scholarly journals Nutrition and Chronic Conditions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Global Increase

This editorial discusses and analyses the role of dietary interventions in the management of chronic conditions in recognition of the global increase of these diseases, the rise in the ageing population, and the significant cost to health services around the world. Evidence has shown that low-glycaemic index (GI) and low-carbohydrate diets are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes, and the role of unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and bioactive compounds in chronic disease management have been the subject of intense research. However, although multidimensional approaches are important in the management of these chronic conditions, nutritional interventions are critical and central to these strategies.

scholarly journals Fisiopatologia e desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 3 e sua relação com a doença de Alzheimer

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Giúlia Jäger Maximowicz de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Luisa Roda Cichacewski ◽  
Carolina Fantin Carneiro ◽  
Leticia Fuganti Campos ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ligocki Campos
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Type 3

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive and persistent deterioration of the whole cognitive function, which results in an impaired cortical function. Some years ago, the connection between AD and type 2 diabetes has been studied, resulting in the term type 3 diabetes (T3D). Methods: This is a literature review, a search for articles published in the last 5 years in the Medline and PubMed databases was performed, using the descriptor: Alzheimer disease, diabetes, insulin resistance. Results: For analysis, 12 articles were selected, with 10 literature reviews and 2 original studies. Among those who explored the cellular and molecular relationship between AD and insulin resistance, possible pathogenic mechanisms, the role of insulin in the brain, environmental factors linked to AD and dietary interventions to prevent neurodegeneration. Conclusion: The relation between AD and type 2 diabetes is due several mechanisms such as lipid metabolism, insulin metabolism and agents related to its functioning, like the ApoEε4, C-peptide, the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and the amyloid-beta (Aβ). It is suggested that several changes, mainly in insulin metabolism, can impair neurocognitive function and trigger AD. Future studies are needed to analyze the context of T3D and find possible treatments that attenuate the AD progression and promote quality of life for the patients.

scholarly journals Role of Heme Oxygenase in Inflammation, Insulin-Signalling, Diabetes and Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
Keyword(s):  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Diabetes and obesity are chronic conditions associated with elevated oxidative/inflammatory activities with a continuum of tissue insults leading to more severe cardiometabolic and renal complications including myocardial infarction and end-stage-renal damage. A common denominator of these chronic conditions is the enhanced the levels of cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), IL-1βand resistin, which in turn activates the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways, creating a vicious cycle that exacerbates insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and related complications. Emerging evidence indicates that heme oxygenase (HO) inducers are endowed with potent anti-diabetic and insulin sensitizing effects besides their ability to suppress immune/inflammatory response. Importantly, the HO system abates inflammation through several mechanisms including the suppression of macrophage-infiltration and abrogation of oxidative/inflammatory transcription factors like NF-κB, JNK and activating protein-1. This review highlights the mechanisms by which the HO system potentiates insulin signalling, with particular emphasis on HO-mediated suppression of oxidative and inflammatory insults. The HO system could be explored in the search for novel remedies against cardiometabolic diseases and their complications.

scholarly journals Low Carbohydrate Dietary Approaches for People With Type 2 Diabetes—A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Wheatley ◽  
Trudi A. Deakin ◽  
Nicola C. Arjomandkhah ◽  
Paul B. Hollinrake ◽  
Trudi E. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Common

Although carbohydrate restriction is not a new approach for the management of Type 2 diabetes, interest in its safety and efficacy has increased significantly in recent years. The purpose of the current narrative review is to summarise the key relevant research and practical considerations in this area, as well as to explore some of the common concerns expressed in relation to the use of such approaches. There is a strong physiological rationale supporting the role of carbohydrate restriction for the management of Type 2 diabetes, and available evidence suggests that low carbohydrate dietary approaches (LCDs) are as effective as, or superior to, other dietary approaches for its management. Importantly, LCDs appear to be more effective than other dietary approaches for facilitating a reduction in the requirement for certain medications, which leads to their effects on other health markers being underestimated. LCDs have also been demonstrated to be an effective method for achieving remission of Type 2 diabetes for some people. The available evidence does not support concerns that LCDs increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, that such approaches increase the risk of nutrient deficiencies, or that they are more difficult to adhere to than other dietary approaches. A growing number of organisations support the use of LCDs as a suitable choice for individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

A role for low-carbohydrate diets in type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
George Winter
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Prescribing for diabetes has increased in recent years. Here, George Winter discusses the potential role of a low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes control

scholarly journals Glycaemic index and metabolic disease risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
The Public ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk ◽  
The Impact

There is growing evidence that the type of carbohydrate consumed is important in relation to metabolic disease risk, and there is currently particular interest in the role of low-glycaemic-index (GI) foods. Observational studies have associated low-GI diets with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD, and improvements in various metabolic risk factors have been seen in some intervention studies. However, findings have been mixed and inconsistent. There are a number of plausible mechanisms for the effects of these foods on disease risk, which arise from the differing metabolic responses to low- and high-GI foods, with low-GI foods resulting in reductions in hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and late postprandial circulating NEFA levels. Low-GI foods may also increase satiety and delay the return of hunger compared with high-GI foods, which could translate into reduced energy intake at later time points. However, the impact of a low-GI diet on body weight is controversial, with many studies confounded by dietary manipulations that differ in aspects other than GI. There is currently much interest in GI from scientists, health professionals and the public, but more research is needed before clear conclusions can be drawn about relationships with metabolic disease risk.

Modulation of gut microbiota by dietary macronutrients in type 2 diabetes: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Hang ◽  
Oumaima Battousse ◽  
Amutha Ramadas
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Term Management

Dietary interventions have been a first-line strategy in the long-term management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, low carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets emerged as common dietary approaches in managing T2DM. Literature suggests macronutrients impose significant impacts on the gut microbiome related to glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation. Although there is insufficient literature on gut microbiota modulation via dietary macronutrient management, this area of study has been gradually gaining interest amongst researchers. This review describes the current evidence and summarizes specific dietary macronutrients' effects in sculpting the diverse gut microbiome. Potential crucial research concepts could help develop macronutrient-specific diets to modulate gut microbiota beneficial to T2DM management and pathogenesis.

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