scholarly journals Pregnancy Loss and Iodine Status: The LIFE Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mills ◽  
Ali Mehnaz ◽  
Germaine Buck Louis ◽  
Kurunthachalam Kannan ◽  
Jennifer Weck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Deficient Group

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is a common problem in the United States and parts of Europe, but whether iodine deficiency is associated with increased pregnancy loss has not been well studied. The LIFE study provided an excellent opportunity to examine the relationship between iodine status and pregnancy loss because women were monitored prospectively to ensure excellent ascertainment of conceptions. The LIFE study, a population-based prospective cohort study, monitored 501 women who had discontinued contraception within two months to become pregnant; 329 became pregnant, had urinary iodine concentrations measured on samples collected at enrollment, and were followed up to determine pregnancy outcomes. Of the 329, 196 had live births (59.5%), 92 (28.0%) had losses, and 41 (12.5%) withdrew or were lost to follow up. Urinary iodine concentrations were in the deficiency range in 59.6% of the participants. The risk of loss, however, was not elevated in the mildly deficient group (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.34, 1.38), the moderately deficient group (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.43, 1.51), or the severely deficient group (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.32, 1.50). Iodine deficiency, even when moderate to severe, was not associated with increased rates of pregnancy loss. This study provides some reassurance that iodine deficiency at levels seen in many developed countries does not increase the risk of pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C Antvorskov ◽  
Thorhallur I Halldorsson ◽  
Knud Josefsen ◽  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
Charlotta Granström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Food Frequency

Abstract Objective To examine the association between prenatal gluten exposure and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes in humans. Design National prospective cohort study. Setting National health information registries in Denmark. Participants Pregnant Danish women enrolled into the Danish National Birth Cohort, between January 1996 and October 2002, Main outcome measures Maternal gluten intake, based on maternal consumption of gluten containing foods, was reported in a 360 item food frequency questionnaire at week 25 of pregnancy. Information on type 1 diabetes occurrence in the participants’ children, from 1 January 1996 to 31 May 2016, were obtained through registry linkage to the Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes. Results The study comprised 101 042 pregnancies in 91 745 women, of whom 70 188 filled out the food frequency questionnaire. After correcting for multiple pregnancies, pregnancies ending in abortions, stillbirths, lack of information regarding the pregnancy, and pregnancies with implausibly high or low energy intake, 67 565 pregnancies (63 529 women) were included. The average gluten intake was 13.0 g/day, ranging from less than 7 g/day to more than 20 g/day. The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in the cohort was 0.37% (n=247) with a mean follow-up period of 15.6 years (standard deviation 1.4). Risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring increased proportionally with maternal gluten intake during pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.001 to 1.72) per 10 g/day increase of gluten). Women with the highest gluten intake versus those with the lowest gluten intake (≥20 v <7 g/day) had double the risk of type 1 diabetes development in their offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 4.00)). Conclusions High gluten intake by mothers during pregnancy could increase the risk of their children developing type 1 diabetes. However, confirmation of these findings are warranted, preferably in an intervention setting.

scholarly journals Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Rico-Campà ◽  
Miguel A Martínez-González ◽  
Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez ◽  
Raquel de Deus Mendonça ◽  
Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort of university graduates, Spain 1999-2018. Participants 19 899 participants (12 113 women and 7786 men) aged 20-91 years followed-up every two years between December 1999 and February 2014 for food and drink consumption, classified according to the degree of processing by the NOVA classification, and evaluated through a validated 136 item food frequency questionnaire. Main outcome measure Association between consumption of energy adjusted ultra-processed foods categorised into quarters (low, low-medium, medium-high, and high consumption) and all cause mortality, using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Results 335 deaths occurred during 200 432 persons years of follow-up. Participants in the highest quarter (high consumption) of ultra-processed foods consumption had a higher hazard for all cause mortality compared with those in the lowest quarter (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.33) with a significant dose-response relation (P for linear trend=0.005). For each additional serving of ultra-processed foods, all cause mortality relatively increased by 18% (adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.33). Conclusions A higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (>4 servings daily) was independently associated with a 62% relatively increased hazard for all cause mortality. For each additional serving of ultra-processed food, all cause mortality increased by 18%. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02669602 .

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hospital Admission After a Fall: A Prospective Cohort Study of Community-Dwelling Older People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica G Abell ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
G David Batty ◽  
Paola Zaninotto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background Falls in later life that require admission to hospital have well-established consequences for future disability and health. The likelihood and severity of a fall will result from the presence of one or more risk factors. The aim of this study is to examine risk factors identified for their ability to prevent falls and to assess whether they are associated with hospital admission after a fall. Methods Analyses of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), a prospective cohort study. In a sample of 3783 men and women older than 60 years old, a range of potential risk factors measured at Wave 4 (demographic, social environment, physical, and mental functioning) were examined as predictors of fall-related hospitalizations, identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code from linked hospital records in the United Kingdom. Subdistribution hazard models were used to account for competing risk of death. Results Several risk factors identified by previous work were confirmed. Suffering from urinary incontinence (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.95) and osteoporosis (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.07), which are not commonly considered at an early stage of screening, were found to be associated with hospital admission after a fall. Both low and moderate levels of physical activity were also found to somewhat increase the risk of hospital admission after a fall. Conclusions Several predictors of having a fall, severe enough to require hospital admission, have been confirmed. In particular, urinary incontinence should be considered at an earlier point in the assessment of risk.

Consequences of Iodine Deficiency and Excess in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Thyroid ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1801
Author(s):  
Nathalie Silva de Morais ◽  
Débora Ayres Saraiva ◽  
Carolina Corcino ◽  
Tatiana Berbara ◽  
Annie Schtscherbyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Incidence of VTE in asymptomatic children with deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 5442-5448
Author(s):  
Daniela Tormene ◽  
Elena Campello ◽  
Chiara Simion ◽  
Giacomo Turatti ◽  
Michelangelo Marobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Risk Period

Abstract Although antithrombin, protein C, and protein S defects are well-recognized inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults, whether they predispose children to these vascular disorders as well is undefined. In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the incidence of spontaneous and risk period–related VTE in children who were family members of adults who, after an episode of symptomatic VTE, had then been identified as carriers of these abnormalities. A total of 134 children from 87 families were enrolled. Seventy (51.5%) of these children were carriers of an inherited defect, and the remaining 64 were not; the mean observation period was 4 years (range, 1-16 years) and 3.9 years (range, 1-13), respectively. Sixteen risk periods were experienced by carriers, and 9 by noncarriers. Six VTE occurred in the 70 carriers during 287 observation-years, accounting for an annual incidence of 2.09% patient-years (95% confidence interval, 0.8-4.5), compared with none in the 64 noncarriers during 248 observation-years. Of the 14 children with thrombophilia who experienced a risk period for thrombosis, 4 (28.6%) developed a VTE episode. The overall incidence of risk-related VTE was 25% per risk period (95% confidence interval, 6.8-64). In conclusion, the thrombotic risk in otherwise healthy children with severe inherited thrombophilia does not seem to differ from that reported for adults with the same defects. Screening for thrombophilia in children who belong to families with these defects seems justified to identify those who may benefit from thromboprophylaxis during risk periods for thrombosis.

A Prospective Cohort Study of Load and Wellness (Sleep, Fatigue, Soreness, Stress, and Mood) in Elite Junior Australian Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J.H. Lathlean ◽  
Paul B. Gastin ◽  
Stuart V. Newstead ◽  
Caroline F. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Australian Football

Purpose:To investigate associations between load (training and competition) and wellness in elite junior Australian Football players across 1 competitive season.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted during the 2014 playing season in 562 players from 9 teams. Players recorded their training and match intensities according to the session-rating-of-perceived-exertion (sRPE) method. Based on sRPE player loads, a number of load variables were quantified, including cumulative load and the change in load across different periods of time (including the acute-to-chronic load ratio). Wellness was quantified using a wellness index including sleep, fatigue, soreness, stress, and mood on a Likert scale from 1 to 5.Results:Players spent an average of 85 (21) min in each match and 65 (31) min per training session. Average match loads were 637 (232) arbitrary units, and average training loads were 352 (233) arbitrary units. Over the 24 wk of the 2014 season, overall wellness had a significant linear negative association with 1-wk load (B = −0.152; 95% confidence interval, −0.261 to −0.043;P = .006) and an inverseU-curve relationship with session load (B = −0.078; 95% confidence interval, 0.143 to 0.014;P = .018). Mood, stress, and soreness were all found to have associations with load.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that load (within a session and across the week) is important in managing the wellness of elite junior Australian Football players. Quantifying loads and wellness at this level will help optimize player management and has the potential to reduce the risk of adverse events such as injury.

Smoking is Associated with Increased Risk of Major Bleeding: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-047
Author(s):  
Anne Langsted ◽  
Børge Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Background Tobacco smoking represents the most preventable cause of several fatal and disabling diseases worldwide. Several ingredients in tobacco have been suspected to cause changes in the arterial wall leading to instability of blood vessels. The association of smoking with major bleeding is largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that smoking and high tobacco consumption are associated with increased risk of bleeding. Materials and Methods This is a prospective cohort study with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years including 99,359 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, with a questionnaire including self-reported smoking status and information on smoking intensity in cigarettes per day and pack-years. In this study, 17,555 were current smokers, 40,182 former smokers and 41,622 were never smokers. Results Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for current smokers versus never smokers were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–1.61) for any major bleeding, 1.71 (1.37–2.13) for intracranial bleeding, 1.35 (1.14–1.60) for airway bleeding, 2.20 (1.84–2.62) for gastrointestinal bleeding and 1.39 (1.26–1.55) for urinary bleeding. Increased smoking intensity was also associated with increased risk of any major bleeding, where > 40 pack-years in current and former smokers compared with never smokers had a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.45–1.73) (p for trend across four groups: < 0.001). Also, current smokers smoking > 20 cigarettes per day compared with former and never smokers had a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.67 (1.51–1.85) (p for trend across four groups: < 0.001). Conclusion Current smokers have an increased risk of any major bleeding as well as of intracranial, airway, gastrointestinal and urinary bleeding. Also, increased smoking intensity was associated with increased risk of major bleeding.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ticconi ◽  
Adalgisa Pietropolli ◽  
Monia Specchia ◽  
Elena Nicastri ◽  
Carlo Chiaramonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. A total of 1092 singleton pregnancies were followed, 431 in women with RPL and 661 in normal healthy women. The prevalence of the following complications was observed: threatened miscarriage, miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, fetal anomalies, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, pregnancy-related liver disorders, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The odds ratio and 95% CI for each pregnancy complication considered were determined by comparing women with RPL and normal healthy women. Women with RPL had an overall rate of pregnancy complications higher than normal women (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 3.353–5.714; p < 0.0001). Their risk was increased for nearly all the conditions considered. They also had an increased risk of multiple concomitant pregnancy complications (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 3.10–6.94, p < 0.0001). Considering only women with RPL, women with ≥3 losses had a higher risk of pregnancy complications than women with two losses (OR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.112–2.386, p < 0.02). No differences were found in the overall risk of pregnancy complications according to the type, explained or unexplained, of RPL. Women with secondary RPL had an increased risk of GDM than women with primary RPL. Pregnancy in women with RPL should be considered at high risk.

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