scholarly journals Human Tongue Electrophysiological Response to Oleic Acid and Its Associations with PROP Taster Status and the CD36 Polymorphism (rs1761667)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Sollai ◽  
Melania Melis ◽  
Mariano Mastinu ◽  
Danilo Pani ◽  
Piero Cosseddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Taste System ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Potential Variation ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

The perception of fat varies among individuals and has also been associated with CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism and genetic ability to perceive oral marker 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Nevertheless, data in the literature are controversial. We present direct measures for the activation of the peripheral taste system in response to oleic acid by electrophysiological recordings from the tongue of 35 volunteers classified for PROP taster status and genotyped for CD36. The waveform of biopotentials was analyzed and values of amplitude and rate of potential variation were measured. Oleic acid stimulations evoked positive monophasic potentials, which represent the summated voltage change consequent to the response of the stimulated taste cells. Bio-electrical measurements were fully consistent with the perceived intensity during stimulation, which was verbally reported by the volunteers. ANOVA revealed that the amplitude of signals was directly associated, mostly in the last part of the response, with the CD36 genotypes and PROP taster status (which was directly associated with the density of papillae). The rate of potential variation was associated only with CD36, primarily in the first part of the response. In conclusion, our results provide direct evidence of the relationship between fat perception and rs1761667 polymorphism of the CD36 gene and PROP phenotype.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Responses from the Human Tongue to the Six Taste Qualities and Their Relationships with PROP Taster Status

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Melania Melis ◽  
Giorgia Sollai ◽  
Mariano Mastinu ◽  
Danilo Pani ◽  
Piero Cosseddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Quality ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Gustatory System ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Relationship

Taste buds containing receptor cells that primarily detect one taste quality provide the basis for discrimination across taste qualities. The molecular receptor multiplicity and the interactions occurring between bud cells encode information about the chemical identity, nutritional value, and potential toxicity of stimuli before transmitting signals to the hindbrain. PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) tasting is widely considered a marker for individual variations of taste perception, dietary preferences, and health. However, controversial data have been reported. We present measures of the peripheral gustatory system activation in response to taste qualities by electrophysiological recordings from the tongue of 39 subjects classified for PROP taster status. The waveform of the potential variation evoked depended on the taste quality of the stimulus. Direct relationships between PROP sensitivity and electrophysiological responses to taste qualities were found. The largest and fastest responses were recorded in PROP super-tasters, who had the highest papilla density, whilst smaller and slower responses were found in medium tasters and non-tasters with lower papilla densities. The intensities perceived by subjects of the three taster groups correspond to their electrophysiological responses for all stimuli except NaCl. Our results show that each taste quality can generate its own electrophysiological fingerprint on the tongue and provide direct evidence of the relationship between general taste perception and PROP phenotype.

scholarly journals The relationship of oleic acid/albumin molar ratio and clinical outcomes in leptospirosis

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e06420
Author(s):  
Caroline Azevedo Martins ◽  
Maria Conceição B dos Santos ◽  
Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque ◽  
Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto ◽  
Mauro Velho Castro-Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Power Feedward Strategy of Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Direct Power Decoupling

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Chun Peng Fu ◽  
Yong Qiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Direct Power ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Grid Voltage ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Power Decoupling ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power Response

Take into account grid inverter that using direct power control is vulnerable to the disturbance of grid voltage, a control algorithm is proposed based on the relationship between the power and voltage, which is deduced according to the mathematic model of the inverter that using double-loop control strategy. The change amount of the output power of inverter is added to the reference of power closed-loop as power feedforward, which improves the dynamic response to the grid voltage change. Simulations with EMTDC/PSCAD are carried out and the comparison of output power response to grid voltage change between control with and without power feedforward verifies its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Enhancing GABAergic Tone in the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Reconfigures Sensorimotor Neural Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Sammons ◽  
Caroline E. Bass ◽  
Jonathan D. Victor ◽  
Patricia M. Di Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Rostral Nucleus ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTRecent work has shown that most cells in the rostral, gustatory portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) in awake, freely licking rats show lick-related firing. However, the relationship between taste-related and lick-related activity in rNTS remains unclear. Here, we tested if GABA-derived inhibitory activity regulates the balance of lick- and taste-driven neuronal activity. Combinatorial viral tools were used to restrict expression of ChR2-EYFP to GAD1+ GABAergic neurons. Viral infusions were bilateral in rNTS. 2-4wks later, an optical fiber attached to 8-16 drivable microwires was implanted into the rNTS. After recovery, water-deprived rats were presented with taste stimuli in an experimental chamber. Trials were 5 consecutive taste licks [NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, sucrose, MSG/IMP, citric acid, quinine, or artificial saliva (AS)] separated by 5 AS licks on a VR5 schedule. Each taste lick triggered a 1s train of laser light (25Hz; 473nm; 8-10mW) in a random half of the trials. In all, 113 cells were recorded in the rNTS, 50 responded to one or more taste stimuli without GABA enhancement. Selective changes in response magnitude (spike count) within cells shifted across unit patterns but preserved inter-stimulus relationships. Cells where enhanced GABAergic tone increased lick coherence conveyed more information distinguishing basic taste qualities and different salts than other cells. In addition, GABA activation significantly amplified the amount of information that discriminated palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. By dynamically regulating lick coherence and remodeling the across-unit response patterns to taste, enhancing GABAergic tone in rNTS reconfigures the neural activity reflecting sensation and movement.Significance StatementThe rostral nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) is the first structure in the central gustatory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings from the rNTS in awake, freely-licking animals show that cells in this area have lick- as well as taste-related activity, but the relationship between these characteristics is not well understood. Here, we showed evidence that GABA activation can dynamically regulate both of these two properties in rNTS cells to enhance the information conveyed, especially about palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. These data provide insights into the role of inhibitory activity in the rNTS.

Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurements: Variation in Meter Response

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459
Author(s):  
M. JEFFREY MAISELS ◽  
CHERYL LEE
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Potential Variation ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
The Relationship

The transcutaneous bilirubin meter has been shown to be a useful screening device for the identification of significant neonatal jaundice in full-term infants.1-3 Investigators have, nevertheless, emphasized the necessity for each institution to establish the relationship between the transcutaneous bilirubin index, as measured with a particular instrument, and the serum bilirubin determination obtained from the institution's laboratory. 3 This is important, because of the known variation between laboratories in the measurement of serum bilirubin concentration4 and because no information has been published regarding the potential variation in the response of different transcutaneous bilirubin meters.

Cisplatin-Induced Hyperactivity in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus and Its Relation to Outer Hair Cell Loss: Relevance to Tinnitus

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Kaltenbach ◽  
John D. Rachel ◽  
T. Alecia Mathog ◽  
Jinsheng Zhang ◽  
Pamela R. Falzarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Basal Half ◽  
The Relationship

Cisplatin causes both acute and chronic forms of tinnitus as well as increases in spontaneous neural activity (hyperactivity) in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of hamsters. It has been hypothesized that the induction of hyperactivity in the DCN may be a consequence of cisplatin's effects on cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs); however, systematic studies testing this hypothesis have yet to appear in the literature. In the present investigation, the relationship between hyperactivity and OHC loss, induced by cisplatin, was examined in detail. Hamsters received five treatments of cisplatin at doses ranging from 1.5 to 3 mg · kg−1 · day−1, every other day. Beginning 1 mo after initiation of treatment, electrophysiological recordings were carried out on the surface of the DCN to measure spontaneous multiunit activity along a set of coordinates spanning the medial-lateral (tonotopic) axis of the DCN. After recordings, cochleas were removed and studied histologically using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that cisplatin-treated animals with little or no loss of OHCs displayed levels of activity similar to those seen in saline-treated controls. In contrast, the majority (75%) of cisplatin-treated animals with severe OHC loss displayed well-developed hyperactivity in the DCN. The induced hyperactivity was seen mainly in the medial (high-frequency) half of the DCN of treated animals. This pattern was consistent with the observation that OHC loss was distributed mainly in the basal half of the cochlea. In several of the animals with severe OHC loss and hyperactivity, there was no significant damage to IHC stereocilia nor any observable irregularities of the reticular lamina that might have interfered with normal IHC function. Hyperactivity was also observed in the DCN of animals showing severe losses of OHCs accompanied by damage to IHCs, although the degree of hyperactivity in these animals was less than in animals with severe OHC loss but intact IHCs. These results support the view that loss of OHC function may be a trigger of tinnitus-related hyperactivity in the DCN and suggest that this hyperactivity may be somewhat offset by damage to IHCs.

A Critical Analysis of Functional Assessment: Issues for Researchers and Practitioners

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gable
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Behavior Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

This article addresses the use of an analytical approach to making treatment decisions known as functional assessment. The usefulness of functional assessment with students with emotional/behavioral disorders is predicated on the assumption that the effectiveness of treatment increases if it matches the function of the target behavior(s). Discussion covers both indirect and direct measures of the relationship between the target behavior and variables that may be maintaining the behavior. Strategies for selecting and verifying hypothesis-driven treatment decisions are presented. In that the accumulated research has failed to dislodge some stumbling blocks to the use of functional assessment, several methodological solutions are offered for researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals The relationship of the oleic acid level and ECHDC3 mRNA expression with the extent of coronary lesion

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mychelle Kytchia Rodrigues Nunes Duarte ◽  
Jéssica Nayara Góes de Araújo ◽  
Victor Hugo Rezende Duarte ◽  
Katiene Macêdo de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Marinho de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Coronary Lesion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A note on the relationship between the rate of machine-milking and milk production of Ayrshire heifers

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

SUMMARYRecords of milking rate, milk yield and milk composition were collected over 12 yr from 123 Ayrshire heifers in their first lactation in one herd. Three direct measures of milking rate, i.e. peak flow rate, machine rate and overall rate were closely correlated and each was also correlated with total lactation yield of milk. Milking rate accounted for only a very small part of the variation in fat and total solids percentages. The mean yield of milk per milking in early lactation was a better predictor of total lactation yield than was milking rate but, among animals giving the same early lactation yield of milk, the faster milkers gave higher lactation yields than the slower milkers.

Influence of Spectators' Identification on Evaluation of the Past, Present, and Future Performance of a Sports Team

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Wann ◽  
Thomas J. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

This is a report of a study designed to test the prediction that persons high in identification with a sports team would be more biased in their evaluations of that team than persons low in identification. The hypothesis was supported for memory and predictions of team records as well as for direct measures of past, present, and future team evaluations. Discussion focussed on the motivational processes underlying the relationship.

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