scholarly journals Persistent Economic Burden of the Gluten Free Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lee ◽  
Randi Wolf ◽  
Benjamin Lebwohl ◽  
Edward Ciaccio ◽  
Peter Green
Keyword(s):  
Gluten Free ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Market Basket ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Market Production ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Student’S T Test

Gluten free (GF) products have been reported to be more expensive and less available than their gluten containing counterparts. We examined the current U.S. cost and availability of GF products and made comparisons to the marketplace over a decade ago. Cost, determined by price per ounce and availability of a “market basket” of regular and GF products across four venues and five geographic regions was compared using a student’s t test. GF products were more expensive (overall 183%), and in all regions and venues (p < 0.001). GF products from mass-market producers were 139% more expensive than the wheat-based version of the same product. Availability of GF products was greatest (66%) in the health food and upscale venues. In contrast to the results of the 2006 study, the cost of GF products has declined from 240% to 183% (adjusted for inflation). The introduction of mass-market production of GF products may have influenced the increase in availability and overall reduction of cost since 2006. The extent to which the cost of GF products impacts dietary adherence and quality of life for those on a GFD warrants exploration.

scholarly journals Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding in unilateral cleft lip and palate

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zuhaib ◽  
Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya ◽  
Renu Parmar ◽  
Pritham N. Shetty ◽  
Pradeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Alar Base ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Post Therapy ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Context: Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding (PNAM) is a non-surgical method of reshaping the cleft lip, alveolus, palate and the nose to minimize the severity of the cleft deformity, before primary cheiloplastyand palatoplasty. In this context, PNAM proves to be an invaluable asset in the management of unilateral cleft lip and palate. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the effi cacy of PNAM in the management of unilateral cleft lip and palate with the following objectives: (1) To assess and compare the degree of reduction in the size of cleft palate and alveolus (pre-PNAM and post-PNAM). (2) To evaluate and compare the improvement in columellar length and correction of columellar deviation (pre-PNAM and post-PNAM). (3) To assess the changes in the position of the alar base and the alar cartilages. Settings and Design: Prospective study. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study consisting of, which included 20 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate was conducted. The age at the start of PNAM treatment of the infants ranged from 2 to 44 days of age reporting to our institute between December 2011 and August 2013. All the patients underwent PNAM therapy before primary cheiloplasty at 6 months of age; clinical parameters were assessed pre- and post-therapy using photographs and dental study models of the maxilla. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test for paired comparisons. Results: Results of the study showed a promising reduction in the cleft size before the surgery, signifi cant improvement in nasal symmetry, including the columellar length on the cleft side. Conclusions: PNAM is a valuable adjunct to our surgical armamentarium in dealing with the challenges of primary closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate thereby enhancing the overall surgical outcome. The advantages of this method include the simplicity of the procedure and improving the quality of surgical repair, particularly in obtaining tension free muscle closure in unilateral clefts.

scholarly journals Artifact induction by endodontic materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Sales Salineiro ◽  
Igor Publio Talamoni ◽  
Solange Kobayashi Velasco ◽  
Fabiana Mesquita Barros ◽  
Marcelo De Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The One ◽  
Student’S T Test

Metallic objects, such as intracanal posts and restorations, may produce severe interference, thus diminishing the quality of CBCT imaging. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of conventional and bioceramic gutta-percha points on the production of artifacts in CBCT images. Methods: Extracted single- -rooted premolar teeth (n=20) were instrumented and scanned with a CBCT device to create three groups: the Control group, the Gutta-Percha group and the Bioceramic Gutta-Percha group. Two types of analysis were executed: an objective one, using the Region of Interest (ROI) to measure the pixel density of each tooth, and a subjective one, to compare the groups’ images. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, descriptive statistics and the frequency distribution analysis were used for both objective and subjective analyses. Results: The agreement between the observers ranged from moderate to excellent. Similar grayscale values were obtained in both the GP and BCGP groups. These results were endorsed by the p-values obtained with Student’s t test. For the subjective analysis, the observers indicated the BCGP group as the one that developed the highest number of artifacts. Conclusions: Both materials produced artifacts in the CBCT images. However, in the subjective analysis, the BCGP group showed higher levels of artifact production than the GP group, which could result in the misdiagnosis of root fracture and in a worse prognosis for that tooth.

scholarly journals The Quality of Seniors' Life in Their Natural Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Lenka Lachytová ◽  
Peter Kalanin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Organization Quality ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
At Home

The aim of the research study is to investigate the quality of life of seniors at home andtheir satisfaction in the domains of physical health, survival, social relations and the environmentitself.Design studio. We conducted the study on a sample of 80 respondents / seniors living at home inVranov nad Topľou. For processing the obtained data, we used the following statistical methods -the Fisher's F-test and Student's t-test. For detecting the data from respondents we chose ananonymous standardized questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality ofLife - BREF), which is a shortened version of the WHOQOL-100. As completion of this study is theimplementation of mechanisms supporting the quality of life of seniors in a natural environmentwith an emphasis on preventive measures of social policy to maintain a reasonable quality of life

Assessment of the quality of mobile applications created for arbovirus prevention in Brazil using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS): review and analysis of content (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Albino ◽  
Izabelly Dutra Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Gomes ◽  
Tais Acácia Santos-Silva ◽  
Roberta Smania-Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the prevalence of diseases caused by arboviruses has increased alarmingly in recent years. Information and communication technologies, especially mobile technologies, has been used to engage the population and to change their practices in order to control the rising of mosquitos. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to perform a survey of the applications (apps) created for prevention and health promotion in relation to arbovirus diseases transmitted by Aedes Aegypti – such as dengue, zika and chikungunya – as well as classify the quality of these apps based on the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). The assessment also investigated whether these apps were elaborated considering the theories of behaviour change. METHODS The analysis of the apps for mobile devices was performed using the Android operating system and the Google’s app store. The search terms used were "Chikungunya", "Dengue" and "Zika". The apps were independently analysed by two researchers after a period of training using the MARS scale. Student's T-test was performed to compare the means obtained by the two researchers in order to evaluate if they had a significant difference at the 5% level. The Kappa test was used to evaluate the interobserver agreement for binary categorical variables and for variables using Likert scale. The reliability of the scale was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS Many of the evaluated apps accomplish their goals of transmitting information in an interactive way, but they do not necessarily have the purpose of influencing their users to change behaviours related to the control of disease-vector mosquitoes. Student's T-test did not show significant differences in scores of the different sections of the MARS except for the engagement. Three variables had an almost perfect or strong agreement using Kappa (above 0.61): whether the apps could be classified as informative, had a geolocation feature and were used to entertainment. Cronbach’s Alpha showed good reliability of the MARSs. This study also showed that it is necessary to create and regulate evaluation, dissemination and storage policies for these apps so that, over the years, a deeper analysis of the role of these tools in health promotion can be investigated and better understood. CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, the vast majority of apps, created to prevent arboviroses, were developed for informational or entertainment purposes and they were not explicitly based on health behaviour theories.

scholarly journals Effects of group kinesiotherapy on primary and secondary symptoms of osteoarthrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47087
Author(s):  
Marcela Regina de Camargo ◽  
Alessandra Madia Mantovani ◽  
Ellene Cristine Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Cíntia Tiemi Gushiken ◽  
Renilton José Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Trunk Flexibility ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a specific, kinesiotherapy-based rehabilitation program on the various symptoms of osteoarthrosis (OA), following group treatment. Thirty-one individuals, of both sexes, aged over 50 years and with medical diagnosis of OA, underwent 16 sessions, twice a week, totaling eight weeks, of a specific rehabilitation protocol based on group kinesiotherapy. Primary OA symptoms were assessed (directly related to the disease: OA symptoms, trunk flexibility, balance and pain), and so were secondary ones (indirectly related to the disease: signs of depression and anxiety, and quality of life). Data were tested through Student's t test or Wilcoxon's test, and contingencies of categorical data were analyzed using McNemar's test. There was an improvement in all primary symptoms of OA after the kinesiotherapy protocol was applied. Signs of anxiety and depression improved only in contingency, when risk stratification was taken into account. In addition, physical components of quality of life also showed improvement, which did not occur with mental components though. Therefore, the kinesiotherapy-based rehabilitation program was capable of positively influencing all primary symptoms, and only some aspects of secondary OA symptoms.

scholarly journals Satisfaction of Primary Healthcare Dentists after the Completion of a Distance Learning Course in Pediatric Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren Serra BAVARESCO ◽  
Silvana BRAGANÇA ◽  
Francine de Paula FRIES ◽  
Giordano Santana SÓRIA ◽  
Flávio Renato Reis DE MOURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the level of satisfaction of dentists working in primary healthcare (PHC) with a Distance learning (DL) course in pediatric dentistry offered by the TeleHealthRS center, and to the investigate possible associations between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and their performance on the questionnaires applied before and after the course. Methods: The course was offered in 2015 by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) together with the TeleHealthRS center in Brazil. Data were collected on the participants’ personal and professional profile, their pre- and post-course knowledge about pediatric dentistry, and their satisfaction with the course. Student's t-test and the ANOVA test were used to assess the possible associations between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and their performance on the questionnaires applied before and after the course. Results: Overall, the participants were satisfied with the course, however, no statistically significant association was found between the variables indicative of their satisfaction and the grades they earned on the pre- and postcourse questionnaires. Conclusion: The available pediatric dentistry course received positive evaluations from the participants, constituting a possible strategy for the qualification of primary care dentists. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the expectations of DL course participants, aiming to enhance the quality of future editions of this learning modality for pediatric dentistry contents.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF THE APPLICATION OF SCHOLARSHIPS FOR TEACHERS AND CRITERIA FOR SCHOLARSHIPS FOR PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION IN MEDICAL SPECIALTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S GRECHIKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Motivational Resources ◽  
Student’S T Test

Motivation plays an important role for each person. To improve the quality of students ' education, it is necessary to constantly use motivational resources. Our review is devoted to the study of the economic significance of the use of scholarships for teachers, as well as the study of the criteria for scholarships to participate in education in medical specialties. Statistical data processing included definitions of the Student's t-test and Fischer's F-test. The economic aspect included the study of the main and segmental samples. The study examined the profitability and significance of the use of scholarships and criteria for improving the quality of educational activities by scholarship teachers. In addition, our study examines the use of scholarships for career advancement and professional development in the field of professional medical education. The study will discuss potential economic obstacles and challenges in introducing possible models that will help teachers in their efforts to advance their career, improve the quality of education, and integrate income and spending on teaching. Thus, the study of the economic aspect within the framework of the profitability of full-time teachers in the field of education is exactly the area that contributes to the development of effective strategies.

scholarly journals Translation into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation and validation of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Conrad ◽  
Therezinha Rosane Chamlian ◽  
Monica Satomi Ogasowara ◽  
Marco Antonio Guedes Souza Pinto ◽  
Danilo Masiero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND: Quality of life has been one of the main issues for patients with a chronic condition.OBJECTIVE: To translate, adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ).METHODS: The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, back translated into English, and cross-culturally adapted to the Brazilian Population. Sixty-five transtibial unilateral amputees were recruited. The sample comprised 45 men and 20 women with a mean age of 44 years, 47 with traumatic amputations, 14 with vascular dysfunction and 4 with other reasons for amputation, and all of them fitted with prostheses. Patients were interviewed twice, at baseline and again after 15 days. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SF-36 (a generic Quality of Life outcome measure) and the FIM (a Functional Independence Measure) were also administered.RESULTS: The internal consistency of the nine PEQ scales was tested by computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (0.65 - 0.89: high values). Student's t test coefficients were used for interobserver evaluation (0.35 to 084: reliable values with one exception- the Residual Limb Health scale), and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), which ranged from 0.65 to 0.92: reliable values. Student's t test coefficients and ICCs were also used for intraobserver evaluation (0.42 to 0.83, except the Residual Limb Health scale and 0.80 to 0.94, respectively: reliable values). Correlations between PEQ, SF-36 and FIM were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients, which were not statistically significant (p > 0, 01).CONCLUSION: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PEQ has high internal consistency and is a reliable quality of life measure for use in amputee patients, but is not associated with the SF-36 or FIM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surgical Castration vs Immunocastration in Fattening Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pérez-Sato ◽  
Ariadna Cruz-Cortés ◽  
Numa Pompilio Castro-González ◽  
Edgar Valencia- Franco ◽  
Jennifer Pérez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To determine the effect of surgical castration and immunocastration on productive parameters, carcass quality, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the meat of fattening pigs. Design/Metodology/Aproach: Ten male pigs of the York/Pietrain/Landrace breed with a body weight of 25±5 kg were used per treatment. They were housed in individual pens and fed diets according to their physiological state. The variables evaluated were analyzed with a student’s t-test for independent samples. Results: Results do not show differences (p>0.05) in the productive variables, quality of the carcass or physicochemical characteristics. Study Limitations/Implications: The study did not consider qualitative variables such as flavor and smell of the treatments. Findings/Conclusions: Immunocastration is an alternative to surgical castration since the quality of the carcass, the productive variables and the physicochemical characteristics of the meat are not affected, and it favors animal welfare.

201 Correlation between metaphase II oocyte cytoplasmic granulation patterns and intracytoplasmic sperm injection fertilization outcome in older patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
J. Hu ◽  
E. Lazzaroni-Tealdi ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
D. Albertini ◽  
D. Barad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
After Hours ◽  
Granulation Pattern ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Molecular Nature ◽  
Student’S T Test

Cytoplasmic granulation is frequently observed in human MII oocytes in fertility clinics from women requiring early egg retrieval (also called highly individualized egg retrieval, with hCG trigger at lead follicle size 16.0-18.0mm or even less) to avoid premature luteinization. Early retrieval is mostly done for older women (≥36 years old) or younger women with premature ovarian aging. However, only limited reports have focused on detailed analysis of the patterns of cytoplasmic granulation and their correlation with the quality of human oocytes. The aim of this report was to evaluate correlation between granulation patterns of human MII oocytes from early retrieval and the corresponding fertilization rates from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Each MII oocyte was imaged when ICSI was performed. The granulation pattern of each oocyte was reviewed, evaluated, and categorized by the same person as non-granulation (NG, homogeneous, sandy pattern, no granulation or granulation area &lt;1/8 of total cytoplasm), central granulation (CG, ring pattern, a cluster of granules in centre with size &gt;1/4 of oocyte diameter), uneven granulation (UG, sandy-rocky pattern, granulation area &gt;1/8 but &lt;3/4 of total cytoplasm), and dispersed granulation (DG, rocky pattern, granulation area &gt;3/4 of total cytoplasm). Fertilization (pronucleus count, PN) results were then extracted from medical records and matched to the granulation categories. In total, 1759 oocytes done with ICSI in year 2018 were analysed. Fertilization (&lt;2PN, 2PN or &gt;2PN) rates of each group (n=381, n=1222, n=156, respectively) were calculated. Student's t-test was used for group-group comparison analysis. Compared with the NG group, the UG and CG groups had lower 2PN rates (67.2% vs. 84.6%; P&lt;0.001; 73.0% vs. 84.6%; P&lt;0.05; respectively) and the DG group had a much lower 2PN rate (43.3% vs. 84.6%; P&lt;0.001). The UG and CG groups had higher &lt;2PN rates (24.8% vs. 12.1%; P&lt;0.001; 24.3% vs. 12.1%; P&lt;0.001; respectively), and the DG group had a much higher &lt;2PN rate (41.1% vs. 12.1%; P&lt;0.001) than the NG group. For &gt;2PN rates, both UG and DG groups were higher than the NG group (8.0% vs. 3.3%; P&lt;0.05; 15.6% vs. 3.3%; P&lt;0.001; respectively), whereas the DG group was higher than the UG group (15.6% vs. 8.0%). These data demonstrated that dispersed granulation was the worst pattern for fertilization. Interestingly, many of the uneven-granulation group oocytes could become homogeneous (non-granulation) after hours or overnight IVM culture, suggesting that uneven granulation might be a sign of incomplete cytoplasmic maturity. Technically, performing ICSI through the less-granulation side was easier because of less resistance to membrane breaking and to pushing sperm out. Discovering the molecular nature of the granules and related cytoskeleton structures would extend our understanding of their existence and improve treatments by adjusting stimulation and trigger accordingly.

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