scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Association of Skipping Breakfast with Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. What Should We Better Investigate in the Future?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Monzani ◽  
Roberta Ricotti ◽  
Marina Caputo ◽  
Arianna Solito ◽  
Francesca Archero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

The incidence of skipping breakfast in pediatric subjects is rising, and a relationship with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) has been shown. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes and skipping breakfast in adults have been reported. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of skipping breakfast with body weight and metabolic outcomes in the pediatric population. We searched relevant databases (2008–2018) and identified 56 articles, of which 39 were suitable to be included, basing on inclusion criteria (observational; defined breakfast skipping; weight and/or metabolic outcomes). Overall, 286,804 children and adolescents living in 33 countries were included. The definitions of OW/OB, skipping breakfast, and the nutrient assessment were highly heterogeneous. Confounding factors were reported infrequently. The prevalence of skipping breakfast ranged 10–30%, with an increasing trend in adolescents, mainly in girls. Skipping breakfast was associated with OW/OB in the 94.7% of the subjects. The lack of association was shown mainly in infants. Moreover, 16,130 subjects were investigated for cardiometabolic outcomes. Skipping breakfast was associated with a worse lipid profile, blood pressure levels, insulin-resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Five studies reported a lower quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review supports skipping breakfast as an easy marker of the risk of OW/OB and metabolic diseases, whether or not it is directly involved in causality. We encourage intervention studies using standardized and generalizable indicators. Data on confounders, time of fasting, chronotypes, and nutrition quality are needed to establish the best practice for using it as a tool for assessing obesity risk.

scholarly journals Breakfast Skipping, Weight, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Nutrition Quality in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled and Intervention Longitudinal Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
Roberta Ricotti ◽  
Marina Caputo ◽  
Alice Monzani ◽  
Stella Pigni ◽  
Valentina Antoniotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Intervention Trials

Breakfast skipping increases with age, and an association with a high risk of being overweight (OW) and of obesity (OB), cardiometabolic risk, and unhealthy diet regimen has been demonstrated in observational studies with children and adults. Short-term intervention trials in adults reported conflicting results. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of breakfast skipping with body weight, metabolic features, and nutrition quality in the groups of young people that underwent randomized controlled (RCT) or intervention longitudinal trials lasting more than two months. We searched relevant databases (2000–2021) and identified 584 articles, of which 16 were suitable for inclusion. Overall, 50,066 children and adolescents were included. No studies analyzed cardiometabolic features. Interventions were efficacious in reducing breakfast skipping prevalence when multi-level approaches were used. Two longitudinal studies reported a high prevalence of OW/OB in breakfast skippers, whereas RCTs had negligible effects. Ten studies reported a lower-quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review provides insight into the fact that breakfast skipping is a modifiable marker of the risk of OW/OB and unhealthy nutritional habits in children and adolescents. Further long-term multi-level intervention studies are needed to investigate the relationship between breakfast, nutrition quality, chronotypes, and cardiometabolic risk in youths.

scholarly journals Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Heo ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013 to 2018. A total of 21,193 (9022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.27). Conclusions The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Heo ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background: The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013-2018. A total of 21,193 (9,022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results: A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.27). Conclusions: The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Breakfast Characteristics and Its Association with Daily Micronutrients Intake in Children and Adolescents–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Natalia Giménez-Legarre ◽  
María L. Miguel-Berges ◽  
Paloma Flores-Barrantes ◽  
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías ◽  
Luis A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Breakfast is an important source of key nutrients in the diet. For this reason, the aim of this review was to investigate the associations between breakfast consumption and daily micronutrients intake in both children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years). A peer-reviewed systematic search was conducted in three datasets (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) in February 2020 in English and Spanish. Two independent reviewers evaluated 3188 studies considering the AXIS critical appraisal and PRISMA methodologies. Meta-analysis was carried out comparing results according to type of breakfast consumed (Ready to eat cereals (RTEC) breakfast or other types of breakfast) and breakfast skipping. Thirty-three articles were included in the systematic review (SR) and 7 in the meta-analysis. In the SR, we observed that those children and adolescents who usually consume RTEC at breakfast had a higher consumption of B-vitamins than those not consuming RTEC at breakfast. Breakfast consumers had a higher mineral intake (iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and iodine) than breakfast skippers. In the Meta-Analysis, RTEC consumers had significantly higher vitamin C intake than breakfast skippers (Standard Mean Difference (SMD), −4.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): −5.09, −3.16). Furthermore, those children who usually consume breakfast had significantly higher daily intake of calcium than breakfast skippers (SMD, −7.03; 95%CI: −9.02, −5.04). Our review proposes that breakfast consumption seems to be associated with higher daily micronutrients intake than breakfast skippers.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Khan ◽  
Setor Kunutsor ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Rajiv Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Vitamin D status may influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Several studies have assessed vitamin D in relationship with metabolic outcomes; however, results remain inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis using multiple databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE), was performed up to 10 August 2012. Prospective studies reporting association of circulating or dietary vitamin D with incident T2D, MetS and IR outcomes were included. Relative risks (RR) were pooled using random effects and subgroup analysis by pertinent study-level characteristics was performed. A total of seventeen articles based on eighteen unique prospective studies, and comprising 210 107 participants with 15 899 metabolic events, collected during a median follow up of 10 years (range 3–22 years), were included. RR for individuals in top v. bottom thirds of baseline vitamin D were 0·81 (95% CI 0·71, 0·92); 0·86 (95% CI 0·80, 0·92); and 0·84 (95% CI 0·64, 1·12) for T2D, MetS and IR outcomes, respectively. Moderate heterogeneity was found between fourteen studies (I2 = 67%, P < 0·001) reporting on T2D. Findings were generally consistent across various study-level characteristics. In conclusion, vitamin D status at baseline in apparently healthy adults is inversely associated with future risks of T2D and MetS. Interventions aimed at maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D in addition to preventing deficiency may be a useful preventive measure for metabolic diseases. However, reliable evidence from carefully designed intervention studies, particularly those based on healthy populations, is needed to confirm observational findings.

scholarly journals Breakfast skipping and cognitive and emotional engagement at school: A cross-sectional population level study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hero Moller ◽  
Alanna Sincovich ◽  
Tess Gregory ◽  
Lisa Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract Objective: Research on the consequences of breakfast skipping among students tends to focus on academic outcomes, rather than student wellbeing or engagement at school. This study investigated the association between breakfast skipping and cognitive and emotional aspects of school engagement. Design: Cross-sectional study using data from a population level survey of children and adolescents’ wellbeing and engagement at school. Linear regression with adjustment for confounders was used to estimate the effect of breakfast skipping on school engagement. Setting: Government schools (i.e. public schools) in South Australia. Participants: The participants were students, Grades 4 to 12, who completed the Wellbeing and Engagement Collection in 2019. The analysis sample included 61,825 students. Results: 9.6% of students reported always skipping breakfast, with 35.4% sometimes skipping, and 55.0% never skipping. In the adjusted linear regression models, children and adolescents who always skipped breakfast reported lower levels of cognitive engagement (β = −0.26 (95% CI −0.29, −0.25)), engagement with teachers (β = −0.17 (95% CI −0.18, −0.15)), and school climate (β = −0.17 (95% CI −0.19, −0.15)), compared to those who never skipped breakfast, after controlling for age, gender, health, sleep, sadness and worries, parental education, socioeconomic status, and geographical remoteness. Conclusion: Consistent with our hypothesis, skipping breakfast was associated with lower cognitive and emotional engagement, which could be due to mechanisms such as short-term energy supply and long term health impacts. Therefore, decreasing the prevalence of breakfast skipping could have a positive impact on school engagement.

scholarly journals Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Heo ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background: The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013-2018. A total of 21,193 (9,022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results: A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.27). Conclusions: The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

Best practice dietetic management of overweight and obese children and adolescents: a 2010 update of a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 190-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Ho ◽  
Megan E Jensen ◽  
Tracy Burrows ◽  
Melinda Neve ◽  
Sarah P Garnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Obese Children
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