scholarly journals A Randomized Feeding Trial of Iron-Biofortified Beans on School Children in Mexico

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
Saurabh Mehta ◽  
Salvador Villalpando ◽  
Veronica Mundo-Rosas ◽  
Sarah Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
And Control

Iron deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide, with the highest burden among children. The objective of this randomized efficacy feeding trial was to determine the effects of consuming iron-biofortified beans (Fe-Beans) on the iron status in children, compared to control beans (Control-Beans). A cluster-randomized trial of biofortified beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L), bred to enhance iron content, was conducted over 6 months. The participants were school-aged children (n = 574; 5–12 years), attending 20 rural public boarding schools in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Double-blind randomization was conducted at the school level; 20 schools were randomized to receive either Fe-Beans (n = 10 schools, n = 304 students) or Control-Beans (n = 10 schools, n = 366 students). School administrators, children, and research and laboratory staff were blinded to the intervention group. Iron status (hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron (TBI), inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP) and -1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)), and anthropometric indices for individuals were evaluated at the enrollment and at the end of the trial. The hemoglobin concentrations were adjusted for altitude, and anemia was defined in accordance with age-specific World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (i.e., Hb <115 g/L for <12 years and Hb <120 g/L for 12 years). Serum ferritin concentrations were adjusted for inflammation using BRINDA methods, and iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin at less than 15.0 µg/L. Total body iron was calculated using Cook’s equation. Mixed models were used to examine the effects of Fe-Beans on hematological outcomes, compared to Control-Beans, adjusting for the baseline indicator, with school as a random effect. An analysis was conducted in 10 schools (n = 269 students) in the Fe-Beans group and in 10 schools (n = 305 students) in the Control-Beans group that completed the follow-up. At baseline, 17.8% of the children were anemic and 11.3% were iron deficient (15.9%, BRINDA-adjusted). A total of 6.3% of children had elevated CRP (>5.0 mg/L), and 11.6% had elevated AGP (>1.0 g/L) concentrations at baseline. During the 104 days when feeding was monitored, the total mean individual iron intake from the study beans (Fe-bean group) was 504 mg (IQR: 352, 616) over 68 mean feeding days, and 295 mg (IQR: 197, 341) over 67 mean feeding days in the control group (p < 0.01). During the cluster-randomized efficacy trial, indicators of iron status, including hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and total body iron concentrations improved from the baseline to endline (6 months) in both the intervention and control groups. However, Fe-Beans did not significantly improve the iron status indicators, compared to Control-Beans. Similarly, there were no significant effects of Fe-Beans on dichotomous outcomes, including anemia and iron deficiency, compared to Control-Beans. In this 6-month cluster-randomized efficacy trial of iron-biofortified beans in school children in Mexico, indicators of iron status improved in both the intervention and control groups. However, there were no significant effects of Fe-Beans on iron biomarkers, compared to Control-Beans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03835377.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Status in Children with Autism Spectral Disorder: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Prakash ◽  
Rekha Kumari ◽  
Niska Sinha ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Poonam Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ferritin Iron ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Iron is an important factor in neural development. Iron Deficiency (ID) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) anaemia is highly prevalent in patients of autism. There are a very small number of studies to show association between iron profile and autism. Aim: To investigate factors affecting iron status such as hemoglobin (%), serum iron, ferritin, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) level in children with Autism Spectral Disorder (ASD) and healthy control. Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study done from April 2018 to April 2019. Total 100 participants were recruited of which 50 autistic patients were taken as cases, and 50 healthy subjects were taken as control. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to evaluate the severity of autistic symptoms. Cut-off value of serum ferritin was <10 ng/mL for preschoolers (<6 years) and <12 ng/mL for school-aged (>6 years) children to evaluate ID. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <11.0 g/dL for preschoolers and <12.0 g/dL for school-aged categorical variables and were compared by using chi-square test. Normally distributed parametric variables were compared between groups by using independent samples t-test. Serum ferritin, iron, TIBC values were compared between severe, mild-moderate and control groups with ANOVA. The p-value <0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant. Results: Mean serum levels of ferritin iron TIBC were significantly reduced in ASD patients (p<0.001). The level of haemoglobin was also lower in ASD patients but it was not significant. Risk of ID and IDA was higher than normal subjects (RR for ID 1.74). Level of serum ferritin, iron and TIBC was lowest in severe autism as compared to mild-moderate autism and control groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest iron and ferritin levels should be measured in autistic patients as a baseline investigation and it may be used as a screening test for ASD.

scholarly journals Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and total body iron for the detection of iron deficiency in early pregnancy: a multiethnic population-based study with low use of iron supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe-Lise Næss-Andresen ◽  
Åse Ruth Eggemoen ◽  
Jens Petter Berg ◽  
Ragnhild Sørum Falk ◽  
Anne Karen Jenum
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhich blood-based indicator best reflects the iron status in pregnant women is unclear. Better assessments of iron status in today's multiethnic populations are needed to optimize treatment and clinical recommendations.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL in first and <10.5 g/dL in second trimester) and iron deficiency (ID) by the iron indicators serum ferritin <15 µg/L, serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) >4.4 mg/L, and calculated total body iron <0 mg/kg, and their associations with ethnicity.MethodsThis was a population-based cross-sectional study from primary antenatal care of 792 healthy women in early pregnancy in Oslo, Norway. We categorized the women into 6 ethnic groups: Western European, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Sub-Saharan African, East Asian, and Eastern European.ResultsAnemia was found in 5.9% of women (Western Europeans: 1.8%; non-Western: 0–14%, P < 0.05). ID from ferritin was found in 33% (Western Europeans: 15%; non-Western: 27–55%, P < 0.05). ID from sTfR was found in 6.5% (Western Europeans: 0.3%; non-Western: 0–20%, P < 0.01). Calculated total body iron indicated ID in 11% (Western Europeans: 0.6%, non-Western: 7.0–28%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of ID was significantly higher by all measures in South Asian, Sub-Saharan African, and Middle Eastern than in Western European women, and the ethnic differences persisted after adjusting for confounders. South Asians, Sub-Saharan Africans, and Middle Easterners had lower iron concentrations by all measures for all hemoglobin intervals. Anemia related to ID varied from 35% (sTfR) to 46% (total body iron) and 72% (ferritin) depending on the iron indicator used.ConclusionsWomen at the highest risk of ID and anemia were of South Asian, Middle Eastern, and Sub-Saharan African origin. The prevalence of ID differed considerably depending on the iron indicator used.

Iron and Hematological Status among Adolescent Athletes Tracked through Puberty

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Noreen D. Willows ◽  
Susan K. Grimston ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
David A. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

This study assessed change in hematological status among physically active children as they progressed through puberty. Values for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all stages of puberty were within the normal range of reference values. Significant changes in serum ferritin were not detected in the different pubertal stages, although serum ferritin was highest in prepubertal boys and girls. There were no significant differences in marginal or deficient iron stores between the sexes at any pubertal stage, suggesting that gender was not predisposing for iron deficiency; however, girls had a greater overall incidence for both measures. With more children under consideration, these trends may have reached significance. Boys in TS4 and TS5 had higher hemoglobin and hematocrit compared with earlier stages of puberty, and compared with girls at the same stages of puberty. This can be explained by testosterone production in boys. Among girls, pubertal progression had no significant effect on hemoglobin or hematocrit. In the absence of controls, there was no direct evidence that involvement in sports had an adverse effect on iron status.

Serum ferritin and body iron status after gastric operations

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divid A. Lloyd ◽  
Leslie S. Valberg
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Body Iron

scholarly journals Is Iron Deficiency a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression? A Case-Control Study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Samar Hameed ◽  
Ihab A. Naser ◽  
Mohamed A. Ghussein ◽  
Mohammed S. Ellulu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period. Design: This is a Case-Control study. Setting: Governmental primary health care centers in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Participants: This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the Cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥10. The Control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS <10). Body iron status represented by the index of sTfR/log Ferritin. Results: Among PPD mothers, 43.3% had low ferritin level vs. 15.3% for controls (P<0.001) and cases vs. controls difference in mean hemoglobin level was -0.61 (95% C.I -0.86, -0.35). The results of the Multiple Logistic Regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3.25; p = 0.015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are; absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8.54; p = 0.001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1.77; p = 0.034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of. reverse causality may worsen the condition.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Anemic Patients: A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Kumar Mishra ◽  
Surendra Marasini ◽  
Badri Kumar Gupta ◽  
Krishna Kumar Agrawal ◽  
Narayan Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Medical History

Introduction: In developing countries like Nepal, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the major concern. The high rate incidence has been related to insufficient  iron  intake, accompanied  by chronic  intestinal  blood  loss  due  to parasitic  and  malarial infections. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of IDA in anemic patients of Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), South Western region, Nepal. Material and Method It was a hospital based cross sectional study comprised of 100 anemic patients. Their detailed medical history and lab investigations, focusing on hematological parameters were documented. Peripheral smear examination and serum ferritin estimation were done to observe red cell morphology and iron status respectively.  Results: This study revealed that out of 100 anemic patients, 35% were that of IDA. The most affected age group was 21-40 years with frequency 42.55%. IDA was more common in females (42.85%) than in male (21.62%). Out of 100 anemic patients, microcytic hypochromic anemia was predominant in 47% followed by macrocytic anemia (31%) and then normocytic normochromic anemia (22%). Out of 47 microcytic hypochromic anemic patients, 12 had normal serum ferritin. There was a statistical significant difference in Hb (p=0.011), MCV (p=0.0001), MCH (p=0.0001), MCHC (p=0.0001) and serum ferritin (p=0.0001) among all types of anemia. There was a statistical significant positive correlation of ferritin with Hemoglobin (0.257, p= 0.01), MCV (0.772, p= 0.0001), MCH (0.741, p=0.0001) and MCHC (0.494, p=0.0001).  Conclusion: The peripheral smear in conjunction with serum ferritin estimation needs to be included for susceptible individuals to screen the IDA and other types of anemia. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and pattern of Iron deficiency in patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aditya Mahaseth ◽  
Jay Narayan Shah ◽  
Bikash Nepal ◽  
Biplave Karki ◽  
Jeet Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Background and Objectives: Iron Deficiency is the commonest nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting more than one-third of the population, its association with Heart Failure with or without anemia is of growing interest. As iron supplementation improves prognosis in patients with Heart Failure, Iron Deficiency is an attractive therapeutic target – a hypothesis that has recently been tested in clinical studies. This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction patients with or without anemia. Material and methods: It was a single center hospital based cross sectional observational study. A total of 60 male and female patients with diagnosis of heart failure based on the Framingham Criteria, who gave consent for the study were included. They underwent laboratory evaluation including hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, transferrin saturation percentage, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity. Serum ferritin <100 μg/l was used to diagnose absolute ID. Functional ID was defined as a serum ferritin level of 100–300 μg/l and a transferrin saturation of <20 %. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dl for males and <12 g/dl for females, based on World Health Organization definition. Results: Using the above definitions iron deficiency was found in 28 (46.67%) patients. 36.67% patients had absolute iron deficiency and 10% patients had functional iron deficiency. Females had a higher non statistically significant iron deficiency than males 63.16% vs 39.02%. 15 patients (48.38%) with iron deficiency did not have anemia, and 11 (35.5%) of those patients had absolute iron deficiency. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction irrespective of anemia and hemoglobin levels. Many of those patients can have functional iron deficiency. Measurement of iron status should be a routine during workup of heart failure patients and further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of iron status measurement and the influences of treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure patients. Many such trials are now underway.  

scholarly journals Iron Status in Hypogammaglobulinemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 838-841
Author(s):  
Hasan I Atrah
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
The State ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Igg

Iron, transferrin and ferritin were measured in serum samples from 16 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. Transferrin saturation was low in 12 patients (75%) and serum ferritin was low in 9 patients (56.25%). Both parameters were low, confirming the state of iron deficiency, in 6 patients (37.5%). These figures are highly significant ( P < 0.01) when compared with the prevalence of iron deficiency in the general population. Eight patients were maintained on intravenous immunoglobulin infusions and the rest on intramuscular immunoglobulin injections, their mean serum IgG being 4.4 g/l and 2.6 g/l respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency between the two groups.

Body iron status in critically ill patients: significance of serum ferritin

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bobbio-Pallavicini ◽  
G. Verde ◽  
P. Spriano ◽  
R. Losi ◽  
M. G. Bosatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Body Iron
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