scholarly journals Soil Zinc Is Associated with Serum Zinc But Not with Linear Growth of Children in Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Tessema ◽  
Hugo De Groote ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Edith J.M. Feskens ◽  
Tefera Belachew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Soil Zinc

To our knowledge, the relationships among soil zinc, serum zinc and children’s linear growth have not been studied geographically or at a national level in any country. We use data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS) (n = 1776), which provided anthropometric and serum zinc (n = 1171) data on children aged 6–59 months. Soil zinc levels were extracted for each child from the digital soil map of Ethiopia, developed by the Africa Soil Information Service. Children’s linear growth was computed using length/height and age converted into Z-scores for height-for-age. Multi-level mixed linear regression models were used for the analysis. Nationally, 28% of children aged 6–59 months were zinc deficient (24% when adjusted for inflammation) and 38% were stunted. Twenty percent of households in the ENMS were located on zinc-deficient soils. Soil zinc (in mg/kg) was positively associated with serum zinc (in µg/dL) (b = 0.9, p = 0.020) and weight-for-height-Z-score (b = 0.05, p = 0.045) but linear growth was not associated with soil zinc (p = 0.604) or serum zinc (p = 0.506) among Ethiopian preschool children. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether there are causal links between soil and human zinc status.

scholarly journals Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry GLI references in schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Mozun ◽  
Cristina Ardura-Garcia ◽  
Eva S. L. Pedersen ◽  
Jakob Usemann ◽  
Florian Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractBackgroundReferences from the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) are widely used to interpret children’s spirometry results. We assessed fit for healthy schoolchildren.MethodsLuftiBus in the school (LUIS) is a population-based cross-sectional study done from 2013-2016 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Parents and children aged 6-17 years answered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms and lifestyle. Children underwent spirometry in a mobile lung function lab. We calculated GLI-based z-scores for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 for healthy White participants. We defined appropriate fit to GLI references by mean values ±0.5 z-scores. We assessed if fit varied by age, body mass index, height, and sex using linear regression models.ResultsWe analysed data from 2036 children with valid FEV1 measurements of which 1762 also had valid FVC measurements. The median age was 12.2 years. Fit was appropriate for children aged 6-11 years for all indices. In adolescents aged 12-17 years, fit was appropriate for FEV1/FVC (mean: -0.09; SD: 1.02) z-scores, but not for FEV1 (mean: -0.62; SD: 0.98), FVC (mean: -0.60; SD: 0.98), and FEF25-75 (mean: -0.54; SD: 1.02). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores fitted better in children considered overweight (means: -0.25, -0.13, -0.38) than normal weight (means: -0.55, -0.50, -0.55; p-trend: <0.001, 0.014, <0.001). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores depended on both age and height (p interaction: 0.034, 0.019, <0.01).ConclusionGLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores do not fit White Swiss adolescents well. This should be considered when using reference equations for clinical decision making, research and international comparison.Take home messageOur study suggests GLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores over detect abnormal lung function in Swiss adolescents, and more so among slimmer adolescents, which has important implications for clinical care, research, and international comparisons.

scholarly journals The association between hypozincemia and aortic stenosis prevalence in hemodialysis patients: a single-center cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Matsui ◽  
Tomonaga Ameku ◽  
Daisuke Takada ◽  
Shinji Ono
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background Hypozincemia contributes to phosphate-induced vascular calcification in model animals of renal failure, but the association between hypozincemia and aortic stenosis (AS) prevalence in patients with end-stage kidney disease remains unreported in clinical settings. Methods To investigate the association between hypozincemia and AS prevalence in patients undergoing hemodialysis, we designed a single-center cross-sectional study. Our outcome “AS” was defined as prevalence of moderate or severe AS or surgical history for AS. Depending on serum zinc levels, we divided patients undergoing hemodialysis into deciles. The association between hypozincemia and AS prevalence was analyzed via logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, dialysis vintage, diabetes history, serum albumin, and history of taking calcium-containing phosphate binder. Results Ninety-three patients undergoing hemodialysis were eligible. The mean serum zinc level was 61.3 ± 13.9 μg/dL. Twelve patients who belonged to 1st decile had serum zinc levels ≤ 48 μg/dL. Of these twelve patients, six patients (50 %) had AS. On the other hand, of eighty one patients who belonged to 2nd–10th deciles (serum zinc levels > 48 μg/dL), thirteen patients (16 %) had AS. Hypozincemia (serum zinc levels ≤ 48 μg/dL) was associated with AS prevalence (P = 0.038; odds ratio 4.43; 95% confidence interval 1.09–18.0). Conclusions AS was more prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis with severe hypozincemia in our cross-sectional study, although interventional studies are required to elucidate the benefit of zinc supplementation for AS progression.

scholarly journals Associations of Measured Smell Function with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Measures: Results from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (OR22-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Gallo ◽  
Laura Byham-Gray ◽  
Valerie Duffy ◽  
Howard Hoffman ◽  
John Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Smell Function

Abstract Objectives To assess the associations between smell function and adiposity and cardiometabolic measures in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods In the 2013–2014 NHANES, 3527 adults ≥40 years, completed the NHANES Taste and Smell Exam. Smell function was assessed with an 8-item odor identification test. Participants smelled and identified each odorant by selecting one of four descriptors. Smell impairment was defined as incorrect identification of ≥3 (of 8) odors. Survey-weighted linear regression models estimated cross-sectional associations of smell function with adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and cardiometabolic measures (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)). Models were adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, self-reported health status, smoking history, and income-poverty ratio, and stratified by sex and age group (40–64 years vs. ≥65 years). Results In US adults ≥40 years, smell function was significantly associated with several adiposity and cardiometabolic measures in adjusted models, with significant interactions by sex and age. Compared to normal smell, smell impairment was significantly associated with higher BMI [β = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 5.4)] and WC [β = 5.0; 95% CI: 0.3, 9.8] among women <65 years; conversely among men ≥65 years, smell impairment associated with lower BMI [β = −1.6; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.01)]. In adults < 65 years, smell impairment was associated with lower FPG [β = −7.9; 95% CI: −13.0, −2.6] and triglyceride levels [β = −27.0; 95% CI: −51.0, −3.7], but this was only significant among men. In older men (≥65 years), smell impairment was positively associated with higher total cholesterol [β = 12.8; 95% CI: 7.4, 18.1] and LDL [β = 18.1; 95% CI: 9.1, 27.2] ; among older women however, smell impairment was inversely associated with both total [β = −15.0; 95% CI: −25.0, −5.7] and LDL cholesterol [β = −12.0; 95% CI: −25.0, 1.2)], and positively associated with FPG [β = 15.6; 95% CI:1.5, 29.7]. No significant associations were observed with SBP or DBP. Conclusions In adults ≥ 40 years, smell impairment is associated with adiposity measures, and glucose and lipid levels, with differential associations by age and sex. Funding Sources Rutgers University, NJ.

scholarly journals Lung function: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Welsh ◽  
Gayan Kathriachchige ◽  
Tahmeed Raheem ◽  
Anneke C Grobler ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of lung function in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents, and explore the degree of intergenerational concordance.DesignCross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns, February 2015 to March 2016. Families unable to attend a clinic appointment were offered a home visit during the same period.Participants1874 families (53% of all eligible) participated in the study. Lung function data were available for 1759 children aged 11–12 years and 1774 parents (1668 biological pairs).Outcome measuresParticipants completed spirometry with measures including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid expiratory flow (MEF), converted to z-scores using Global Lung Initiative equations. Parent–child concordance was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsAll lung function measures followed approximately normal distributions. Mean (SD) for FEV1, FVC and MEF z-scores in children were 0.33 (1.07), 0.83 (1.14) and −0.48 (1.09), respectively. Mean (SD) in parents were 0.28 (1.10), 0.85 (1.15) and −0.45 (1.10), respectively. Parent FEV1, FVC and MEF were associated with child lung function with significant positive correlation coefficients (0.22, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.26; 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29; and 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29, respectively).ConclusionsMean lung volumes were larger but with smaller airway size than international standards for both parents and children in this population sample. Modest associations between parent and child lung function highlight the potential for better identification of ‘at risk’ populations. Therefore, these findings may aid the development of health policy that aims to prevent the onset or limit the progression of lung disease.

scholarly journals Television viewing and variations in energy intake in adults and children in the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B Sisson ◽  
Stephanie T Broyles ◽  
Candace Robledo ◽  
Lindsay Boeckman ◽  
Misti Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveExamine the association between energy intake and television (TV) viewing in Americans.DesignNationally representative, cross-sectional study of 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SettingTotal energy intake was determined by two 24 h recalls. TV viewing was reported as low (≤1 h/d), middle (2–3 h/d), and high (≥4 h/d). Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse TV viewing and energy intake, adjusted for BMI (percentile for children 2–18 years), age, ethnicity and physical activity.SubjectsPre-school children (2–5 years;n1369), school-age children (6–11 years;n1759), adolescents (12–18 years;n3233) and adults (≥19 years;n7850) in the USA.ResultsThere was a significant association between TV viewing and energy intake for adolescent girls (highv. low:β= 195·2,P= 0·03) and men (highv. low:β= −113·0,P= 0·02; middlev. low:β= −131·1,P= 0·0002). Mean adjusted energy intake for adolescent girls was 7801·0, 8088·5 and 8618·2 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing, respectively. Mean adjusted energy intake for men was 9845·9, 9297·2 and 9372·8 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing.ConclusionsTV viewing was associated with energy intake in US children and adults only in 12–18-year-old girls and men. For girls, the high TV viewing category consumed more energy daily (816·3 kJ (195 kcal)) than the low category. In men, the middle and high TV viewing categories consumed less energy daily (548·4 kJ (131 kcal) and 473·0 kJ (113 kcal), respectively) than the low category. Our findings support some, but not all previous research. Future research is needed to explore this complicated relationship with rigorous measures of energy intake and TV viewing.

scholarly journals Nutritional stunting in Egypt: which nutrient is responsible?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
S. A. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Abdel Maksoud ◽  
M. F. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

We looked at the relationship between linear growth retardation and deficiencies of certain nutrients in Egyptian children. A group of 107 stunted children aged between 10 and 18 years were subjected to history-taking, physical examination and laboratory investigations. Selected cases were referred to radiology for assessment of bone age. Thirty-nine children were enrolled as controls. Serum haemoglobin, alpha-tocopherol, retinol and magnesium levels were significantly decreased in stunted children compared with the controls. Serum zinc levels were also lower in the stunted group but not significantly so. We conclude that several nutrient deficiencies occur simultaneously in stunted children and all of them may be responsible for stunting.

scholarly journals Child Growth During the First 1000 Days of Life in Lebanon: Sex of the Child Matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 958-958
Author(s):  
Rana Chehab ◽  
Michele Forman ◽  
Lara Nasreddine
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Council ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American University ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives The study examines the relation between sociodemographic, maternal, and child characteristics and sex-specific anthropometric status of children using a hierarchical conceptual framework. Methods A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of mothers and children aged ≤5 years was conducted in Lebanon. This analysis focuses on children aged 4 months-2 years (n=406) stratified by child's sex. Multiple linear regression models were fitted for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) applying a hierarchical conceptual framework with variables at distal, intermediate and proximal levels. Results Overall, means ± SD for LAZ, WAZ and WLZ were: −0.24 ± 1.4, 0.46 ± 1.1 and 0.75 ± 1.2 among boys and −0.08 ± 1.2, 0.41 ± 0.96 and 0.63 ± 1.0 among girls, respectively. At the distal level, maternal and paternal attainment of university degrees were respectively associated with higher LAZ (B: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.5) and lower WLZ (B: −0.62, 95% CI: −1.2, −0.09) among boys. On the other hand, higher crowding index was associated with lower LAZ (B: −0.64, 95% CI: −1.14, −0.13) while maternal employment was associated with higher WAZ (B: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.67) among girls. At the intermediate level, higher maternal BMI was associated with lower LAZ (B: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.00) and higher WLZ (B: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) among girls. Taller mothers were more likely to have boys and girls with higher LAZ (B: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09 for both) and girls with higher WAZ (B: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.05). Among the proximal factors, longer boys and girls at birth had higher WAZ (B: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.12 and B: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.092, respectively). Breastfeeding for 4 months or more was associated with lower WAZ (B: −0.54, 95% CI: −0.83, −0.24) and WLZ (B: −0.33, 95% CI: −0.62, −0.03) among girls. Conclusions Differentdistal, intermediate, and proximal factors were associated with sex-specific anthropometric indicators in Lebanon. Future research should account for sex differences using similar frameworks to inform interventions to improve child growth. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and the American University of Beirut Research Board.

scholarly journals Maternal intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during mid-pregnancy is inversely associated with linear growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hinai ◽  
A. Baylin ◽  
M. M. Tellez-Rojo ◽  
A. Cantoral ◽  
A. Ettinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractThis study investigates relations of maternal N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake during pregnancy with offspring body mass index (BMI), height z-score and metabolic risk (fasting glucose, C-peptide, leptin, lipid profile) during peripuberty (8–14 years) among 236 mother–child pairs in Mexico. We used food frequency questionnaire data to quantify trimester-specific intake of N-3 alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); N-6 linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (AA); and N-6:N-3 (AA:EPA+DHA), which accounts for the fact that the two PUFA families have opposing effects on physiology. Next, we used multivariable linear regression models that accounted for maternal education and parity, and child’s age, sex and pubertal status, to examine associations of PUFA intake with the offspring outcomes. In models where BMI z-score was the outcome, we also adjusted for height z-score. We found that higher second trimester intake of EPA, DHA and AA were associated with lower offspring BMI and height z-score. For example, each 1-s.d.increment in second trimester EPA intake corresponded with 0.25 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.47) z-scores lower BMI and 0.20 (0.05, 0.36) z-scores lower height. Accounting for height z-score in models where BMI z-score was the outcome attenuated estimates [e.g., EPA: −0.16 (−0.37, 0.05)], suggesting that this relationship was driven by slower linear growth rather than excess adiposity. Maternal PUFA intake was not associated with the offspring metabolic biomarkers. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA intake during mid-pregnancy is associated with lower attained height in offspring during peripuberty. Additional research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and to confirm findings in other populations.

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence and the association with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoo-yeon Lee ◽  
Yumie Rhee ◽  
Kui Son Choi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractThe objectives were to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its relationships with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean women from the Korean Study of Women’s Health Related Issues (K-Stori), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A total of 3000 women between 65 and 79 years were the final study subjects. We applied multiple linear regression models to analyze associations with depression, stress, and self-esteem levels in relation to UI types. Types of urinary incontinence included stress, urge, and mixed UI. UI affects at least one in two older Korean women (52.2%). The prevalences of SUI, UUI, and MUI were 45.7%, 39.6%, and 33.1%, respectively. UI was found to be adversely associated with depression, stress, and self-esteem: women with UI reported significantly higher levels of depression and stress and lower levels of self-esteem than those without UI. Women with MUI reported significantly greater impairment than the women with SUI or UUI. Our results provide an evidence base for the evaluation of mental health in older women with incontinence. The prioritization of UI detection and the identification of psychological factors may help improve the diagnosis and management of UI and potentially yield significant economic and psychosocial benefits.

scholarly journals FEBRILE SEIZURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
Nathumal Maheshwari ◽  
Om Perkash ◽  
Mehmood Shaikh ◽  
Bilawal Hingorjo ◽  
Yasmeen Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Objectives: To determine the serum zinc levels in children with simple febrileseizures reporting at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration: Department of Paediatrics, Layari General Hospital Shaheed MuhtramaBenazir Bhutto Medical College from January 2015 to February 2016. Methodology: A sampleof 120 children (60 cases and 60 controls) was selected through non- probability (purposivesampling) by pre defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 3 ml venous blood was taken from aperipheral vein. Blood was process, centrifuged and sera were used for the analysis of serumzinc. Data of cases and controls was analyzed on Statistix 10.0 software (USA). P-value of≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Age of controls and cases was notedas 13.68±8.74 and 15.75±9.11 months respectively and most common age group was 12 - 24months in the cases. Male children predominated. Means± SD serum zinc was 79.03±24.17and 62.82±14.66 in controls and cases respectively (P=0.0001). Low serum zinc was noted in66.6% of cases compared to 40% in controls (P=0.0001). Conclusion: We noted low serumzinc levels in children with febrile seizures which may provoke febrile seizures. Children with lowserum zinc levels are prone to febrile seizures. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document