scholarly journals Variability of Serum Proteins in Chinese and Dutch Human Milk during Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohèb Elwakiel ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Jos Hageman ◽  
Ignatius Szeto ◽  
Henk Schols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Serum Proteome ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Proteomic Techniques

To better understand the variability of the type and level of serum proteins in human milk, the milk serum proteome of Chinese mothers during lactation was investigated using proteomic techniques and compared to the milk serum proteome of Dutch mothers. This showed that total milk serum protein concentrations in Chinese human milk decreased over a 20-week lactation period, although with variation between mothers in the rate of decrease. Variation was also found in the composition of serum proteins in both colostrum and mature milk, although immune-active proteins, enzymes, and transport proteins were the most abundant for all mothers. These three protein groups account for many of the 15 most abundant proteins, with these 15 proteins covering more than 95% of the total protein concentrations, in both the Chinese and Dutch milk serum proteome. The Dutch and Chinese milk serum proteome were also compared based on 166 common milk serum proteins, which showed that 22% of the 166 serum proteins differed in level. These differences were observed mainly in colostrum and concern several highly abundant proteins. This study also showed that protease inhibitors, which are highly correlated to immune-active proteins, are present in variable amounts in human milk and could be relevant during digestion.

scholarly journals The Mean of Milk: A Review of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations throughout Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2737
Author(s):  
Buket Soyyilmaz ◽  
Marta Hanna Mikš ◽  
Christoph Hermann Röhrig ◽  
Martin Matwiejuk ◽  
Agnes Meszaros-Matwiejuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Secretor Status ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Global Population

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different HMO structures have been identified. Their concentrations in human milk vary according to various factors such as lactation period, mother’s genetic secretor status, and length of gestation (term or preterm). The objective of this review is to assess and rank HMO concentrations from healthy mothers throughout lactation at a global level. To this aim, published data from pooled (secretor and non-secretor) human milk samples were used. When samples were reported as secretor or non-secretor, means were converted to a pooled level, using the reported mean of approximately 80/20% secretor/non-secretor frequency in the global population. This approach provides an estimate of HMO concentrations in the milk of an average, healthy mother independent of secretor status. Mean concentrations of HMOs were extracted and categorized by pre-defined lactation periods of colostrum (0–5 days), transitional milk (6–14 days), mature milk (15–90 days), and late milk (>90 days). Further categorizations were made by gestational length at birth, mother’s ethnicity, and analytical methodology. Data were excluded if they were from preterm milk, unknown sample size and mothers with any known disease status. A total of 57 peer-reviewed articles reporting individual HMO concentrations published between 1996 and 2020 were included in the review. Pooled HMO means reported from 31 countries were analyzed. In addition to individual HMO concentrations, 12 articles reporting total HMO concentrations were also analyzed as a basis for relative HMO abundance. Total HMOs were found as 17.7 g/L in colostrum, 13.3 g/L in transitional milk, and 11.3 g/L in mature milk. The results show that HMO concentrations differ largely for each individual HMO and vary with lactation stages. For instance, while 2′-FL significantly decreased from colostrum (3.18 g/L ± 0.9) to late milk (1.64 g/L ± 0.67), 3-FL showed a significant increase from colostrum (0.37 g/L ± 0.1) to late milk (0.92 g/L ± 0.5). Although pooled human milk contains a diverse HMO profile with more than 200 structures identified, the top 10 individual HMOs make up over 70% of total HMO concentration. In mature pooled human milk, the top 15 HMOs in decreasing order of magnitude are 2′-FL, LNDFH-I (DFLNT), LNFP-I, LNFP-II, LNT, 3-FL, 6′-SL, DSLNT, LNnT, DFL (LDFT), FDS-LNH, LNFP-III, 3′-SL, LST c, and TF-LNH.

Geography and ethnicity related variation in the Chinese human milk serum proteome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 7818-7827
Author(s):  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Serum Proteome ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Milk Serum

Human milk provides a range of nutrients and bioactive components, which can support the growth and development of infants.

scholarly journals Maternal Allergy and the Presence of Nonhuman Proteinaceous Molecules in Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Pieter M. Dekker ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Alet H. Wijga ◽  
Gerard H. Koppelman ◽  
Jacques J. M. Vervoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Specific Tolerance

Human milk contains proteins and/or protein fragments that originate from nonhuman organisms. These proteinaceous molecules, of which the secretion might be related to the mother’s allergy status, could be involved in the development of the immune system of the infant. This may lead, for example, to sensitization or the induction of allergen-specific tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between maternal allergy and the levels of nonhuman proteinaceous molecules in their milk. In this study, we analysed trypsin-digested human milk serum proteins of 10 allergic mothers and 10 nonallergic mothers. A search was carried out to identify peptide sequences originating from bovine or other allergenic proteins. Several methods were applied to confirm the identification of these sequences, and the differences between both groups were investigated. Out of the 78 identified nonhuman peptide sequences, 62 sequences matched Bos taurus proteins. Eight peptide sequences of bovine β -lactoglobulin had significantly higher levels in milk from allergic mothers than in milk from nonallergic mothers. Dietary bovine β -lactoglobulin may be absorbed through the intestinal barrier and secreted into human milk. This seems to be significantly higher in allergic mothers and might have consequences for the development of the immune system of their breastfed infant.

scholarly journals In Vitro Digestion of Human Milk: Influence of the Lactation Stage on the Micellar Carotenoids Content

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier ◽  
Garrido-López ◽  
Aguayo-Maldonado ◽  
Garrido-Fernández ◽  
Fontecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
Milk Fat Globule

Human milk is a complex fluid with nutritive and non-nutritive functions specifically structured to cover the needs of the newborn. The present study started with the study of carotenoid composition during progress of lactation (colostrum, collected at 3–5 d postpartum; mature milk, collected at 30 d postpartum) with samples donated from full-term lactating mothers (women with no chronic diseases, nonsmokers on a regular diet without supplements, n = 30). Subsequently, we applied an in vitro protocol to determine the micellarization efficiency of the carotenoids, which were separated by HPLC and quantified by the external standard method. That in vitro protocol is tailored for the biochemistry of the digestive tract of a newborn. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of carotenoids micellar contents, obtained in vitro. This study reveals, from the in vitro perspective, that colostrum and mature milk produce significant micellar contents of carotenoids despite lipids in milk are within highly complex structures. Indeed, the lactation period develops some influence on the micellarization efficiency, influence that might be attributed to the dynamics of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) during the progress of lactation.

Lipids in Milk and the First Steps in Their Digestion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Margit Hamosh ◽  
Joel Bitman ◽  
D. Larry Wood ◽  
P. Hamosh ◽  
N. R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globules ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Human milk contains 3.0% to 4.5% fat. The fat is contained within membrane-enclosed milk fat globules. The core of the globules consists of triglycerides (98% to 99% of total milk fat) whereas the globule membrane (which originates from the mammary secretory cell's Golgi and cell membranes) is composed mainly of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Milk fat content and composition change during lactation. Whereas the triglyceride level rises, the phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations decrease during the transition from colostrum to mature milk, resulting in an increase in the size of the milk fat globules. Digestion of milk fat depends on the consecutive action of several lipases. The first step is the partial hydrolysis of the milk fat globule core by lingual and gastric lipases in the stomach. Hydrolysis continues in the duodenum, where the bile salt-stimulated lipase of human milk and pancreatic lipase complete the process initiated in the stomach.

The content and composition of protein in creamery milks in south-west Scotland

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas Davies ◽  
Andrew J. R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
South West ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Individual

SUMMAARYThe content and composition of protein in milk samples from creameries in south-west Scotland were determined over a period of 12 months. The composition of the whole casein was expressed in terms of αsl-, β-, κ-, αs2- and γ-caseins, and that of the total milk serum protein in terms of β-lactoglobulins (β-lg), α-lactalbumins, bovine serum albumin, and a mixture of immunoglobulins, proteose-peptone component 3 and lactoferrin (IPL). Concentrations of the individual caseins varied appreciably and for most, concentration was closely correlated with and showed the same seasonal pattern as total casein concentration. Concentrations of the milk serum proteins also varied but only those of β-lg and the IPL fraction were closely correlated with that of total milk serum protein and seasonal trends were not marked. Relative amounts of the individual proteins, on the other hand, showed smaller variations and so throughout the experimental period the milks contained a protein complex of comparatively constant composition. Because of this comparative constancy it would appear that seasonal variations in milk properties in south-west Scotland are unlikely to be determined to a major extent by milk protein composition, but could be more affected by protein concentration.

Effect of Breed and Some Non - Genetic Factors on Milk Production and Some Proportions of Its Chemical Components in Two Breeds of Local Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Rahman Hussein AL-Qasimi ◽  
Shatha Mohammed Abbas ◽  
Allawi L.D. AL-Khauzai
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Components

The study was carried out on 19 ewes of local Awassi sheep and 12ewes local Arabi sheep in the Al-kafeel sheep station Karbala, to determine the effect of breed and some non-genetic factors such as (sex of the lamb, type of birth, age and weight of ewes at birth) on daily and total milk production and lactation period and some of milk components (fat, protein and lactose). The results showed that a significant effect (P <0.05) of the breed on milk production traits where Awassi sheep recorded the highest mean (0.91 kg , 101.63 kg , 104.86 day) compared to the Arabi sheep she was means (0.77 kg , 88.15 kg , 99.15 day) respectively. As well as in proportions of milk components with mean( 5.1 , 4.90 , 5.51) % respectively compared to the Arabi sheep (4.70 . 4.20 . 4.89) ewes with male lambs also exceeded superior ewes with female lambs in daily and total milk production and the lactation period the sex of the lamb did not affect the proportions of milk components the weight of the ewes had a significant effect (P <0.05) in milk production attributes with superior weight of ewes on lower ewes and did not affect the proportions of milk ingredients except for lactose. The type of birth and the age of the ewes did not have a significant effect in all the studied traits except for the superiority (P<0.05) of young ewes on age ewes in the fat percentage of milk.

Proteomic Characterization of Human Milk Whey Proteins during a Twelve-Month Lactation Period

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Liao ◽  
Rudy Alvarado ◽  
Brett Phinney ◽  
Bo Lönnerdal
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Whey

Gestational Hypertension and Their Impact on Activin A Concentration of the Human Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Peila ◽  
Elena Spada ◽  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Stefano Sottemano ◽  
Giulia Fregnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction It is known that Preeclampsia affects the lactogenesis, but literature data on the effects of this syndrome on the neurobiomarkers composition and Activin A of Human Milk of the lactating mother are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this gestational pathology on Activin A levels, a neurobiomarker known to play an important role in the development and protection of the central nervous system.Methods The women recruited in the study were divided in two different study groups: preeclamptic or healthy women. All the breast milk samples were collected using the same procedure into sterile devices BPA-free. Activin A was quantified using an ELISA test. To investigate the effect of pathology in the Activin a concentration in the 3 phases, mixed linear model with unistructural covariance structure, mother as random effect, and fixed effects were performed.Results Activin A was detected in all samples. There were no significant differences between Preeclamptic mother and Normotensive women. The only significant effect is related to the HM phase: in particular, it is significant the difference between colostrum and mature milk (p<0.01).Conclusion There is not any significant difference in Activin A breast milk composition from hypertensive and normotensive women. This result allows us to affirm that breast milk beneficial properties are maintained even if gestational hypertension occurs.

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