scholarly journals γ-Oryzanol Improves Cognitive Function and Modulates Hippocampal Proteome in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiramon Rungratanawanich ◽  
Giovanna Cenini ◽  
Andrea Mastinu ◽  
Marc Sylvester ◽  
Anne Wilkening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the richest source of γ-oryzanol, a compound endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. γ-Oryzanol has been demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier in intact form and exert beneficial effects on brain function. This study aimed to clarify the effects of γ-oryzanol in the hippocampus in terms of cognitive function and protein expression. Adult mice were administered with γ-oryzanol 100 mg/kg or vehicle (control) once a day for 21 consecutive days following which cognitive behavior and hippocampal proteome were investigated. Cognitive tests using novel object recognition and Y-maze showed that long-term consumption of γ-oryzanol improves cognitive function in mice. To investigate the hippocampal proteome modulated by γ-oryzanol, 2D-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was performed. Interestingly, we found that γ-oryzanol modulates quantitative changes of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal trafficking, neuroprotection and antioxidant activity, and mitochondria and energy metabolism. These findings suggested γ-oryzanol as a natural compound able to maintain and reinforce brain function. Although more intensive studies are needed, we propose γ-oryzanol as a putative dietary phytochemical for preserving brain reserve, the ability to tolerate age-related changes, thereby preventing clinical symptoms or signs of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristovam Picanço-Diniz ◽  
Thais Cristina Galdino De Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Cabral Soares ◽  
Liliane Dias E Dias De Macedo ◽  
Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanco Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Microvascular Plasticity from Birth to Death

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roa Harb ◽  
Christina Whiteus ◽  
Catarina Freitas ◽  
Jaime Grutzendler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vascular Stability

Cerebral function and viability are critically dependent on efficient delivery of oxygen and glucose through the microvasculature. Here, we studied individual microvessels in the intact brain using high-resolution confocal imaging and long-term time-lapse two-photon microscopy across the lifetime of a mouse. In the first postnatal month, we found large-scale sprouting but to our surprise the majority of sprouts underwent pruning and only a small fraction became perfused capillaries. After the first month, microvessel formation and elimination decreased and the net number of vessels stabilized. Although vascular stability was the hallmark of the adult brain, some vessel formation and elimination continued throughout life. In young adult mice, vessel formation was markedly increased after exposure to hypoxia; however, upon return to normoxia, no vessel elimination was observed, suggesting that new vessels constitute a long-term adaptive response to metabolic challenges. This plasticity was markedly reduced in older adults and aging where hypoxia-induced angiogenesis was absent. Our study describes, for the first time in vivo patterns of cerebral microvascular remodeling throughout life. Disruption of the observed balance between baseline turnover and vascular stability may underlie a variety of developmental and age-related degenerative neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Transient induction of cell cycle promoter Fam64a improves cardiac function through regulating Klf15-dependent cardiomyocyte differentiation in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hashimoto ◽  
Aya Kodama ◽  
Momoko Ohira ◽  
Misaki Kimoto ◽  
Reiko Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Differentiation ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Calcium Dysregulation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Age Related

The introduction of fetal or neonatal signatures such as cell cycle promoting genes into damaged adult hearts has been vigorously pursued as a promising strategy for stimulating proliferation and regeneration of adult cardiomyocytes, which normally cannot divide. However, cell division of cardiomyocytes requires preceding dedifferentiation with sarcomere disassembly and calcium dysregulation, which, in principle, compromises contractile function. To overcome this intrinsic dilemma, we explored the feasibility of optimizing the induction protocol of the cell cycle promoter in mice. As a model of this approach, we used Fam64a, a fetal-specific cardiomyocyte cell cycle promoter that we have recently identified. We first analyzed transgenic mice maintaining long-term cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Fam64a after birth, when endogenous expression was abolished. Despite having an enhanced proliferation of postnatal cardiomyocytes, these mice showed age-related cardiac dysfunction characterized by sustained cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, which was reminiscent of the dilemma. Mechanistically, Fam64a inhibited glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of Klf15, a key regulator that drives cardiomyocyte differentiation, thereby directing cardiomyocytes toward immature undifferentiated states. In contrast, transient induction of Fam64a in cryoinjured wildtype adult mice hearts improved functional recovery with augmented cell cycle activation of cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that optimizing the intensity and duration of the stimulant to avoid excessive cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation could pave the way toward developing efficient strategy for successful heart regeneration.

scholarly journals Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Jane Jie Yu ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Related

Background: Cognitive decline and balance impairment are prevalent in the aging population. Previous studies investigated the beneficial effects of 24-style Tai Chi (TC-24) on either cognitive function or balance performance of older adults. It still remains largely unknown whether modified Chen-style TC (MTC) that includes 18 complex movements is more beneficial for these age-related health outcomes, as compared to TC-24. Objective: We investigated if MTC would show greater effects than TC-24 on global cognitive function and balance-related outcomes among older adults. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial where 80 eligible adults aged over 55 were allocated into two different styles of Tai Chi (TC) arms (sixty-minute session × three times per week, 12 weeks). Outcome assessments were performed at three time periods (baseline, Week 6, and Week 12) and included the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for overall cognitive function, One-leg Standing Test (LST) for static balance, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for dynamic balance, chair Stand Test (CST) for leg power, and the six-meter Walk Test (6MWT) for aerobic exercise capacity. Results: Compared to TC-24 arm, MTC arm demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MoCA, LST, TUGT, CST, and 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both forms of TC were effective in enhancing global cognitive function, balance, and fitness. Furthermore, MTC was more effective than TC-24 in enhancing these health-related parameters in an aging population.

Abstract TP118: Activation of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Improved Long-Term Cognitive Function of Mice With Long-Bone Fracture and Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Hou ◽  
Meng Wei ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Zhanqiang Wang ◽  
Sonali Shaligram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Y Maze

Introduction: Tibia fracture (BF) enhances stroke injury and when occurring 6 hrs before stroke (BF6+Stroke) causes long-lasting cognitive dysfunction in mouse. Activation of α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7 nAchR) reduced neuroinflammation, neuronal injury and sensorimotor dysfunction in mice with BF one day after stroke (Stroke+1BF). Hypothesis: Activation of α-7 nAchR improves long-term cognitive function of BF6+Stroke mice. Methods: BF6+Stroke mice were randomly assigned to saline, PHA-568487 (α-7 nAchR agonist) and MLA (α-7 nAchR antagonist) treatment groups. The sensorimotor function were tested by adhesive removal and corner tests at 3 days, the cognitive function was tested by Y-maze weekly for 8 weeks and Novel Objective Recognition (NOR) at 8 weeks post-injuries. The neuronal damage, neuroinflammaiton, neurogenesis were analyzed 3 and/or 8 weeks post-injuries. Results: Similar to Stroke+1BF mice, PHA reduced and MLA enhanced neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, and sensorimotor dysfunction of BF6+Stroke mice. Further, PHA reduced and MLA enhanced their long-term cognitive dysfunction. In Y maze test, all mice made fewer alternations 1-week post-surgeries than baseline; PHA group recovered to baseline at week 5 post-surgeries; saline and MLA groups continuously made fewer alternations throughout the 8-weeks. In NOR test, PHA group spent more time, MLA group spent less time than saline group on novel objects. Injection of BrdU in the 2 nd week post-surgeries labeled more neurons in the contralateral than in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus in all groups; PHA group had the most, MLA group had the least BrdU + neurons. Injection BrdU in the 7th week post-surgeries did not labeled any neuron. Conclusion: Activation of α-7 nAchR decreased neuronal damage and neuroinflammation, increased neurogenesis at the dentate gyrus of BF6+Stroke mice; and improved their sensorimotor and long-term cognitive function.

scholarly journals Reversing age-associated arterial dysfunction: insight from preclinical models

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1860-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswara R. Gogulamudi ◽  
Jinjin Cai ◽  
Lisa A. Lesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of death in the United States, and advancing age is a primary risk factor. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and increased stiffening of the arteries with aging are independent predictors of CVD. Increased tissue and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this age-associated arterial dysfunction. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most powerful intervention known to increase life span and improve age-related phenotypes, including arterial dysfunction. However, the translatability of long-term CR to clinical populations is limited, stimulating interest in the pursuit of pharmacological CR mimetics to reproduce the beneficial effects of CR. The energy-sensing pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMPK, and sirtuin-1 have all been implicated in the beneficial effects of CR on longevity and/or physiological function and, as such, have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention as CR mimetics. Although manipulation of each of these pathways has CR-like benefits on arterial function, the magnitude and/or mechanisms can be disparate from that of CR. Nevertheless, targeting these pathways in older individuals may provide some benefits against arterial dysfunction and CVD. The goal of this review is to provide a brief discussion of the mechanisms and pathways underlying age-associated dysfunction in large arteries, explain how these are impacted by CR, and to present the available evidence, suggesting that targets for energy-sensing pathways may act as vascular CR mimetics.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Kévin Nay ◽  
William J. Smiles ◽  
Jacqueline Kaiser ◽  
Luke M. McAloon ◽  
Kim Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.

scholarly journals Eip74EF is a dominant modifier for ALS-FTD linked mutant VCP phenotypes in Drosophila, but not miR-34

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine R. Chalmers ◽  
JiHye Kim ◽  
Nam Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractIn 2012 Liu et al. reported that miR-34 is an age-related miRNA regulating age-associated events and long-term brain integrity in Drosophila. They demonstrated that modulating miR-34 and its downstream target Eip74EF showed beneficial effects on age-related diseases using a Drosophila model of SCA3trQ78. These results imply that miR-34 could be a general genetic modifier and therapeutic candidate for age-related diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of miR-34 and Eip74EF on another age-related Drosophila disease model. Using a Drosophila model expressing mutant Drosophila VCP that causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), we demonstrated that abnormal eye phenotypes generated by Drosophila VCP R152H were rescued when expressed with Eip74EF siRNA. Contrary to our expectation, miR-34 overexpression resulted in lethality when expressed with mutant VCP. Our data indicate that the other downstream targets of miR-34 might more significantly interact with mutant VCP, causing lethality. Identifying transcriptional targets of Eip74EF might provide valuable insights into diseases caused by mutations in VCP such as ALS, FTD, and MSP.

scholarly journals Management of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Eray YILDIZ ◽  
Şevket ARSLAN ◽  
Fatih ÇÖLKESEN ◽  
Filiz Sadi AYKAN ◽  
Recep EVCEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kallikrein Kinin System

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical course and treatment outcomes of patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) after infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with HAE were included in this study. These patients were regularly followed up over phone calls since the first COVID-19 case was seen in our country. Patients were asked to visit the hospital if there was a history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient or if the patient developed clinical symptoms of COVID-19.Results: There were 21 (54%) patients with type I HAE, and 18 (46%) with type II HAE. All patients received treatment for angioedema attacks (C1-inhibitor [C1-INH], icatibant), and seven (20%) received long-term prophylaxis (danazol). Treatment for attacks was continued for all patients during the pandemic. Patients taking danazol were switched to long-term prophylaxis using the C1-INH concentrate. Eleven (28%) patients with HAE developed COVID-19 during this study. Only one patient had severe COVID-19. Six patients (54.5%) were diagnosed with type II HAE, and five (45.5%) were diagnosed with type I HAE. The most common COVID-19 symptoms were fever (7/11; 64%) and myalgia (6/11; 55%). Mild angioedema attacks were experienced by 36% (4/11) of the HAE patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Icatibant was used in all patients.Conclusion: Agents used for HAE block the kallikrein-kinin system and may be useful in the treatment of COVID-19. Considering their beneficial effects on COVID-19, it is recommended that HAE patients should continue the use of agents blocking the kallikrein-kinin system. Keywords: COVID-19, hereditary angioedema, kallikrein-kinin system, bradykinin, C1-INH

scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols as Modulators of Brain Functions: Biological Actions and Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Their Beneficial Effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vauzour
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
Protective Signaling

Accumulating evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle can play an important role in delaying the onset or halting the progression of age-related health disorders and to improve cognitive function. In particular, polyphenols have been reported to exert their neuroprotective actions through the potential to protect neurons against injury induced by neurotoxins, an ability to suppress neuroinflammation, and the potential to promote memory, learning, and cognitive function. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biology of polyphenols, they are still mistakenly regarded as simply acting as antioxidants. However, recent evidence suggests that their beneficial effects involve decreases in oxidative/inflammatory stress signaling, increases in protective signaling and neurohormetic effects leading to the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, phase-2 enzymes, neurotrophic factors, and cytoprotective proteins. Specific examples of such pathways include the sirtuin-FoxO pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the Nrf-2/ARE pathway. Together, these processes act to maintain brain homeostasis and play important roles in neuronal stress adaptation and thus polyphenols have the potential to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies.

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