scholarly journals Trajectories of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of Hypertension in China: Results from the CHNS Study, 1997–2011

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gao ◽  
Fengbin Wang ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
Xiaorou Zhu ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence

Evidence indicates that longitudinal changes in dietary patterns may predict variations in blood pressure (BP) and risk of incident hypertension. We aimed to identify distinct trajectories in the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) in China and explore their association with BP levels and hypertension risk using the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2011 data. Three levels of MDA were constructed. The trajectories in these levels were constructed using group-based trajectory modeling. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to measure the association between MDA trajectory groups and the risk of incident hypertension after adjusting for covariates. Finally, 6586 individuals were included. Six distinct MDA trajectory groups were identified: persistently low and gradual decline; rapidly increasing and stabilized; persistently moderate; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending; slightly decreasing and acutely elevated; and persistently high. The systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly lower in trajectory groups with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA; and persistently high MDA. Cox regression analysis showed that the risks of developing hypertension were relatively lower in the group with slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.32) and the group with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23–0.42), but the risk was the highest in the trajectory with persistently moderate MDA (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84–1.08). In conclusion, MDA in China was categorized into six distinct trajectory groups. BP was relatively lower in trajectory groups with initially high or increasing MDA levels. Greater MDA was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing hypertension.

Genetic and nongenetic factors for contralateral progression of unilateral moyamoya disease: the first report from the SUPRA Japan Study Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yohei Mineharu ◽  
Yasushi Takagi ◽  
Akio Koizumi ◽  
Takaaki Morimoto ◽  
Takeshi Funaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Unilateral Moyamoya Disease

OBJECTIVE Although many studies have analyzed risk factors for contralateral progression in unilateral moyamoya disease, they have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine whether genetic factors as well as nongenetic factors are involved in the contralateral progression. METHODS The authors performed a multicenter cohort study in which 93 cases with unilateral moyamoya disease were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic features, RNF213 R4810K mutation, lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking, past medical history, and angiographic findings were analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to find risk factors for contralateral progression. RESULTS Contralateral progression was observed in 24.7% of cases during a mean follow-up period of 72.2 months. Clinical characteristics were not significantly different between 63 patients with the R4810K mutation and those without it. Cox regression analysis showed that the R4810K mutation (hazard ratio [HR] 4.64, p = 0.044), childhood onset (HR 7.21, p < 0.001), male sex (HR 2.85, p = 0.023), and daily alcohol drinking (HR 4.25, p = 0.034) were independent risk factors for contralateral progression. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that both genetic and nongenetic factors are associated with contralateral progression of unilateral moyamoya disease. The findings would serve to help us better understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and to manage patients more appropriately.

scholarly journals Simulation Extrapolation Method for Cox Regression Model with a Mixture of Berkson and Classical Errors in the Covariates using Calibration Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean de Dieu Tapsoba ◽  
Edward C. Chao ◽  
Ching-Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Simulation Extrapolation

Abstract Many biomedical or epidemiological studies often aim to assess the association between the time to an event of interest and some covariates under the Cox proportional hazards model. However, a problem is that the covariate data routinely involve measurement error, which may be of classical type, Berkson type or a combination of both types. The issue of Cox regression with error-prone covariates has been well-discussed in the statistical literature, which has focused mainly on classical error so far. This paper considers Cox regression analysis when some covariates are possibly contaminated with a mixture of Berkson and classical errors. We propose a simulation extrapolation-based method to address this problem when two replicates of the mismeasured covariates are available along with calibration data for some subjects in a subsample only. The proposed method places no assumption on the mixture percentage. Its finite-sample performance is assessed through a simulation study. It is applied to the analysis of data from an AIDS clinical trial study.

scholarly journals Unplanned Reoperation After Trapeziometacarpal Arthroplasty: Rate, Reasons, and Risk Factors

Hand ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Wilkens ◽  
Zichao Xue ◽  
Jos J. Mellema ◽  
David Ring ◽  
Neal Chen
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Background: Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) arthritis is an expected part of ageing to which most patients adapt well. Patients who do not adapt to TMC arthritis may be offered operative treatment. The factors associated with reoperation after TMC arthroplasty are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of, the underlying reasons for, and the factors associated with unplanned reoperation after TMC arthroplasty. Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all adult patients who had TMC arthroplasty for TMC arthritis at 1 of 3 large urban area hospitals between January 2000 and December 2009. Variables were inserted into a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to determine factors associated with unplanned reoperation, and the Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate and describe the probability of unplanned reoperation over time. Results: Among 458 TMC arthroplasties, 19 (4%) had an unplanned reoperation; 16 of 19 (84%) for persistent pain and two-thirds within the first year. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that unplanned reoperation was independently associated with younger age, surgeon inexperience, and index procedure type. Conclusions: Surgeons should be aware as well as patients should be informed that as many as 4% are offered or request a second surgery, usually for persistent pain and often within the 1-year window when additional improvement is anticipated.

scholarly journals Intraocular Lens Power, Myopia, and the Risk of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy after 15,375 Cataract Surgeries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3071
Author(s):  
Juha-Matti Lindholm ◽  
Ilkka Laine ◽  
Raimo Tuuminen
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hydrophobic Acrylic

The present study estimated the 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy according to the diopter power of implanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Data were retrospectively collected of 15,375 eyes having cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOLs at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland between the years 2007 and 2016. The cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was calculated by Kaplan–Meier estimates, and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy after cataract surgery was 27.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9–32.6%) for low-diopter (5–16.5 D) IOLs, 14.6% (13.8–15.5%) for mid-diopter (17–24.5 D) IOLs, and 13.6% (11.7–15.6%) for high-diopter (25–30 D) IOLs. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low-diopter IOLs (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.38–2.25; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to mid-diopter IOLs over the follow-up period after accounting for other predictors. Real-world evidence shows that low-diopter IOLs are associated with significantly higher risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy within five years following implantation. Estimation should help in evaluating the risks of cataract surgery in myopic eyes.

scholarly journals DIRC3 and close to NABP1 Genetics Polymorphisms correlated with Prognostic Survival in Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Shen ◽  
Wanli Ren ◽  
Yanxia Bai ◽  
Zhengshuai Chen ◽  
Jingjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies in the upper digestive tract that has a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Prognostic factors were determined through multivariate Cox regression analysis. The overall survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The SPSS statistical software package version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all analyses. Median follow-up was 38 (range 3-122) months and the median survival time was 48 months. We adjusted to confounding factors (total laryngectomy, poor differentiation, T3-T4 stage, N1-N2 stage, III-IV TNM stage) into multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, we confirmed rs11903757 GT genotype (HR = 2.036; 95% CI, 1.071 - 3.872; p = 0.030) and rs966423 TT genotype (HR = 11.677; 95% CI, 3.901 - 34.950; p = 0.000) were significantly correlated with prognostic survival of patients with LSCC compared with rs11903757 TT genotype and rs966423 CC genotype, respectively. Our research provided new evidence for patients with LSCC, it seemed to be the first that demonstrated rs11903757 GT genotype on chromosome 2q32.3 close to NABP1 and rs966423 TT genotype in the intron region of DIRC3 on chromosome 2q35 predict poor prognostic survival in patients with LSCC.

Abstract P100: Long-Term Exposures to Community Noise and Blood Pressure Levels in Chicago, Illinois

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C D'Souza ◽  
Jennifer Weuve ◽  
Robert D Brook ◽  
Denis A Evans ◽  
Joel D Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
The Us

Objectives: Over half the US population experiences noise levels above WHO recommendations yet little research within the US has examined the health effects of these exposures. Our objective is to investigate the associations between community noise and blood pressure in residents of Chicago. Methods: Participants were from two prospective cohort studies: the Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP). MESA is a multi-site study of persons aged 45-84 years and free of clinical cardiovascular disease. CHAP is an open cohort initiated to study chronic conditions of aging among persons aged ≥65 years. This analysis focuses on the 5,167 participants of these cohorts living in Chicago with an average of 2.5 (CHAP) and 4.5 (MESA) assessments per participant, for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure between 1999-2011. In both cohorts, hypertension was defined as taking antihypertensive medication, SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. We estimated noise at participant addresses using land use regression models weighted according to participants’ 5-year residential history before each exam. Among those taking antihypertensive medication, blood pressure was adjusted using multiple imputation. Associations between noise and blood were estimated using linear mixed models. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of incident hypertension. All models included calendar time, age, sex, race, income, education, neighborhood socioeconomic score, smoking, cohort, interaction between cohort and age, race, and gender, and NO x (a traffic-related air pollutant). Findings : At baseline, MESA participants were younger (63 vs 73 years) and more educated (36 vs. 3% with ≥graduate degree) than CHAP participants. MESA participants had higher noise levels (60 vs 56 dB) and lower blood pressures (e.g. SBP: 124 vs 135 mmHg) than CHAP participants. After adjusting for cohort and other confounders, we found that 10 dB higher residential noise levels were associated with 0.9 (95% CI: -0.2, 0.2; p=0.1) and 0.5 mmHg greater (95% CI: -0.1, 0.11; p=0.08) SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar associations were found within each cohort. Noise was not associated with incident hypertension overall (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3, p=0.98) or within cohort. Conclusions: We found a suggestive association between noise and blood pressure levels, but no association with hypertension. This could be due to the lack of nighttime noise information, which has been shown to be more strongly associated with blood pressure outcomes than daytime levels or with the selection of healthy older participants.

Coexpression of PDGFR-Alpha, PDGFR-Beta and VEGF as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Cheng-ying Jiang ◽  
Li-xin Wei ◽  
Ya-li Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Aims To evaluate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-α) and beta (PDGFR-β) expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression of PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β and VEGF in 63 HCC patients who underwent curative resection was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlations between the expression of these biomarkers and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Patient survival was analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Univariate survival analysis showed that PDGFR-α or PDGFR-β overexpression was of no prognostic significance in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p>0.05), while VEGF overexpression and PDGFR-α/PDGFR-β/VEGF coexpression were significantly correlated with worse DFS and poorer OS in HCC patients (P<0.05). More importantly, PDGFR-α/PDGFR-β/VEGF coexpression was an independent prognostic marker for poor survival as indicated by multivariate Cox regression analysis (DFS, hazard ratio 3.122, p=0.001; OS, hazard ratio 4.260, p=0.000). Conclusions Coexpression of PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β and VEGF could be considered an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting DFS and OS in HCC patients. This result could be used to identify patients at a higher risk of tumor recurrence and poor prognosis, and help to select therapeutic schemes for the treatment of HCC.

Left ventricular geometry and risk of incident hypertension

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (18) ◽  
pp. 1402-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Keun Park ◽  
Ju Young Jung ◽  
Jeong Gyu Kang ◽  
Pil-Wook Chung ◽  
Chang-Mo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters

ObjectiveLeft ventricular (LV) geometry change is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease. However, data are equivocal on the association of echocardiographic parameters of LV geometry with incident hypertension. Thus, we were to investigate the risk of hypertension according to the baseline echocardiographic parameters of LV geometry.MethodsStudy participants were 12 562 Koreans without hypertension who received echocardiography as an item of health check-up. They were divided into normotensive or prehypertensive group according to baseline blood pressure. In each group, study subjects were classified by quintiles of baseline echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), posterior wall thickness (PWT) and IVST plus PWT and followed up for 5 years. Cox proportional hazards model was used in calculating adjusted HRs and their 95% CI for hypertension according to each quintile group. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis (AUC [95% CI]) was performed to compare the predictability of LVMI, RWT, IVST, PWT, IVST plus PWT for hypertension.ResultsPrehypertensive group had the worse clinical and echocardiographic parameters in baseline analysis than normotensive group. The risk of hypertension significantly increased proportionally to baseline LVMI, RWT, IVST, PWI and IVST plus PWT above specific quintile levels, which was identified in both normotensive and prehypertensive group. In AUC analysis, IVST, PWT and IVST plus PWT showed a significantly increased AUC, compared with LVMI.ConclusionLV geometry change was significantly associated with the increased risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive individuals.

scholarly journals Free Triiodothyronine Connected With Metabolic Changes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Interacting With Other Functional Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-xue Tian ◽  
Shu-fen Zheng ◽  
Ju-e Liu ◽  
Yuan-yuan Wu ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Artery Disease

This study aims to evaluate the association between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, as well as to assess the predictive power of FT3 and related functional markers from the perspective of potential mechanism. A total of 5104 CAD patients with an average follow-up of three years were enrolled into our study. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between FT3, FT4 (free thyroxin), FT3/FT4 and death, MACE. We developed and validated an age, biomarker, and clinical history (ABC) model based on FT3 indicators to predict the prognosis of patients with CAD. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, FT3 and FT3/FT4 were independent predictors of mortality (Adjusted HR = 0.624, 95% CI = 0.486–0.801; adjusted HR = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.002–0.07, respectively). Meanwhile, emerging markers pre-brain natriuretic peptide, fibrinogen, and albumin levels are significantly associated with low FT3 (p &lt; 0.001). The new risk death score based on biomarkers can be used to well predict the outcomes of CAD patients (C index of 0.764, 95% CI = 0.731–0.797). Overall, our findings suggest that low levels of FT3 and FT3/FT4 are independent predictors of death and MACE risk in CAD patients. Besides, the prognostic model based on FT3 provides a useful tool for the death risk stratification of CAD patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV in China: A Multicenter Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Fan ◽  
fuping guo ◽  
Evelyn Hsieh ◽  
Wei-Ti Chen ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Life expectancy among persons living with HIV (PLWH) has improved with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), however incidence of chronic comorbidities has simultaneously increased. No data are available regarding the incidence of hypertension among Chinese PLWH. Methods We analyzed data collected from patients enrolled in two prospective longitudinal multicenter studies of PLWH initiating ART in China. Incidence rate of hypertension per 100 person-years (PYs) among PLWH was calculated, and Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the association between incident hypertension and traditional and HIV-associated risk factors. Results Of 1078 patients included in this analysis, 984 ART-naïve patients were hypertension-free at baseline, and contributed 2337.7 PYs of follow up, with a median follow-up period of 1.8 years (range: 1.2-3.2) after initiation of ART. Incidence of hypertension was 7.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5-8.7] per 100 PYs. In the Cox regression analysis, incidence of hypertension was positively associated with body mass index [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07 (1.01,1.13), p=0.02] and recent viral load (aHR 1.28, 95% CI:1.08-1.51, p=0), and negatively associated with recent CD4+/CD8+ ratio (aHR 0.14, 95% CI:0.06-0.31, p<0.001), zidovudine exposure (aHR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10-0.24, p<0.001) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure (aHR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08-0.21, p<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of hypertension was relatively high among Chinese PLWH initiating ART. Recent low CD4+/CD8+ ratio and detectable HIV viremia were associated with incident hypertension, whereas receipt of ART was associated with reduced risk . Hypertension may be mitigated, in part, by excellent HIV care, including viral suppression with ART.

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