scholarly journals Tributyrin in Inflammation: Does White Adipose Tissue Affect Colorectal Cancer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Amorim Biondo ◽  
Alexandre Abilio S. Teixeira ◽  
Loreana S. Silveira ◽  
Camila O. Souza ◽  
Raquel G. F. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, leading to loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alterations in adipokine secretion. Lower incidence of colorectal cancer is associated with increased fibre intake. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fibres that increase production of butyrate by the intestinal microbiota. Tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on colorectal cancer. Our aim was to characterise the effects of diets rich in FOS and tributyrin within the context of a colon carcinogenesis model, and characterise possible support of tumorigenesis by WAT. C57/BL6 male mice were divided into four groups: a control group (CT) fed with chow diet and three colon carcinogenesis-induced groups fed either with chow diet (CA), tributyrin-supplemented diet (BUT), or with FOS-supplemented diet. Colon carcinogenesis decreased adipose mass in subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal tissues, while also reducing serum glucose and leptin concentrations. However, it did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α in WAT. Additionally, the supplements did not revert the colon cancer affected parameters. The BUT group exhibited even higher glucose tolerance and levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α in WAT. To conclude our study, FOS and butyrate supplements were not beneficial. In addition, butyrate worsened adipose tissue inflammation.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolic Responses to Western Diet—Is There a Similarity between the Two?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Mazzoli ◽  
Maria Stefania Spagnuolo ◽  
Cristina Gatto ◽  
Martina Nazzaro ◽  
Rosa Cancelliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

Dietary fats and sugars were identified as risk factors for overweight and neurodegeneration, especially in middle-age, an earlier stage of the aging process. Therefore, our aim was to study the metabolic response of both white adipose tissue and brain in middle aged rats fed a typical Western diet (high in saturated fats and fructose, HFF) and verify whether a similarity exists between the two tissues. Specific cyto/adipokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin), critical obesity-inflammatory markers (haptoglobin, lipocalin), and insulin signaling or survival protein network (insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS), Akt, Erk) were quantified in epididymal white adipose tissue (e-WAT), hippocampus, and frontal cortex. We found a significant increase of TNF-α in both e-WAT and hippocampus of HFF rats, while the expression of haptoglobin and lipocalin was differently affected in the various tissues. Interestingly, adiponectin amount was found significantly reduced in e-WAT, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of HFF rats. Insulin signaling was impaired by HFF diet in e-WAT but not in brain. The above changes were associated with the decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptotagmin I and the increase in post-synaptic protein PSD-95 in HFF rats. Overall, our investigation supports for the first time similarities in the response of adipose tissue and brain to Western diet.

scholarly journals Estimation of Some Interleukins in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children with Meningitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2151-2155
Author(s):  
Entedhar R. Sarhat ◽  
Zubaidah N. M Albarzanji ◽  
Chateen I. Ali Pambuk
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Meningitis is often associated with cerebral compromise which may be responsible for neurological squeal in nearly half of the survivors. Little is known about the mechanisms of CNS involvement in bacterial meningitis. the current study was to analyze the clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein in children with meningitis (n=35) and compared with control subjects (n=28). Serum total protein, interleukine-6, IL-1 , IL-8, IL-10 , and, CRP, and TNF-α levels were found to be significantly high in study group, whereas serum glucose IL-10 levels were significantly low comparing with control group. Positive correlation was observed between IL-6with glucose , CRP , and IL-8 , also between IL-10 with protein , TNF with IL-8 ,and IL-1 with CRP . whereas there was negative correlation between IL-6 with protein , TNF , IL-1 , IL-10 , also between IL-1 with IL-8 ,between IL-10 with, and TNF , IL-10 with glucose . More studies performed in suitable models of meningitis are required in order to establish the routine use of inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of infectious diseases of the central nervous system

Regulation of microRNAs in Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Mechanistic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Muthusami ◽  
Ilangovan Ramachandran ◽  
Sneha Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Yuvaraj Sambandam ◽  
Satish Ramalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

: The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multi-stage process. The inflammation of the colon as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) is often regarded as the initial trigger for the development of CRC. Many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and several interleukins (ILs) are known to exert proinflammatory actions, and inflammation initiates or promotes tumorigenesis of various cancers, including CRC through differential regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). miRNAs can be oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or anti-oncomiRs/tumor suppressor miRNAs, and they play key roles during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of regulation of miRNAs involved in inflammation-associated CRC are still anecdotal and largely unknown. Consolidating the published results and offering perspective solutions to circumvent CRC, the current review is focused on the role of miRNAs and their regulation in the development of CRC. We have also discussed the model systems adapted by researchers to delineate the role of miRNAs in inflammation-associated CRC.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) DAN Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis PADA TIKUS WISTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Richard Fritzgerald ◽  
Cecilia Lunardhi ◽  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factors ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. LTA stimulates immunology reaction that produce Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß). TNF-α is a main mediator and also have an important role in inflamation response otherwise TGF-ß is working as a multifunction  regulator of cell growth and differentiation during reforming and remodelling.  Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, Group A (control negative) : normal tooth. Group B (control positive) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHI-b. Group C (treated group) : every tooth  was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU). The animals were sacrificed 21 days later and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry  followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α at treated group are higher than negative control and positive control but the expression of  TGF-ß at treated group are higher than the negative control group but lower than positive control. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß are changing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.

Effect of chronic exposure to monocrotophos on white adipose tissue in rats and its association with metabolic dyshomeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190-1199
Author(s):  
R Nagaraju ◽  
AKR Joshi ◽  
S Vamadeva ◽  
PS Rajini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Lipin 1 ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

Earlier, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to monocrotophos (MCP) elicits insulin resistance in rats along with increased white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. This study was carried out to delineate the biochemical and molecular changes in adipose tissues of rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg bw/d for 180 days). Pesticide-treated rats exhibited increased fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels were elevated, while adiponectin level was suppressed in plasma of treated rats. MCP treatment caused discernable increase in the weights of perirenal and epididymal WAT. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipin-1, and lipolytic activities were elevated in the WAT of MCP-treated rats. Corroborative changes were observed in the expression profile of proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and adipose tissue differentiation. Our results clearly demonstrate that long-term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs) such as MCP has far-reaching consequences on metabolic health as evidenced by the association of adipogenic outcomes with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, endocrine dysregulations, and dyslipidemia. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to OPI may be a risk factor for metabolic dysregulations.

scholarly journals Influence of iron sulfate on adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction in Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-763
Author(s):  
A A Tinkov ◽  
E V Popova ◽  
A A Nikonorov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Aim. To study the adipose tissue endocrine function at adipogenic effect development in Wistar rats on high-fat diet and increased iron intake with drinking water. Methods. Animals on standard and high-fat diets were administered 3 mg/l of iron sulfate with drinking water during 3 months. Levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha), leptin, adiponectin, serum glucose and insulin, as well as morphometric parameters and iron content in hair and adipose tissue were evaluated. Results. A significant increase in morphometric parameters, hair iron levels was observed in rats taking iron salts compared to the controls, with highest adipose tissue iron level in rats on high-fat diet. At the same time, serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha) and leptin was also higher in rats obtaining iron with drinking water compared to controls. Increased serum insulin level together with slightly elevated serum glucose level indicated insulin resistance development in rats on high-fat diet, fed with iron. Conclusion. The research shows that, on the one side, iron intake potentiates the adipogenic effect of high-fat diet, and on the other side, acting as a trigger for endocrine dysfunction formation (so called endocrine disruptor).

scholarly journals Gender features of the cytokine profile in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
L.M. Mosiychuk ◽  
O.M. Tatarchuk ◽  
O.P. Petishko
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

Background. Сhronic atrophic gastritis certainly remains an urgent problem of gastroenterology but data on sexual differences in the content of cytokines in this pathology are quite contradictory. The purpose of the study: to assess the gender chara­cteristics of the cytokine profile in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients with gastric atrophy, according to histological examination of biop­sies. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, men and women equally. In all patients, we have evaluated the levels of interleukins (IL-8, IL-10, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using appropriate reagent from Vector-BEST kits and the Stat Fax 303 Plus analyzer. Results. In men with chronic atrophic gastritis, there is a more pronounced imba­lance towards pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular the level of IL-18 is 1.7 times higher (p < 0.05) than in women. In 46.2 % of cases, the content of IL-8 was also elevated in men by 1.3 times (p > 0.05) compared to women. The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 does not have a significant gender difference in patients with precancerous conditions of the stomach. The median of IL-18/IL-10 ratio in men is 2 times higher than in women: 65.36 (21.67; 154.25) vs. 32.15 (12.76; 191.85) (p < 0. 05). In males, IL-8/IL-10 ratio is also 1.5 times higher, which is 2.25 (1.29; 7.68) vs. 1.49 (0.75; 9.78) but this difference was not statically significant. Serum content of VEGF in men exceeded the same indicator in women by 1.4 times (p < 0.05). Direct correlation between VEGF content and the levels of TNF-α (r = 0.47, p < 0.05), IL-8 (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), IL-18 (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) confirm the evidence of increased VEGF expression under the influence of many proangiogenic growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. With an increase in the level of IL-18 and VEGF by more than 30 %, men require dynamic monitoring for early detection of precancerous structural changes in the gastric mucosa.

Effect of Polysaccharide from Tricholoma Matsutake on TNF-α and IL-2

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5435-5438
Author(s):  
Tan Li ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Ming Yue Zhai ◽  
Ye Shen ◽  
Gang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Transcription ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group ◽  
Factor Alpha

The effects of the polysaccharide extracted from Tricholoma matsutake on the immune response of Sarcoma180 bearing mice were evaluated. Mice were treated with two doses of polysaccharideL-2(1,10mg/kgbodyweight) for 10 days. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-2(IL-2) in mice serum and TNF-α mRNA expression were determined. The concentration of TNF-α in serum increased significantly in two doses groups compared to the model control group, but IL-2 not. The level of TNF-α mRNA transcription increased significantly in two doses groups to the model control group. Results of these studies demonstrated the polysaccharide significantly promoted TNF-α production, immunity potentiating and anti-tumor effects of the polysaccharide were associated with its potentiation of TNF-α mRNA expression at the transcriptional level.

scholarly journals The Aging of Adipocytes Increases Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Chronologically

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Hongwei Si
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Standard Chow Diet ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Adipose tissue is a significant producer of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese and old individuals. However, there is no direct evidence of whether and how aged adipocytes enhance the production of pro-inflammatory markers. We aimed to investigate whether the aging adipocytes increase pro-inflammatory markers. Swiss mouse embryonic-tissue-derived 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes and maintained for 60 days in the conditioned medium or 35 days in the unconditioned medium. Additionally, 20-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet for 37 weeks until they were extremely aged, when ~75% of mice died because of aging. Accumulated lipids, pro-inflammatory markers, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway markers from differentiated adipocytes were analyzed. Pro-inflammatory markers and NF-κB pathway markers of epididymal white adipose tissues (EWATs) and adipocytes from EWATs were also analyzed. We found that the aging adipocytes chronologically accumulated lipids and increased pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); at the same time, NF-κB p50 markers were also increased while IκBα protein was decreased significantly in conditioned medium. Similar results were observed when differentiated adipocytes were maintained in the unconditioned medium and the adipocytes from EWATs of aged mice. We demonstrated that aging augmented chronic inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway in adipocytes and adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Changes in the Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis and Hypertension, Depending on the Method of Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vicharenko ◽  
M. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Inflammatory mediators have an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. One of the leading mediators of the initiation of the pathological process is interleukin-1 (IL-1) – an endogenous pyrogen, a lymphocyte-activating factor. Numerous pro-inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) occur in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), effects on hematopoiesis, participates in nonspecific anti-infective defense.The objective of the study is to determine levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with hypertension II stage and generalized periodontitis of the II degree depending on the treatment method.There were examined 30 patients with hypertension of the II stage and with generalized periodontitis of the II degree. Patients’ age ranged from 35 to 54 years. These patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 10 patients without general somatic pathology and with healthy periodontitis of the same age. The result of the analysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients in the first group before the treatment was 10.69±2.33 pg/ml. After the treatment this indicator was 6.97±1.57 pg/ml (p>0.1) in patients of the first group.In patients of the second group the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was 9.49±2.2 pg/ml; after the treatment according to the offered scheme this figure decreased up to 2.77±0.9 pg/ml (p<0.01). The level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the control group was 1.5±0.77 pg/ml.Interleukin-6 was 9.91±2.04 pg/ml before the treatment in the first group. After the treatment according to the standard scheme, the level of interleukin-6 was 6.33±0.97 pg/ml (p>0.1). In the second group, before the treatment the level of  interleukin-6 was 9.65±2.41 pg/ml; after the treatment according to the offered scheme it was 2.62±0.5 pg/ml (p<0.01). In the control group the interleukin-6 level was 2.24±0.51 pg/ml.Analyzing the obtained results after the treatment in both groups we can conclude: after the treatment of generalized periodontitis of the II degree in patients with hypertension of the II stage, indices of pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased and ranged in normal limits; in patients from the second group (who received the offered scheme of treatment -including medicines) indexes of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower than in patients with the standard treatment scheme; the proposed scheme of treatment is more effective for treatment patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II stage.

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