scholarly journals Protective Role of Polyphenols against Vascular Inflammation, Aging and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Serino ◽  
Gloria Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aging is a major risk factor in the development of chronic diseases affecting various tissues including the cardiovascular system, muscle and bones. Age-related diseases are a consequence of the accumulation of cellular damage and reduced activity of protective stress response pathways leading to low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Both inflammation and oxidative stress are major contributors to cellular senescence, a process in which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional by secreting inflammatory molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular matrix components that cause inflammation and senescence in the surrounding tissue. This process is known as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thus, accumulation of senescent cells over time promotes the development of age-related diseases, in part through the SASP. Polyphenols, rich in fruits and vegetables, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities associated with protective effects against major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols improve anti-oxidant capacity, mitochondrial function and autophagy, while reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). We also discuss the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in reducing the effects of the SASP and the incidence of CVD.

scholarly journals Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic diseases. However, antioxidant trials are so far largely unsuccessful as a preventive or curative measure. Chronic low-grade inflammatory process, on the other hand, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, one of which can be easily induced by another. Thus, both processes are simultaneously found in many pathological conditions. Therefore, the failure of antioxidant trials might result from failure to select appropriate agents that specifically target both inflammation and oxidative stress or failure to use both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents simultaneously or use of nonselective agents that block some of the oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways but exaggerate the others. To examine whether the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation can explain the antioxidant paradox we discussed in the present review the basic aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation and their relationship and dependence.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhen Wu ◽  
Shijin Xia ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
Wenbin Wan ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vascular Elasticity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Age is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of other traditional factors. Emerging evidence in experimental animal and human models has emphasized a central role for two main mechanisms of age-related cardiovascular disease: oxidative stress and inflammation. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide generated by oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation accompanying aging recapitulate age-related cardiovascular dysfunction, that is, left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction in the heart as well as endothelial dysfunction, reduced vascular elasticity, and increased vascular stiffness. We describe the signaling involved in these two main mechanisms that include the factors NF-κB, JunD, p66Shc, and Nrf2. Potential therapeutic strategies to improve the cardiovascular function with aging are discussed, with a focus on calorie restriction, SIRT1, and resveratrol.

scholarly journals Interlink between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Complement Factor H

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Sara Romero-Vazquez ◽  
Víctor Llorens ◽  
Alba Soler-Boronat ◽  
Marc Figueras-Roca ◽  
Alfredo Adan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Complement Factor H ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) heads the list of legal blindness among the elderly population in developed countries. Due to the complex nature of the retina and the variety of risk factors and mechanisms involved, the molecular pathways underlying AMD are not yet fully defined. Persistent low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress eventually lead to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and outer blood–retinal barrier (oBRB) breakdown. The identification of AMD susceptibility genes encoding complement factors, and the presence of inflammatory mediators in drusen, the hallmark deposits of AMD, supports the notion that immune-mediated processes are major drivers of AMD pathobiology. Complement factor H (FH), the main regulator of the alternative pathway of the complement system, may have a key contribution in the pathogenesis of AMD as it is able to regulate both inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the oBRB. Indeed, genetic variants in the CFH gene account for the strongest genetic risk factors for AMD. In this review, we focus on the roles of inflammation and oxidative stress and their connection with FH and related proteins as regulators of both phenomena in the context of AMD.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Foods for Skin Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Akalın ◽  
Zeliha Selamoglu
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
And Function ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Various medicinally uses of the natural foods as well as edibility of them caused attraction a huge attention for several pharmacological activities include antioxidants, antibiotics and antineoplastic activity. Aging is a major risk factor in the change of convert skin structure and function might also directly affect skin appearance. Age-related disorders in the skin health are a consequence of the accumulation of cellular damage and reduced activity of protective stress response pathways leading to low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence that consumption of a variety of phenolic compounds present in natural foods may lower the risk of serious health disorders because of their antioxidant activity, amongst other mechanisms. This mini review reports the importance of the natural foods and nutritional status in the maintenance of healthy skin in human.

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7012
Author(s):  
Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Rosa Faner ◽  
Mauricio Rojas ◽  
Alvar Agustí ◽  
Manuel Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Age Related

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.

scholarly journals Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Rosaria Meccariello ◽  
Stefania D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Macromolecular Damage ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amelia Charlton ◽  
Jessica Garzarella ◽  
Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
Jay C. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Emerging Therapies

Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered major drivers in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. A symbiotic relationship also appears to exist between oxidative stress and inflammation. Several emerging therapies target these crucial pathways, to alleviate the burden of the aforementioned diseases. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, a pathological state which not only leads to direct cellular damage but also an inflammatory cascade that further perpetuates tissue injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies tackle these pathways in a variety of ways, from increasing antioxidant defenses (antioxidants and Nrf2 activators) to reducing ROS production (NADPH oxidase inhibitors and XO inhibitors) or inhibiting the associated inflammatory pathways (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, lipoxins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and AT-1 receptor antagonists). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to and perpetuate diabetes associated renal and cardiovascular disease along with the therapeutic strategies which target these pathways to provide reno and cardiovascular protection in the setting of diabetes.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease-Related Parameters and Oxidative Stress in SHROB Rats, a Model for Metabolic Syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e104637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Molinar-Toribio ◽  
Jara Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Sara Ramos-Romero ◽  
Laura Lluís ◽  
Vanessa Sánchez-Martos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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