity. The results from this study pinpoint key dietary components that are associated with obesity and consumed among a nationally representative sample of Canadians adults.

scholarly journals Changes in the Dietary Patterns of Canadian Adults and Likelihood of Obesity: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition, Cycles 2004 and 2015 (P18-035-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Mahsa Jessri ◽  
Mary L'Abbe
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
National Level ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Healthy dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of non-communicable diseases. The relationship between healthy dietary patterns and obesity has not been examined over time at the national level in Canada. The objective of this research was to adopt three diet quality indexes: the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015 Adherence Index (DGAI), and a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index to nationally-representative survey data to examine the relationship between these dietary patterns and obesity Methods Index scores were computed for adults (≥18 years) using 24-hr dietary recall data from two cross-sectional samples of the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition [CCHS; 2004 (n = 11,748) and 2015 (n = 12,110)]. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intake. The association between index scores and likelihood of obesity was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity and smoking status. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported at the midpoint of each quintile with the 90th percentile as reference. Results In CCHS 2004, estimated mean MSDPS, DASH and DGAI scores were 12.43 ± 0.14 out of 100, 44.18 ± 0.29 out of 90 and 8.82 ± 0.05 out of 19; in CCHS 2015, scores were 13.9 ± 0.13 out of 100, 44.99 ± 0.25 out of 90 and 8.99 ± 0.04 out of 19 respectively. Low scores for all indexes was associated with a greater likelihood of being obese in CCHS 2004 (OR 10th vs. 90th percentile for DGAI: 3.01, CI: 1.98–4.57; DASH: 2.23, CI: 1.50–3.32; MSDPS: 2.02, CI: 1.14–3.58). Similar results were observed in CCHS 2015, however results for MSDPS were not significant (OR 10th vs. 90th percentile for DGAI: 2.73, CI: 1.85–4.03; DASH: 2.45, CI: 1.72–3.49; MSDPS: 1.30, CI: 0.82–2.06). Conclusions This research is the first to examine changes in the dietary patterns of Canadians using multiple cycles of national health survey data. Our findings suggest that DASH and Dietary Guidelines for Americans-type dietary patterns may be favourable interventions for the prevention of obesity among Canadian adults, however more research is required. Funding Sources Supported by grants from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Innovation in Regulatory Science Award and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

scholarly journals Consumption Patterns of Grain-Based Foods among Children and Adolescents in Canada: Evidence from Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hosseini ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Naorin Isalm ◽  
Patil Rashmi ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Grain Products

The current analyses used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015 to investigate grain-based food (GBF) dietary patterns of consumptions among 6,400,000 Canadian children and adolescents 2 to 18 years old. Nutrient intakes, socioeconomic differences, body mass index (BMI) z-scores, and intakes of several food groups were examined across the identified grain patterns of consumption. We employed k-mean cluster analysis to identify the consumption patterns of grain products. Based on the contributions of 21 grain food groups to the total energy intake of each individual, seven GBF consumption patterns were identified including other bread; salty snacks; pasta; rice; cakes and cookies; white bread; and mixed grains. Individuals having less than one serving of grain products were also separately categorized as no-grain consumers. Mean energy intake (kcal/day) was lowest for the “no-grain” consumers and greatest in children/adolescents consuming a “salty snacks” pattern when all GBF patterns were compared. Children and adolescents with “no-grain” and “rice” GBF consumption patterns had significantly lower intakes of several nutrients including dietary fiber, folate, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin. No associations were observed with any of the identified GBF patterns and BMI z-scores. In addition, the socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as household incomes and immigration status of participants were shown to be significantly different across the identified clusters.

scholarly journals Gambling and Problem Gambling in Canada in 2018: Prevalence and Changes Since 2002: Le Jeu et le Jeu Problématique au Canada en 2018 : Prévalence et Changements Depuis 2002

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372098008
Author(s):  
Robert J. Williams ◽  
Carrie A. Leonard ◽  
Yale D. Belanger ◽  
Darren R. Christensen ◽  
Nady el-Guebaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Type Of Gambling ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machine

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an updated profile of gambling and problem gambling in Canada and to examine how the rates and pattern of participation compare to 2002. Method: An assessment of gambling and problem gambling was included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey and administered to 24,982 individuals aged 15 and older. The present analyses selected for adults (18+). Results: A total of 66.2% of people reported engaging in some type of gambling in 2018, primarily lottery and/or raffle tickets, the only type in which the majority of Canadians participate. There are some significant interprovincial differences, with perhaps the most important one being the higher rate of electronic gambling machine (EGM) participation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The overall pattern of gambling in 2018 is very similar to 2002, although participation is generally much lower in 2018, particularly for EGMs and bingo. Only 0.6% of the population were identified as problem gamblers in 2018, with an additional 2.7% being at-risk gamblers. There is no significant interprovincial variation in problem gambling rates. The interprovincial pattern of problem gambling in 2018 is also very similar to what was found in 2002 with the main difference being a 45% decrease in the overall prevalence of problem gambling. Conclusions: Gambling and problem gambling have both decreased in Canada from 2002 to 2018 although the provincial patterns are quite similar between the 2 time periods. Several mechanisms have likely collectively contributed to these declines. Decreases have also been reported in several other Western countries in recent years and have occurred despite the expansion of legal gambling opportunities, suggesting a degree of inoculation or adaptation in the population.

scholarly journals Body mass index among immigrant and non-immigrant youth: Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e239-e244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Wahi ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
Katherine M. Morrison ◽  
Katholiki Georgiades
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Health Survey

scholarly journals Smoking during Pregnancy: Findings from the 2009–2010 Canadian Community Health Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e84640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cui ◽  
Shahin Shooshtari ◽  
Evelyn L. Forget ◽  
Ian Clara ◽  
Kwong F. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Community Health Survey
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