scholarly journals Food Insecurity Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Africa: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are no studies on the association between food insecurity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in South Africa (2007–2008) were analyzed to assess this association. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 3,672 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age 61.4 (18.3); 56% females]. The prevalence of MCI was 8.5%, while 11.0% and 20.8% experienced moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 2.82 (95%CI = 1.65–4.84) and 2.51 (95%CI = 1.63–3.87) times higher odds for MCI compared with no food insecurity, respectively. The OR for those aged ≥65 years with severe food insecurity was particularly high (OR = 3.87; 95%CI = 2.20–6.81). In conclusion, food insecurity was strongly associated with MCI among South African older adults. Future longitudinal research is required to assess whether addressing food insecurity may reduce risk of MCI and subsequent dementia.

scholarly journals Correlates of sedentary behavior in middle-aged and old age people with mild cognitive impairment: a multinational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Elvira Lara ◽  
Mathieu Vandenbulcke ◽  
Nathalie Swinnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTObjective:Despite the benefits of being active for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on cognition and the acknowledgement that MCI is a critical period for intervening to prevent dementia, little is known about the actual sedentary levels in people with MCI. This study investigates correlates of sedentary behavior (SB) in people with MCI.Design:This was a cross-sectional study.Setting:Data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed.Participants:Individuals aged ≥50 years with MCI were included.Measurements:SB was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Associations between SB levels and the correlates were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regressions.Results:4,082 individuals aged ≥50 years with MCI (64.4 ± 17.0 years; 55.1% female) were included. The prevalence of high SB (i.e., ≥8 hours/day) was 14.0% (95%CI = 12.2%–16.0%), while the time spent sedentary was 262 ± 290 minutes/day. Correlates significantly associated with being sedentary ≥8 hours/day and time spent sedentary per day were, older age, being unemployed, depression, sleep problems, obesity (vs. normal weight), diabetes, stroke, poor self-rated health, and lower levels of social cohesion.Conclusions:Future research exploring interventions to reduce SB in people with MCI should target the identified sociodemographic and mental and physical health correlates, while the promotion of social cohesion may have the potential to increase the efficacy of future public health initiatives.

scholarly journals Active Travel and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Active travel may be an easily achievable form of physical activity for older people especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are currently no studies on how this form of physical activity is associated with a preclinical state of dementia known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between active travel and MCI among adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Active travel (minutes/week) was assessed with questions of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and presented in tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between active travel and MCI. Data on 32715 people aged ≥ 50 years (mean age 62.4 years; 52.1% females) were analyzed. Compared to the highest tertile of active travel, the lowest tertile was associated with 1.33 (95%CI = 1.14–1.54) times higher odds for MCI overall. This association was particularly pronounced among those aged ≥65 years (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.32–2.19) but active travel was not associated with MCI among those aged 50–64 years. In conclusion, low levels of active travel were associated with a significantly higher odds of MCI in adults aged ≥65 years in LMICs. Promoting active travel among people of this age group in LMICs via tailored interventions and/or country-wide infrastructure investment to provide a safe environment for active travel may lead to a reduction in MCI and subsequent dementia.

scholarly journals Identifying the Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Song ◽  
Doris S.F. Yu ◽  
Polly W.C. Li ◽  
Qiuhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

High-level depressive symptoms have been reported in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), resulting in increased risk of progression to dementia. However, studies investigating the correlates of depressive symptoms among this population are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the significant socio-demographic, lifestyle-related and disease-related correlates of depressive symptoms among this cohort. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 154 Chinese community-dwelling older adults with MCI. MCI subjects were screened by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Possible correlates of depressive symptoms in individuals with MCI were explored by multiple linear regressions. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults with MCI was 31.8%. In multiple regression analysis, poor perceived positive social interaction, small social network, low level of physical activity, poor functional status, subjective memory complaint, and poor health perception were correlated with depressive symptoms. The findings highlight that depressive symptoms are sufficient to warrant evaluation and management in older adults with MCI. Addressing social isolation, assisting this vulnerable group in functional and physical activities, and cultivating a positive perception towards cognitive and physical health are highly prioritized treatment targets among individuals with MCI.

scholarly journals Diversity in the Factors Associated with ADL-Related Disability among Older People in Six Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Country Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Septi Kurnia Lestari ◽  
Nawi Ng ◽  
Paul Kowal ◽  
Ailiana Santosa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adl Disability

The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing rapid population ageing, yet knowledge about disability among older populations in these countries is scarce. This study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with disability among people aged 50 years and over in six LMICs. Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 1 (2007–2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa was used. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living (ADL) disability. The prevalence of disability among older adults ranged from 16.2% in China to 55.7% in India. Older age, multimorbidity, and depression were the most common factors related to disability in all six countries. Gender was significant in China (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29), Ghana (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48) and India (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.37–1.99). Having no access to social capital was significantly associated with ADL disability in China (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.54–4.31) and South Africa (OR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.79–9.43). Prevalence data is valuable in these six ageing countries, with important evidence on mitigating factors for each. Identifying determinants associated with ADL disability among older people in LMICs can inform how to best implement health prevention programmes considering different country-specific factors.

A path to early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: validity and reliability of the myMemCheck® self-administered screening tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
William E Mansbach ◽  
Ryan A Mace ◽  
Melissa A Tanner ◽  
Steven P Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Barriers to the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia can delay diagnosis and treatment. myMemCheck® was developed as a rapid free cognitive self-assessment tool that can be completed at home to identify older adults that would benefit from a more comprehensive cognitive evaluation. Objective Two prospective cross-sectional studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties and clinical utility of myMemCheck®. Methods In Study 1, participants were independent living residents referred to an outpatient memory clinic (N = 59); older adults in the community and post-acute nursing home residents (N = 357) comprised Study 2. Results Psychometric analyses were performed on cognitive and psychological testing data, including myMemCheck®. myMemCheck® evidenced adequate reliability and strong construct validity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis evidenced an optional myMemCheck® cut score for identifying older adults at risk for MCI or dementia. myMemCheck® explained 25% of cognitive status beyond basic patient information. Conclusions myMemCheck® may help fast-track the diagnostic process, facilitate appropriate referrals for cognitive and neuropsychological evaluation, reduce assessment burden in health care and prevent negative outcomes associated with undetected cognitive impairment.

Preferences for end-of-life treatment: concordance between older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and their spouses

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1798-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon ◽  
Yaacov G. Bachner ◽  
Tzvi Dwolatzky ◽  
Jeremia Heinik
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Moderate Agreement ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Advance Care

ABSTRACTBackground: There is considerable debate about the ability of proxies to adequately reflect patients' preferences regarding end-of-life care, when patients are no longer capable of stating their preferences. This study evaluated concordance in end-of-life preferences between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and their spouses.Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 106 respondents (53 couples) was recruited in two psychogeriatric clinics. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the degree of agreement between the patients' preferences and those of their spouses.Results: Patients were more likely to opt for more treatment than their spouses. Moderate agreement between patients and spouses was evident for preferences regarding end-of-life decisions for the patients. There was little concordance between the wishes of spouses regarding their own preferences and what they wanted for the patient or what the patient wanted. When incorrectly predicting patients' preferences, spouses were more likely to ask for treatment.Conclusions: Our results show that regarding end-of-life preferences for patients, there is moderate agreement between patients and their spouses, but limited evidence for projection of spouses’ preferences on patients (i.e. spouse making a prediction based on own wishes). Potential differences in end-of-life preferences between older adults with MCI or mild dementia and their caregivers should be taken into consideration in the preparation of advance care planning.

Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Crocco ◽  
Rosie Curiel Cid ◽  
Marcela Kitaigorodsky ◽  
Gabriella A. Grau ◽  
Jessica M. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Stress ◽  
Intrusion Errors

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), intrusion errors on subscales that measure proactive semantic interference (PSI) may be among the earliest behavioral markers of elevated Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology. While there has been considerable cross-sectional work in the area, it is presently unknown whether semantic intrusion errors are predictive of progression of cognitive impairment in aMCI or PreMCI (not cognitively normal but not meeting full criteria for MCI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study examined the extent to which the percentage of semantic intrusion errors (PIE) based on total responses on a novel cognitive stress test, the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), could predict clinical/cognitive outcomes over an average 26-month period in older adults initially diagnosed with aMCI, PreMCI, and normal cognition. <b><i>Results:</i></b> On the LASSI-L subscale sensitive to PSI, a PIE cut point of 44% intrusion errors distinguished between those at-risk individuals with PreMCI who progressed to MCI over time compared to individuals with PreMCI who reverted to normal on longitudinal follow-up. Importantly, PIE was able to accurately predict 83.3% of aMCI individuals who later progressed to dementia. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> These preliminary findings indicate that PIE on LASSI-L subscales that measure PSI may be a useful predictor of clinical progression overtime in at-risk older adults.

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